This paper present seasonal variation in the equivalent concentration (BaP
) of PAHs in order to assess the potential cancer risk for two different groups of residents via ingestion, dermal contact ...and inhalation pathways. The possible ecological risk caused by PAH atmospheric deposition based on risk quotient was also estimated. A bulk (total, wet and dry) deposition and PM
particle fraction (particles with an equivalent aerodynamic diameter < 10 µm) were collected from June 2020 to May 2021 at an urban residential location in the northern part of Zagreb, Croatia. The monthly average of total equivalent BaP
mass concentrations of PM
varied from 0.057 ng m
in July to 3.656 ng m
in December; the annul ∑BaP
average was 1.348 ng m
. In bulk deposition, ∑BaP
mass concentrations varied from 1.94 to 57.60 ng L
. In both investigated media, BaP had the highest contribution in carcinogenic activity. For PM
media, dermal absorption implied the greatest potential cancer risk, followed by ingestion and inhalation. For bulk media, a moderate ecological risk for BaA, BbF and BaP was observed according to the risk quotient approach.
This paper present seasonal variation in the equivalent concentration (BaPsub.eq ) of PAHs in order to assess the potential cancer risk for two different groups of residents via ingestion, dermal ...contact and inhalation pathways. The possible ecological risk caused by PAH atmospheric deposition based on risk quotient was also estimated. A bulk (total, wet and dry) deposition and PMsub.10 particle fraction (particles with an equivalent aerodynamic diameter < 10 µm) were collected from June 2020 to May 2021 at an urban residential location in the northern part of Zagreb, Croatia. The monthly average of total equivalent BaPsub.eq mass concentrations of PMsub.10 varied from 0.057 ng msup.−3 in July to 3.656 ng msup.−3 in December; the annul ∑BaPsub.eq average was 1.348 ng msup.−3 . In bulk deposition, ∑BaPsub.eq mass concentrations varied from 1.94 to 57.60 ng Lsup.−1 . In both investigated media, BaP had the highest contribution in carcinogenic activity. For PMsub.10 media, dermal absorption implied the greatest potential cancer risk, followed by ingestion and inhalation. For bulk media, a moderate ecological risk for BaA, BbF and BaP was observed according to the risk quotient approach.
In this study, concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bound to PM
10
particles were measured in a Croatian rural area. Considering that by now only a limited number of studies have ...provided data on pollutant concentrations for rural areas, our aim was to do so by determining the PAH levels, their mutagenic effect and relationship with meteorological conditions and other gaseous pollutants (NO, NO
2
, NH
3
). In this investigation, samples of PM
10
particles were collected on quartz filters for 1 month in the cold period and 1 month in the warm period of the year, 24 h a day. Diagnostic PAH concentration ratios and factor analysis were used as tools to identify and characterize the PAH sources. The PAHs found in the warm period of the year were characteristic for car exhaust emissions while the predominant source of these pollutants in the cold period was wood burning.
The measurements showed much higher average concentrations of all PAHs in the cold period, most pronounced for fluoranthene 0.347 ng m
−3
and pyrene 0.223 ng m
−3
. Mass concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene in the cold period ranged from 0.057 to 1.526 ng m
−3
, while in the warm period they varied from 0.009 to 0.111 ng m
−3
. Mutagenicity related to BaP (BaP
Meq
) was significantly higher during the cold period (1.095 ng m
−3
) than in the warm period (0.101 ng m
−3
).
Medonosna pčela (Apis mellifera) izrazito je osjetljiva na varoozu, koju izaziva grinja Varroa destructor. Ako se ne zaštite od varooze, pčelinje zajednice u pravilu propadaju nakon jedne do tri ...godine. Zaštita pčelinjih zajednica kemijskim sredstvima sve je manje učinkovita zbog rezistentnosti grinja i nepoželjna je zbog zaostajanja aktivnih tvari u pčelinjim proizvodima. Cilj rada je pregledom literature istražiti potencijal te prednosti i nedostatke primjene bioloških agensa u suzbijanju varoe. Prikazani su biološki aspekti grinje Varroa destructor u interakciji sa pčelom kao domaćinom i bioagensima te utjecaj fizikalnih uvjeta u košnici na učinkovitost bioagensa. Posljednja se dva desetljeća u suzbijanju varoe i sličnih organizama istražuju korisni člankonšci, entomopatogene nematode, entomopatogene gljive i bakterije. S obzirom na visoku učinkovitost u suzbijanju varoe i sigurnost za pčele, entomopatogene gljive iz rodova Metarhizium i Beauveria, entomopatogene bakterije Bacillus thuringiensis te simbiotske bakterije entomopatogenih nematoda potencijalni su bioagensi. U budućim istraživanjima treba standardizirati metode ocjene djelovanja bioagensa na varou i pčelinju zajednicu i tehnološki prilagoditi potencijalne bioagense fizikalnim uvjetima u košnici, uzimajući u obzir sigurnost pčela, pčelara i kvalitetu meda.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Air Jakovljević, Ivana; Žužul, Silva
Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju,
12/2011, Letnik:
62, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Policiklički aromatski ugljikovodici (PAU) spojevi su koji se sastoje od dva ili više kondenziranih aromatskih prstenova. Nastaju prilikom nepotpunog izgaranja ili pirolize organskih tvari. Dokazano ...je da neki PAU imaju kancerogena, a neki mutagena svojstva, pa je stoga potrebno kontinuirano pratiti koncentracije PAU u zraku, vodi i tlu, te pokušati sanirati izvore PAU. PAU s dva ili tri aromatska prstena postojani su u plinovitoj fazi, dok se PAU s više aromatskih prstenova nalaze u zraku uglavnom vezani na čestice. Visoke koncentracije PAU prisutne su u atmosferi urbanih područja, a najviše su zimi kada su pojačane emisije iz kućnih ložišta. U ljetno doba koncentracije su niže jer je većina policikličkih aromatskih ugljikovodika nestabilna na visokim temperaturama, a osim toga dolazi do njihove oksidacije i fotooksidacije. Metode mjerenja PAU u zraku uključuju uzorkovanje prosisavanjem na filterski papir ili kruti adsorbens, ekstrakciju i kromatografsku analizu. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati mjerenja benzoapirena (BaP) kao glavnog predstavnika PAU na nekim lokacijama u svijetu. Razine BaP u svijetu uspoređene su s rezultatima mjerenja provedenim do sada u Hrvatskoj.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of organic compounds consisting of two or more condense aromatic rings. They are products of incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic matter. Because some PAHs such as Benzoapyrene (BaP) are proven carcinogens and mutagens, it is necessary to continuously monitor their concentrations in the air, water, and soil. PAHs with two or three aromatic rings are stable in the gas phase, while most PAHs with five or more aromatic rings bond to particles. Higher concentrations of PAHs are present in the atmosphere of urban areas, mostly in the winter, due to heating. In the summer, these concentrations drop because most PAHs are unstable at high temperatures and break down by oxidation and photooxidation. Measurements of PAHs in the air include sampling on the filter paper or solid adsorbent, extraction, and chromatographic analysis. This review presents the measurements of BaP in some locations in the world and compares them with the findings in Croatia.
Uvod:Terapija pacijenata sa parafunkcionalnim aktivnostima veoma je kompleksna i često ne moţe da spreči dalja oštećenja zuba ili zubnih nadoknada. Porast broja osoba kojima je dijagnostifikovan ...bruksizam ukazuje na neophodnost pronalaţenja rešenja kojima bi se smanjio rizik od nastanka komplikacija pri protetskoj rehabilitaciji pacijenata. Razvojem novih materijala, koji bi svojim karakteristikama kompenzovali štetna dejstva okluzalnih sila, značajno bi se unapredio kvalitet ţivota pacijenata sa parafunkcionalnim aktivnostima.Osnovni cilj doktorske disertacije bio je da se ispita primena termoplastičnog materijala na bazi polietereterketona, fasetiranog kompozitnim materijalom, u protetskoj terapiji krezubosti bočne regije fiksnim zubnim nadoknadama kod pacijenata sa parafunkcionalnim aktivnostima. Pored toga ispitivana je mogućnost primene koordinantne merne mašine za merenje trošenja dentalnih materijala.Materijal i metode:Istraţivanje je sprovedeno kao prospektivna klinička i eksperimentalna studija. U okviru kliničkog dela studije protetska rehabilitacija pacijenata podrazumevala je izradu trideset mostova, pri čemu su jednoj polovini mostova antagonisti bili prirodni zubi, dok su drugoj polovini antagonisti bili metalokeramičke ili keramičke zubne nadoknade. Supstruktura mostova izraĎena je od termoplastičnog materijala na bazi polietereterketona nakon čega je fasetirana kompozitnim materijalom. U periodu od godinu dana sprovedena su tri kontrolna pregleda (neposredno po cementiranju protetske nadoknade, nakon šest i dvanaest meseci) tokom kojih je proveravan kvalitet površine zubne nadoknade i njen uticaj na okolna tkiva, otpornost zubne nadoknade u uslovima oralne sredine i pri funkcijama orofacijalnog sistema, kontaktni odnos zuba, pacijentova procena uspešnosti primenjene protetske terapije i pojava komplikacija tokom i nakon protetske terapije.U okviru eksperimentalnog dela studije mereno je trošenje trideset kruna izraĎenih od ispitivanog materijala pomoću koordinantne merne mašine. Krune su skenirane pre i nakon eksperimentalno izazvanog starenja materijala a zatim su uz pomoć softvera dobijene vrednosti zapremine i vertikalnog smanjenja fasetnog kompozitnog materijala.Rezultati:Rezultati istraţivanja ukazuju na to da je nakon godinu dana promena boje fasetnog kompozitnog materijala bila u okviru praga prihvatljivosti 50:50% kod 36.7% mostova kada je boja merena na suvoj površini, odnosno 20% mostova kada je odreĎivana na vlaţnoj površini zubne nadoknade. Vrednosti plak indeksa, gingivalnog indeksa i indeksa krvarenja na provokaciju, izmerene su oko mezijalnog nosača mosta nakon šest i dvanaest meseci, bile su statistički značajno veće u odnosu na kontrolni zub (mezijalni agonista). Tokom kliničkog praćenja pojave oštećenja nije uočeno trošenje zuba antagonista, dok su sporadično zabeleţeni pojava pukotina u fasetnom materijalu, trošenje fasetnog materijala, odlamanje delova fasetnog materijala i odvajanje fasetnog materijala od supstrukture. Na osnovu ukupne ocene karakteristika zubnih nadoknada prema FDI kriterijumima, nakon godinu dana 86.7% nadoknada smatrano je prihvatljivim, dok su preostale nadoknade označene kao relativan neuspeh protetske terapije zbog oštećenja fasetnog kompozitnog materijala koja su zahtevala korekcije. Kompjuterskom analizom okluzije nisu uočene značajne razlike u broju okluzalnih kontakata, jačini relativnih sila, poloţaju centra okluzalnih sila, kao ni u vremenu uspostavljanja okluzalnih kontakata, nakon cementiranja nadoknade, nakon 6 i 12 meseci. TakoĎe, nije utvrĎen uticaj tipa antagonista na promenu broja okluzalnih kontakata u predelu protetske nadoknade. Nakon protetske rehabilitacije pacijenata sa parafunkcionalnim aktivnostima došlo je do poboljšanja kvaliteta života povezanog sa oralnim zdravljem, pri čemu je pozitivan uticaj terapije bio jače izražen kod osoba ženskog pola. Komplikacije koje su se javile kod pojedinih pacijenata, tokom i nakon protetske terapije, posledica su osetljivosti postupka cementiranja, poliranja i intraoralne reparature nadoknada i specifičnih intraoralnih uslova koji postoje kod pacijenata sa parafunkcionalnim aktivnostima.
Airborne particles are composed of inorganic species and organic compounds. PM
particles, with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1 μm, are considered to be important in the context of adverse ...health effects. Many compounds bound to particulate matter, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), are suspected to be genotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. In this study, PAHs in the PM
particle fraction were measured for one year (1/1/2018-31/12/2018). The measuring station was located in the northern residential part of Zagreb, the Croatian capital, close to a street with modest traffic. Significant differences were found between PAH concentrations during cold (January-March, October-December) and warm (April-September) periods of the year. In general, the mass concentrations of PAHs characteristic for car exhausts (benzo(ghi)perylene (BghiP), indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IP), and benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF)) were higher during the whole year than concentrations of fluoranthene (Flu) and pyrene (Pyr), which originated mostly from domestic heating and biomass burning. Combustion of diesel and gasoline from vehicles was found to be one of the main PAH sources. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was estimated for three age groups of populations and the results were much lower than the acceptable risk level (1 × 10
). However, more than ten times higher PAH concentrations in the cold part of the year, as well as associated health risk, emphasize the need for monitoring of PAHs in PM
. These data represent a valuable tool in future plans and actions to control PAH sources and to improve the quality of life of urban populations.
Efforts to reduce air pollution involve regulations, technological advancements, and promoting sustainable practices to mitigate its impact on both human health and the environment. ...we aimed to ...explore how air pollution can affect genomic instability and consequently our health by determining possible associations between air pollutants and biomarkers of exposure and effects. Given the transboundary nature of air pollution, our results might be regionally important. Since air pollution is considered a significant health issue, and air pollution is often site-specific, more studies using biomarkers of exposure, as well as using different biomarkers of effect could be expected. In the field of genetic toxicology, he uses various methodological approaches, both in vitro and in vivo, on different cell and animal models to investigate the effects of various physical and chemical agents on organisms, tissues, cells, and cell structures with special emphasis on the DNA molecule. ...the scope of his work also comprises human biomonitoring studies in different environmental and occupational settings.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in the PM
10
particle fraction collected at two different measuring sites in Zagreb, Croatia. In summer, concentrations of all PAHs at both sites ...were low. In winter, mass concentrations of all PAHs measured at southern site were much higher than those at north. Contents of all PAHs in the PM
10
particle fraction were much lower in summer than that in the winter period. For example, average content of BaP in PM
10
in summer was 2.26 ng/mg at site A and 4.17 ng/mg at site B, while in winter it was 34.72 and 46.69 ng/mg, respectively.
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