This study aims to evaluate the constituent compounds of plant extracts and their antimicrobial activity. Four different ethnomedicinal plant extracts including Piper nigrum, Nigella sativa, ...Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Elettaria cardamomum were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility profile identified using GC-Mass and demonstrated TLC analysis. We found the combined action of ethanol plant extracts (alone) against oral isolates showed a synergistic effect profile up to 32.20% when combination A (Ci/Ca) was added. The stearic and palmitic acids were the major constituent compounds of plant extracts which was exhibited high antimicrobial susceptibility against the bacterial isolates. We conclude that the stearic and palmitic acids were major constituent compounds of plant extracts.
Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin infection affecting the majority of adults. There are several internal and external factors responsible for this infection. The present study emphasizes the screening ...and combinations of medicinal plants extracts against acne-causing bacteria and antibacterial activity of these plant extracts. Antibacterial activities of three solvents extracts of Camellia sinensis, Azadirachta indica, and Cassia acutifolia was carried out using disc diffusion method against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The results revealed that different plant extracts showed noticeable activity against different test organisms. The acetone extract of combination A (C/A) showed the higher mean of antibacterial susceptibility against six bacterial strain with synergistic effect by 20.33mm than other combinations when combination A (C/A) was added. The antimicrobial susceptibility of combination A (C/A) was higher than combination group at concentration of 10.sup.-2 with 95% confidence interval. The present study concluded that the acetonic extract of C/A was the best antibacterial agent/candidate to treat acne vulgaris disease. Further trials might confirm its best possible doses for prescription to the dermatologists, physicians and clinicians in the field. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, plant extracts, acne vulgaris, bacterial strains.
l
-asparaginase (LA) catalyzes the degradation of asparagine, an essential amino acid for leukemic cells, into ammonia and aspartate. Owing to its ability to inhibit protein biosynthesis in ...lymphoblasts, LA is used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Different isozymes of this enzyme have been isolated from a wide range of organisms, including plants and terrestrial and marine microorganisms. Pieces of information about the three-dimensional structure of
l
-asparaginase from
Escherichia coli
and
Erwinia
sp. have identified residues that are essential for catalytic activity. This review catalogues the major sources of
l
-asparaginase, the methods of its production through the solid state (SSF) and submerged (SmF) fermentation, purification, and characterization as well as its biological roles. In the same breath, this article explores both the past and present applications of this important enzyme and discusses its future prospects.
l-asparaginase is an efficient anti-cancer enzyme due to its remarkable property in hydrolyzing essential amino acid of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cancer (l-asparagine) into aspartic acid and ...ammonia. Various sources of l-asparaginase had been identified including extraction from animal or plant as well as through microbial fermentation. Generally, researchers preferred to generate l-asparaginase by engaging microbe as the l-asparaginase producer because the abundant amount of l-asparaginase can be harvested in an affordable manner. The present study aimed at screening, optimization, and purification of microbial production l-asparaginase in presence of cooked chicken bone wastes as substrate. Different controlling parameters were studied including physiological (incubation period and temperature, initial pH-value, and substrate concentration), nutritional (carbon and nitrogen sources) and microbial parameters (inoculum sizes). As a result, the highest amount of l-asparaginase was harvested when the fermentation was incubated at 40 °C for 2 days at pH 9 in presence of 1% w/v of cooked chicken bone waste as a sole substrate. Besides that, starch and ammonium chloride were discovered as the best-supplemented carbon and nitrogen sources respectively when 12% v/v of Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 suspension was inoculated. The harvested l-asparaginase has proceeded with a series of purification and the specific activity achieved after partial purification was 0.549 IU/mg. In conclusion, optimization of controlling parameters as well as supplementation of cooked chicken bone as substrate capable to further enhance the production of l-asparaginase.
•l-asparaginase producer was identified after screening process, meanwhile optimization was studied.•Improvement of l-asparaginase production was seen after being optimized and supplemented with CCB as substrate.•The maximum activity of dialyzed enzyme was identified after characterization study.
The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus gains entry into human cells by exploiting the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a key component known as the spike protein (S), as a point of entry. Initially, SARS‐CoV‐2 ...suppresses the natural function of ACE2, leading to a gradual decline in cell health. Additionally, individuals with cancer are considered more susceptible to COVID-19. This study investigates the expression patterns of ACE2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with and without a history of COVID-19 infection. RT-PCR was used to analyze samples from both cancerous and adjacent non-affected colorectal tissues of 47 CRC patients, comprising two groups: 24 CRC patients with no history of COVID-19 and 23 CRC patients with a recent history of COVID-19 infection. Epithelial CR cells were isolated from both types of tissues and cultured to evaluate cell adhesion. Immunohistochemistry analyses were conducted to examine ACE2 protein expression using various ACE2 antibodies for both cell types. The study revealed ACE2 mRNA expression in all CRC tissues of patients with and without a history of COVID-19. ACE2 expression was significantly higher in CRC patients without a history of COVID-19. Notably, the non-affected colorectal cancer (NACRC) tissues of patients without a history of COVID-19 also showed ACE2 expression, whereas no ACE2 expression was detected in the biopsies of CRC patients with a positive COVID-19 history. ACE2 antibodies were employed to validate ACE2 protein expression at the mRNA level. COVID-19 appears to downregulate ACE2 expression in both CRC and NACRC tissues of CRC patients with a positive history of COVID-19 infection.
•Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, exhibit elevated ACE2 expression in both cancerous and non-affected colorectal tissues.•COVID-19 may downregulate ACE2 expression in CRC and non-affected tissues of CRC patients with a history of infection.•CRC cells from patients without COVID-19 history show enhanced cell adhesion potential, and cancer progression and metastasis.•Immunohistochemistry confirms ACE2 protein expression in CRC tissues based on COVID-19 history.•Understanding ACE2 expression in CRC with COVID-19 history, may have clinical implications for CRC patients' health outcomes.
Background
During the COVID pandemic, research has shown an increase in candidemia cases following severe COVID infection and the identification of risk factors associated with candidemia. However, ...there is a lack of studies that specifically explore clinical outcomes and mortality rates related to candidemia after COVID infection.
Objectives
The aim of this international study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and identify factors influencing mortality in patients who developed candidemia during their COVID infection.
Patients/Methods
This study included adult patients (18 years of age or older) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and diagnosed with COVID‐associated candidemia (CAC). The research was conducted through ID‐IRI network and in collaboration with 34 medical centres across 18 countries retrospectively, spanning from the beginning of the COVID pandemic until December 2021.
Results
A total of 293 patients diagnosed with CAC were included. The median age of the patients was 67, and 63% of them were male. The most common Candida species detected was C. albicans. The crude 30‐day mortality rate was recorded at 62.4%. The logistic regression analysis identified several factors significantly impacting mortality, including age (odds ratio OR 1.04, 95% confidence interval CI 1.02–1.07, p < .0005), SOFA score (OR 1.307, 95% CI 1.17–1.45, p < .0005), invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 7.95, 95% CI 1.44–43.83, p < .017) and duration of mechanical ventilation (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–0.99, p < .020).
Conclusions
By recognising these prognostic factors, medical professionals can customise their treatment approaches to offer more targeted care, leading to improved patient outcomes and higher survival rates for individuals with COVID‐associated candidemia.
The scale of migraine and its impact on the lives of patients in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries may be underestimated by healthcare professionals and the public and unmet needs in the ...provision of migraine medical care may exist. This article reports the key outcomes from a meeting of migraine specialists and their patients organised by the Emirates Neurology Society to learn more about the patient diagnosis and treatment journey and the extent to which migraine affects daily life. Patient stories indicate that the burden of migraine is underestimated, migraine is not generally recognised as a disease, delayed and incorrect diagnoses are common, and that achieving symptom control is often more a question of good luck rather than good management. Disease awareness campaigns are recommended to elevate societal understanding of migraine and reduce stigma toward patients affected by migraine. Recommendations for an improved healthcare system experience for patients affected by migraine include education initiatives targeting patients and physicians as well as initiatives to address gaps in the diagnosis and treatment of migraine.
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