This paper presents the results of a study that examined the impact of grape variety on the volatile aroma compounds and sensory properties of standard and Muscat grape brandy produced in the ...Podgorica sub-region (Montenegro) in vintages 2011, 2012, and 2013. The brandies were prepared by the distillation of crushed grapes, from the autochthonous varieties of Vranac and Kratošija, and Muscat grapes, in a traditional copper alembic, under the same conditions. The gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method of 82 volatile aroma compounds that belong to the group (alcohols, volatile acids, volatile esters, terpenes, volatile aldehydes, acetals, ethers, ketones, and alkanes) and an evaluation of the sensory properties of brandies were carried out to determine the typical characteristics of the examined brandies. Alcohols, fatty acid esters, and terpene compound contents were significantly more abundant in all Muscat grape brandies compared to the brandies from the Vranac and Kratošija wine varieties (Standard brandy). Research results revealed that variety had a significant impact on the volatile aroma compound and sensory properties of brandy. The varietal effect was also confirmed, by multivariate analysis, based on the aroma volatile composition, which showed a grouping by type of grape brandy (varietal origin). Sensory analyses showed that all the brandies belonged to the category of high-quality brandies.
Background
Triticum spelta L. (family Poaceae) is an ancient grain, which had been used for nutrition in the past but was eventually substituted, together with other related grains, for bread wheat ...(Triticum aestivum L.). The main reasons for its substitution are higher yield and economic gain in favor of bread wheat. With the belief that the extract of young spelt grass contains a sufficient amount of key nutrients, which contribute to beneficial effects on human health, research was conducted on 27 samples of young spelt grass extracts. For each sample extracted from young spelt grass cultivated under different conditions (irrigation, lighting, harvest), its nutritional composition, the content of biologically active substances and antioxidant activities were determined, with a comparison of the obtained results.
Results
In this two‐year study several nutrients, the content of major and trace minerals, antioxidant activity and pigment, and polyphenolic and flavonoid contents were analyzed and how the different growth factors influence them. Young spelt grass extract has a relatively high amount of functional ingredients, such as potassium, phosphorus, manganese, chromium, polyphenols and flavonoids. Chlorophyll a and b and pheophytin were the main pigments in the young spelt grass extract. All of these constituents exhibit antioxidant activity, which is important for a healthy lifestyle and protection against diseases.
Conclusion
This extract is a rich source of some major (potassium and phosphorus) and trace (manganese and chromium) elements, pigments, polyphenols and flavonoids. The antioxidant potential of the young spelt grass extract was positively correlated with their phenolic and flavonoid content. Accordingly, this composition of biologically active substances offers various ways of using this extract in the field of nutrition‐like dietary supplements.
The leaves of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) plant have been used for centuries in Montenegro and other Mediterranean countries as a vegetable in salads, sauces and other types of appetizers and ...meals. The wild and cultivated chicory leaves from different locations in Montenegro were analysed regarding several nutrients, major and trace element as well as vitamin composition, using standard methods of analysis. The results of the study indicated that chicory leaves were rich in total dietary fiber and mineral content and had low energy value. Also, they were potential sources of useful nutrients such as potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, and vitamin A, with the average content of 391.9, 164.7, 0.55, 2.33 and 0.47 mg/100 g in fresh leaves, respectively. Wild plants were superior to the cultivated ones regarding carbohydrate, calcium and manganese content. Origin of the chicory leaves significantly influenced most of the analyzed parameters.
Skadar Lake is the largest shallow lake in southeastern Europe. It is located within a national park, and is included in the Ramsar List of international important wetlands, so its preservation and ...protection from pollution is very important. The aim of this study was to investigate bioaccumulation of the ecotoxic metals Cd, Pb and Cr from sediments of Skadar Lake in the aquatic macrophyte
L. Samples of sediment and plants were collected at nine locations covering all major water inputs to the lake as well as locations where contamination could be expected. The obtained results indicate that sediments from the Skadar Lake are only locally contaminated with Cd (0.03–1.18 mg kg
), generally contaminated with Cr (15.8–180 mg kg
), the concentrations of both elements frequently exceeding sediment quality guidelines, while concentrations of Pb were low (2.7–17.4 mg kg
). The highest bioaccumulation of all metals from sediment to
L. was observed in the root, with accumulation efficiency decreasing in the order Cd > Cr > Pb. Translocation from root to stem was also higher for Cd than for Cr and Pb, while the translocation from stem to leaf was comparable for all three metals. From the three investigated metals Cd showed the highest mobility. The results indicate that
L. may be a very promising bioindicator of trace metal contamination in Skadar Lake.
The potential threat of a landfill projected on a high karst plateau in southwest Montenegro is investigated with respect to the subjacent nearby springs. The locality is called Duboki do. As the ...springs are used for drinking water supply this investigation is urgently needed. For the springs exist two hypotheses concerning their catchment area: I) from the high karst plateau, or II) from a topographically lower area. The stable H- and O-isotope ratios of water samples from the springs are compared with precipitation isotope data, to reveal the catchment area of the springs. The isotope results indicate that the catchment area of the springs is at higher altitude fitting to, and in good agreement with, winter precipitation from the high karst plateau of the planned land-fill locality.
Predmet ovog istraživanja bilo je ispitivanje tradicionalne hrane u Crnoj Gori na primjeru hrane pripremljene korišćenjem lista biljkeCichorium intybusL. koja se pod nazivom „žućenica“ vjekovima ...koristi u tradicionalnoj ishrani stanovnika u pojedinim djelovima Crne Gore, posebno u Bokokotorskom zalivu.Istraživanja u okviru ovog rada imala su za cilj: a) Sakupljanje relevantnih dokaza o tradicionalnoj primjeni lista žućenice u ishrani u Crnoj Gori u arhivskom materijalu, b) Dokumentovanje rasprostranjenosti i lokacija samonikle žućenice u Crnoj Gori, c) Uzorkovanje samonikle žućenice sa većeg broja lokacija u Crnoj Gori, d) Analizu osnovnog hemijskog sastava lista samonikle žućenice i žućenice porijeklom iz plasteničke proizvodnje sa više lokaliteta u Crnoj Gori i utvrđivanje varijabilnosti sastava samoniklih i gajenih uzoraka, e) Analizu sadržaja vitamina i minerala i analizu bioaktivnih sastojaka (vlakna, masne kiseline, pigmenti, ukupni polifenoli, ukupni flavonidi i pojedine polifenolne kiseline) i antioksidativne sposobnosti u uzorcima lista samonikle i gajene žućenice, f) Dokumentovanje i određivanje nutritivnog i mineralnog profila odabranih jela koja se pripremaju od lista ove biljke po tradicionalnoj recepturi.Sakupljeni dokazi iz dostupnog arhivskog materijala potvrdili su da su se listovi žućenice vjekovima unazad koristili u Crnoj Gori kao povrće u salatama, sosevima i ostalim vrstama predjela i jela.S obzirom da je u Crnoj Gori i regionu veoma malo podataka koji se odnose na detaljan hemijski sastav lista žućenice sa ovih prostora, dobijeni rezultati ukazali su na višestruku korist upotrebe ove biljke u ishrani. Rezultati su poređeni u odnosu na literaturne podatke o sastavu gajenog lisnatog povrća koje se najčešće koristi u ishrani na ovim prostorima.
Activity concentrations of the naturally occurring radionuclides ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K and anthropogenic ¹³⁷Cs in sand samples collected from 20 renowned beaches on the Coast of Montenegro have been ...determined using an HPGe (high purity Ge spectrometer). The average activity concentrations were found to be 7.4, 5.2, 97.3 and 0.5 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively. For all sand samples, the radium equivalent activity has been evaluated and found to be lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg⁻¹. External and internal hazard indices were less than unity. The gonadal dose equivalent was estimated to be on average 75 μSv y⁻¹, which is about four times lower than the global average for soil (0.3 mSv y⁻¹). Calculated values of absorbed dose rates showed the range from 3.1 to 28 nGy h⁻¹, which is below the world median of average values (57 nGy h⁻¹). The effective dose rate in the range from 3.8 to 34.4 μSv y⁻¹ was significantly below the recommended limit value for the public (1 mSv y⁻¹). The highest dose rate was found for the Velika Plaza locality, which also showed heavy metal contents (As, B, Cd, Hg, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Ba) significantly higher than in the sand from Jaz, a locality with one of the lowest dose rates.
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