Over the last few decades, wheat production, both in Serbia and worldwide, has been practiced under characteristic agrometeorological conditions. It has generally been affected by specific strongly ...marked agrometeorological and climate extremes, most notably extreme temperature and drought events during critical periods in the growing season, which mostly had a negative impact on the growth, development and yield of wheat in Central Serbia.This paper presents results and discussion on both the potential effect of climate change on winter wheat yield and the possibility to alleviate it through an appropriately adjusted fertilization system.The present study on the effect of different rates and ratios of NPK fertilizers on grain yield in seven winter wheat cultivars under different (dry and “normal“) conditions during the year was conducted in a long-term field experiment at the Small Grains Research Centre in Kragujevac over a period of seven years (2000/01-2006/07).Depending on the fertilization treatment, the average yield reduction in dry years showed 50% variation relative to “normal” years. The highest reduction in grain yield and other productive traits of wheat in dry years was observed in the treatment involving nitrogen nutrition, particularly lower application rates. As compared to the non-treated control, the use of complete NPK fertilization having an increased amount of phosphorus resulted in the lowest yield reduction during the dry years that were unfavorable for winter wheat production. The average grain yield reduction in dry years was lowest in wheat cultivar Matica and highest in Kg-100, respectively.
Purpose : To examine the assumed association of war and the development of rehabilitation through a review of the pertinent literature. Methods : Search in the Medline databases from 1942 - 2002 for ...papers that described the impact of war on rehabilitation services and their practice, and the study of the relevant identified reports. The following search terms were used: history of rehabilitation, medicine and war, rehabilitation and war, rehabilitation of war casualties. Results : In WWI physical and occupational therapy became adjuncts in the treatment of military orthopaedic casualties, artificial limb services were set-up and workshops and factories for vocational rehabilitation were created. During WWII further developments occurred, mainly in the field of amputation of limbs and spinal cord injuries. Additional advances took place in all armed conflicts after WWII, particularly in the field of brain injury. Conclusion : The literature review indicates that the assumed association of rehabilitation and war is correct. Rehabilitation services have developed partly in association with war and the experience of rehabilitating war casualties supplied valuable principles and practices to rehabilitation medicine enriching the specialty and contributing to the health care systems of the involved countries.
Sources of rehabilitation medicine, the need for rehabilitation and its practice in Croatia were studied, based on available data. The study revealed that current practice has advanced since the ...country's independence, but that there are many shortcomings; adequate care is not provided to all who could benefit from it, and there is wastage of resources.
Purpose. To describe the framework for medical rehabilitation in Croatia and to discuss its influence on the practice of the specialty.
Methods. Collection, analysis and interpretation of data ...pertaining to the need for medical rehabilitation in the country and to its elements of structure, process and outcome of care.
Results. The practice of medical rehabilitation in Croatia has evolved without strategic planning on the national level and therefore without a designed system. This lack in the present framework causes shortcomings in all three elements of rehabilitation care and impedes the advancement of the specialty.
Conclusion. Medical rehabilitation in Croatia needs a national strategic plan for a three-level system that incorporates inpatient, outpatient and community-based rehabilitation.
Low back pain (LBP) is a very common condition with high costs of patient care. Medical doctors of various specialties from Croatia have brought an up-to-date review and guidelines for diagnosis and ...conservative treatment of low back pain, which should result in the application of evidence-based care and eventually better outcomes. As LBP is a multifactorial disease, it is often not possible to identify which factors may be responsible for the onset of LBP and to what extent they aggravate the patient's symptoms. In the diagnostic algorithm, patient's history and clinical examination have the key role. Furthermore, most important is to classify patients into those with nonspecific back pain, LBP associated with radiculopathy (radicular syndrome) and LBP potentially associated with suspected or confirmed severe pathology. Not solely a physical problem, LBP should be considered through psychosocial factors too. In that case, early identification of patients who will develop chronic back pain will be helpful because it determines the choice of treatment. In order to make proper assessment of a patient with LBP (i.e. pain, function), we should use validated questionnaires. Useful approach to a patient with LBP is to apply the principles of content management. Generally, acute and chronic LBP cases are treated differently. Besides providing education, in patients with acute back pain, advice seems to be crucial (especially to remain active), along with the use of drugs (primarily in terms of pain control), while in some patients spinal manipulation (performed by educated professional) or/and short-term use of lumbosacral orthotic devices can also be considered. The main goal of treating patients with chronic LBP is renewal of function, even in case of persistent pain. For chronic LBP, along with education and medical treatment, therapeutic exercise, physical therapy and massage are recommended, while in patients with a high level of disability intensive multidisciplinary biopsychosocial approach has proved to be effective.
Spinalna bol, a napose kronična križobolja jedan je od najvažnijih zdravstvenih i javnozdravstvenih problema. Bolje razumijevanje patofiziologije boli i preciznija vizualizacija primjenom suvremenih ...slikovnih metoda pomažu nam u usmjeravanju terapije i postizanju boljeg ishoda. U većine pacijenata s vertebrološkom problematikom simptomi se smanjuju, a funkcija oporavlja primjenom metoda neoperativnog liječenja. U ovom radu izvješćuje se o novostima u patofiziologiji spinalne boli, dijagnostičkim mogućnostima magnetske rezonancije i mogućnostima konzervativnog liječenja (lijekovi, terapijske vježbe, fizikalna terapija, ortoze) u bolnim stanjima kralježnice i u skoliozama. Osim što je informativan, zajedno s člankom o novostima u invazivnom/operativnom liječenju, ovaj tematski članak može pomoći u pristupu bolesnicima s tim stanjima.
Spinal pain, especially chronic low-back pain is one of the most prominent health and healthcare problems. Better understanding of pain pathophysiology and more precise visualization using modern ...imaging techniques help us to focus our intervention and obtain better outcome. In most patients with spine conditions symptoms and function resolve with conservative treatment. In this article we report on novelties in pathophysiology of spinal pain, magnetic resonance imaging and conservative treatment options (medications, therapeutic exercise, physical therapy and orthoses) of painful spine conditions and scoliosis. Apart from being informative, together with the corresponding article about novelties in invasive/surgical treatment, this special focus article on recent developments in this area can be used as an aid in decision making when approaching these patients.
Proximal diaphyseal stress fractures of the fifth metatarsal are common in athletes. Conservative treatment has been shown to result in high rates of delayed union, nonunion, and refracture, so ...internal fixation has become the treatment of choice in competitive athletes.
Twenty top-level athletes with diaphyseal stress fractures fixed with intramedullary malleolar screws were evaluated. Functional outcome was assessed by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society midfoot score. Static and dynamic maximum vertical force and peak plantar pressures were evaluated with a computerized pedobarograph.
Mean follow-up from surgery to interview was 10.3 years (range, 3.5-19.0 years). Clinical healing was 95%, and there has been one refracture (5%). The mean time from surgery to return to sport was 9 weeks (range, 5-14 weeks). Twelve athletes (60%) returned to a higher level of training, 7 (35%) to the same level, and 1 (5%) to a lower level compared with the level of training before injury. Average American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society midfoot score was 93.8 (range, 85-100). During the computerized pedobarographic evaluations, 18 patients (90%) presented with varus of the metatarsus and the midfoot and 2 (10%) presented with a normal plantigrade foot.
Intramedullary malleolar screws can yield reliable and effective healing of fifth metatarsal stress fractures in athletes. Varus of the metatarsus and the midfoot were predisposing factors for stress fractures in this population of competitive athletes, and all were recommended to wear orthoses until their competitive careers were completed.
Development of mini invasive techniques for implantation of unicondylar knee prostheses has increased general interest in this type of surgery. Indications are single compartment arthrosis, patients ...over 50 years of age with total body weight of less then 80 kg with small axis deviations and ligaments preserved. Important contraindications are systemic diseases. Authors present mid-term postoperative results for 25 patients and 26 knees after implantation of unicondylar knee prosthesis type Repicci. Average age at time of surgery was 64.3, predominantly women and in all patients varus deformity with medial compartment arthrosis was seen. According to the Ahlback classification patients were from type 1 to type 4. Average follow up was 31.8 months. We achieved good axial correction with femorotibial angle of 6.2 degrees postoperatively, with flexion of 118 degrees and only in 3 knees extension lag was seen of an average of 8.3 degrees. According to the Knee Society Questionnaire, knee score was 60 points preoperatively and 86.8 points postoperatively and functional score was 30.9 points preoperatively and 71.1 points postoperatively. Pain level, according to the Visual Analogue Scale, was preoperatively 6.8 points and 2 points postoperatively (10 was max). We conclude that the unicondylar knee arthroplasty is a good solution for patients with early degenerative changes in one knee compartment. This type of operative procedure will be more used because of numerous advantages when compared to other treatment options.
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