Abstract Purpose We investigated structural hypertrophy and functional hyperfiltration as compensatory adaptations after radical nephrectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma according to the ...preoperative chronic kidney disease stage. Materials and methods We retrospectively identified 543 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma between 1997 and 2012. Patients were classified according to preoperative glomerular filtration rate as no chronic kidney disease—glomerular filtration rate 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 or greater (230, 42.4%), chronic kidney disease stage II—glomerular filtration rate 60 to less than 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 (227, 41.8%), and chronic kidney disease stage III—glomerular filtration rate 30 to less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (86, 15.8%). Computerized tomography performed within 2 months before surgery and 1 year after surgery was used to assess functional renal volume for measuring the degree of hypertrophy of the remnant kidney, and the preoperative and postoperative glomerular filtration rate per unit volume of functional renal volume was used to calculate the degree of hyperfiltration. Results Among all patients (mean age = 56.0 y) mean preoperative glomerular filtration rate, functional renal volume, and glomerular filtration rate/functional renal volume were 83.2 ml/min/1.73 m2 , 340.6 cm3 , and 0.25 ml/min/1.73 m2 /cm3 , respectively. The percent reduction in glomerular filtration rate was statistically significant according to chronic kidney disease stage (no chronic kidney disease 31.2% vs. stage II 26.5% vs. stage III 12.8%, P <0.001). However, the degree of hypertrophic functional renal volume in the remnant kidney was not statistically significant (no chronic kidney disease 18.5% vs. stage II 17.3% vs. stage III 16.5%, P = 0.250). The change in glomerular filtration rate/functional renal volume was statistically significant (no chronic kidney disease 18.5% vs. stage II 20.1% vs. stage III 45.9%, P <0.001). Factors that increased glomerular filtration rate/functional renal volume above the mean value were body mass index ( P = 0.012), diabetes mellitus ( P = 0.023), hypertension ( P = 0.015), and chronic kidney disease stage ( P <0.001). Conclusions Patients with a lower preoperative glomerular filtration rate had a smaller reduction in postoperative renal function than those with a higher preoperative glomerular filtration rate due to greater degrees of functional hyperfiltration.
Large Area Light Detectors With MMC Readouts Kim, M. B.; Chung, J. S.; Jeon, J. A. ...
IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity,
08/2023, Letnik:
33, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We present the development of the light detectors with magnetic microcalorimeter (MMC) readouts designed for the AMoRE neutrinoless double beta decay experiment. The detectors are composed of Ge or ...Si wafer as an absorber for scintillation light and an MMC detector to monitor the temperature of the wafer. Five measurements were carried out with one Ge wafer and four Si wafers prepared under various conditions. Different details of the light detector assembly have been tested to find the optimal configuration for the future AMoRE-II experiment. Direct comparisons in signal size were performed with the different wafers while considering favorable conditions for the future AMoRE setup. Moreover, a baseline resolution of 34.3 eV FWHM was obtained in a detector setup with a 2-inch Si wafer.
Cisplatin is a widely used anticancer drug that provokes various side effects. Nephrotoxicity is one of the well-known major side effects in the chemotherapeutic use of cisplatin. Reactive oxygen ...species (ROS) and p53 play important roles in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known to be sensitively activated by ROS and can directly activate p53. The present study investigated the role of AMPK on cisplatin-induced apoptosis in rat renal epithelial NRK-52E cells.
NRK-52E cells were treated with cisplatin in the absence or presence of specific ROS scavenger and AMPK inhibitor for indicated times under the serum-free condition. The expression and phosphorylation levels of proteins were evaluated by Western blot and densitometry analysis.
Cisplatin induced apoptotic cell death through ROS-mediated p53 activation, which is associated with AMPK activation. AMPK inhibitor suppressed cisplatin-induced p53 activation, as well as AMPK activation. Interestingly, ROS scavenger also diminished cisplatin-induced p53 activation and AMPK activation. Furthermore, cisplatin induced phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), which attenuated p53 activation, but did not affect the expression levels of total p53, cleaved caspase-3 and PARP. Meanwhile, inhibition of AMPK induced premature phosphorylation of eIF2α in cisplatin-treated cells.
Taken together, these suggest that AMPK may be required for activation of p53 by oxidative stress in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Moreover, eIF2α phosphorylation may interrupt the AMPK-activated p53 in NRK-52E cells exposed to cisplatin, but does not critically affect cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity because AMPK activation can be disrupted eIF2α phosphorylation.
We present the development of a heat flow model utilizing a scintillating crystal for heat and light detection. By analyzing the measured light signals from
α
- and
β
/
γ
-induced events in a CaMoO
4
...crystal, we describe the time-dependent behavior of the scintillation emission and the subsequent generation of delayed phonons in the crystal. The phonon detection channel model incorporates both prompt and delayed generation of athermal phonons; these are absorbed in a phonon collector film on the crystal surface or converted into a thermal phonon distribution in the crystal. A reasonable agreement is observed in the comparison between the measured signals and the simulated signals derived from the model study. We attribute the observed pulse shape discrimination to the presence of the delayed phonons associated with the scintillation process.
Indoxyl sulfate (IS) has been reported to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in tubular cells and to inhibit the cell proliferation via ER stress and ERK/IL-6/p21 pathways. This study has ...investigated the effect of apigenin on IS-induced ER stress in immortalized human renal proximal tubular HK-2 cells.
Human Kidney 2 (HK-2) cells were treated with IS (5 mM) in the absence or presence of apigenin (10 μM) or salubrinal (20 μM) for indicated times under the serum-free condition. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. The levels of protein expression and phosphorylation were evaluated by Western blot analysis.
In HK-2 cells, apigenin completely inhibited IS-induced ER stress, as indicated by decreased expression of CHOP, ATF4 and GRP78, although the phosphorylated level of eIF2α did not decrease. IS-induced expression levels of IL-6 and p21 proteins were also inhibited by apigenin, with no significant changes in ERK activation. The suppression of cell proliferation by IS was abolished by salubrinal, an ER stress inhibitor, but not by apigenin. Apigenin inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β in IS-treated HK-2 cells. The phosphorylation of GSK-3β, which was inhibited by apigenin, resulted in hypo-phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, which was associated with the decrease in cyclin D1 expression.
These results suggest that apigenin may inhibit IS-induced ER stress and expression of IL-6 and p21 proteins in HK-2 cells. It is most likely that apigenin, together with its inhibitory effect on ER stress, may also suppress the cell growth by inducing the loss of Rb phosphorylation, which was associated with the decrease in cyclin D1 expression by GSK-3β activation through the inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway.
Abiotic reduction of 0.1 mM U(VI) by Fe(II) in the presence of synthetic iron oxides (biogenic magnetite, goethite, and hematite) and natural Fe(III) oxide-containing solids was investigated in pH ...6.8 artificial groundwater containing 10 mM NaHCO3. In most experiments, more than 95% of added U(VI) was sorbed to solids. U(VI) was rapidly and extensively (≥80%) reduced in the presence of synthetic Fe(III) oxides and highly Fe(III) oxide-enriched (18−35 wt % Fe) Atlantic coastal plain sediments. In contrast, long-term (20−60 d) U(VI) reduction was less than 30% in suspensions of six other natural solids with relatively low Fe(III) oxide content (1−5 wt % Fe). Fe(II) sorption site density was severalfold lower on these natural solids (0.2−1.1 Fe(II) nm-2) compared to the synthetic Fe(III) oxides (1.6−3.2 Fe(II) nm-2), which may explain the poor U(VI) reduction in the natural solid-containing systems. Addition of the reduced form of the electron shuttling compound anthrahydroquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AH2DS; final concentra tion 2.5 mM) to the natural solid suspensions enhanced the rate and extent of U(VI) reduction, suggesting that AH2DS reduced U(VI) at surface sites where reaction of U(VI) with sorbed Fe(II) was limited. This study demonstrates that abiotic, Fe(II)-driven U(VI) reduction is likely to be less efficient in natural soils and sediments than would be inferred from studies with synthetic Fe(III) oxides.
We present a search for low-mass (< or = 20 GeV /c super(2)) weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), strong candidates of dark matter particles, using the low-background CsI(Tl) detector array ...of the Korea Invisible Mass Search experiment. With a total data exposure of 24,524.3 kg days, we search for WIMP interaction signals produced by nuclei recoiling from WIMP-nuclear elastic scattering with visible energies between 2 and 4 keVee (electron-equivalent energy). The observed energy distribution of candidate events is consistent with null signals, and upper limits of the WIMP-proton spin-independent interaction are set with a 90% confidence level. The observed limit covers most of the low-mass region of parameter space favored by the DAMA annual modulation signal assuming the standard halo model.
We report a detector model study for light detectors having Ge and Si wafers as absorbers with a metallic magnetic calorimeter (MMC) readout. The model explains the heat flow processes between the ...thermal components in the detector system, including athermal and thermal phonon transfers and electronic heat diffusion. The temperature dependence of the thermal conductance values was in good agreement with their expectations. The analysis also resulted in finding the characteristic time constants of the athermal phonons for direct absorption in the phonon collector film and for the downconversion to thermal phonons of the absorber wafers. It is a complete detector model to be applied for various detector variations such as the type and dimensions of the wafer absorber.
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