Highlights
Enhancement of UV photoresponse by the incorporation of various plasmonic nanoparticles in the detector architecture.
Detailed explanation for the photocurrent enhancement mechanism by the ...finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulation and strong plasmon absorption.
Systematic comparison and demonstration of the superior photoresponse of homogeneously alloyed AgAu nanoparticles as compared to the monometallic nanoparticles.
Very small metallic nanostructures, i.e., plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs), can demonstrate the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect, a characteristic of the strong light absorption, scattering and localized electromagnetic field via the collective oscillation of surface electrons upon on the excitation by the incident photons. The LSPR of plasmonic NPs can significantly improve the photoresponse of the photodetectors. In this work, significantly enhanced photoresponse of UV photodetectors is demonstrated by the incorporation of various plasmonic NPs in the detector architecture. Various size and elemental composition of monometallic Ag and Au NPs, as well as bimetallic alloy AgAu NPs, are fabricated on GaN (0001) by the solid-state dewetting approach. The photoresponse of various NPs are tailored based on the geometric and elemental evolution of NPs, resulting in the highly enhanced photoresponsivity of 112 A W
−1
, detectivity of 2.4 × 10
12
Jones and external quantum efficiency of 3.6 × 10
4
% with the high Ag percentage of AgAu alloy NPs at a low bias of 0.1 V. The AgAu alloy NP detector also demonstrates a fast photoresponse with the relatively short rise and fall time of less than 160 and 630 ms, respectively. The improved photoresponse with the AgAu alloy NPs is correlated with the simultaneous effect of strong plasmon absorption and scattering, increased injection of hot electrons into the GaN conduction band and reduced barrier height at the alloy NPs/GaN interface.
Purpose The purposes of this study were to evaluate regeneration of the articular cartilage after medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy for knees with medial-compartment osteoarthritis and to ...assess the clinical outcome and cartilage regeneration according to the postoperative limb alignment at 2 years postoperatively. Methods The study involved 159 knees in 159 patients. For evaluation of cartilage degeneration, the International Cartilage Repair Society grading system was used for arthroscopic grading on initial arthroscopy during high tibial osteotomy. The patients underwent a second-look arthroscopic evaluation of the articular cartilage at the time of removal of the plate, an average of 2 years after the initial osteotomy. For evaluation of cartilage regeneration, the articular cartilage was classified into 2 stages as no regenerative change (grade 1) or white scattering with fibrocartilage, partial coverage with fibrocartilage, or even coverage with fibrocartilage (grade 2) on second-look arthroscopy. Maturation of the cartilage regeneration was defined as even coverage with fibrocartilage. “Immaturation” of the cartilage regeneration was defined as white scattering with fibrocartilage or partial coverage with fibrocartilage. Clinical evaluations were performed by use of Knee Society scores preoperatively and at 2 years postoperatively. We divided the knees into 3 groups according to the postoperative limb alignment. Group A comprised knees with a mechanical tibiofemoral angle of 0° or less. Group B comprised knees with a mechanical tibiofemoral angle greater than 0° and less than 6°. Group C comprised knees with a mechanical tibiofemoral angle of 6° or greater. Results Grade 2 regeneration was achieved in the medial femoral condyle articular cartilage in 92% of knees and in the medial tibial plateau articular cartilage in 69% of knees. Maturation of the cartilage regeneration was found in the medial femoral condyle articular cartilage in 4% of knees and in the medial tibial plateau articular cartilage in 1% of knees. At follow-up, no significant differences were seen between clinical outcomes and initial cartilage degeneration ( P = .338) or cartilage regeneration ( P = .699). Regeneration of the medial femoral condyle articular cartilage was found in 75% of group A knees, 95% of group B knees, and 92% of group C knees. Significant differences were seen between cartilage regeneration and clinical outcomes ( P = .001), as well as postoperative limb alignment ( P = .018). Clinical and regeneration results were better in group B than in groups A and C. Conclusions The degenerated cartilage of the medial femoral condyle and medial tibial plateau could be partially or entirely covered by newly regenerated cartilage at 2 years after adequate correction of varus deformity by medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy without cartilage regeneration strategies. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic case series.
Abstract
Yarn supercapacitors have attracted renewed interest as promising energy storage for wearable devices due to their lightweight, long cycling lifetime and excellent weavability. There has ...been much effort to fabricate high performance yarn supercapacitor by depositing pseudo-capacitive materials on the outer surface of the carbon fibers. However, a key challenge still remains to achieve high capacitance and high mass loading without sacrificing the cycling stability. Herein, we perform a phase-controlled of MnO
2
at various deposition temperatures with ultrahigh mass loading of 11 mg/cm
2
on a MWNT sheets and fabricate it to yarn structure to achieve high capacitance without decreasing in the electrochemical performance. The structure of optimized sample (MnO
2
/CNTs-60, deposition at 60 °C) consists of the composite of primary α-MnO
2
nanosheets and secondary γ-MnO
2
nanoparticles. The heteronanostructures of MnO
2
provide facile ionic and electric transport in the yarn electrode, resulting in improvement of electrochemical performance and cycling stability. The MnO
2
/CNTs-60 yarn electrode with ultrahigh mass loading delivers a high areal capacitance of 3.54 F/cm
2
at 1 mA/cm
2
and an excellent rate capability. Finally, the MnO
2
/CNTs-60 device exhibits an outstanding high areal energy density of 93.8 μWh/cm
2
at the power density of 193 μW/cm
2
, which is superior to previously reported symmetric yarn supercapacitors.
We aimed to analyze the CT findings of ground-glass opacity nodules diagnosed pathologically as adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and invasive adenocarcinoma in ...order to investigate whether quantitative CT parameters enable distinction of invasive adenocarcinoma from pre-invasive or minimally invasive adenocarcinoma.
We reviewed CT images and pathologic specimens from 191 resected ground-glass opacity nodules with little or no solid component at CT. Nodule size, volume, density, mass, skewness/kurtosis, and CT attenuation values at the 2.5th-97.5th percentiles on histogram, and texture parameters (uniformity and entropy) were assessed from CT datasets.
Of 191 tumors, 38 were AISs (20%), 61 were MIAs (32%), and 92 (48%) were invasive adenocarcinomas. Multivariate logistic regression analysis helped identify the 75th percentile CT attenuation value (P = 0.04) and entropy (P<0.01) as independent predictors for invasive adenocarcinoma, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.780.
Quantitative analysis of preoperative CT imaging metrics can help distinguish invasive adenocarcinoma from pre-invasive or minimally invasive adenocarcinoma.
Development of advanced electrocatalysts for the green hydrogen production by water electrolysis is an important task to reduce the climate and environmental issues as well as to meet the future ...energy demands. Herein, Ru/Ni‐B‐P sphere electrocatalyst is demonstrated by a combination of hydrothermal and soaking approaches, meeting the industrial requirement of low cell voltage with stable high‐current operation. The Ru/Ni‐B‐P sphere catalyst demonstrates low overpotentials of 191 and 350 mV at 300 mA cm−2 with stable high current operation, ranking it as one of the best oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. The bifunctional 2‐E system demonstrates a low cell voltage of 2.49 V at 2000 mA cm−2 in 6 m KOH at 60 °C of harsh industrial operation condition. It also demonstrates outstanding stability with continuous 120 h (5 days) CA operation at 1000 mA cm−2. Further, the hybrid configuration of Ru/Ni‐B‐P || Pt/C being paired with the conventional benchmark electrode demonstrates a record low 2‐E cell voltage of 2.40 V at 2000 mA cm−2 in 6 m KOH and excellent stability at high current of 1500 mA cm−2 under industrial operational condition.
Bifunctional (Ru/Ni‐B‐P ‖ Ru/Ni‐B‐P) sphere electrodes demonstrate better water‐splitting performance of 2.76 V over the benchmark electrode system (Pt/C ‖ RuO2) of 2.76 V at 2000 mA cm−2. Hybrid system (Pt/C ‖ Ru/Ni‐B‐P) demonstrates a record‐low 2‐E cell voltage of 2.64 V at 2000 mA cm−2. Bifunctional Ru/Ni‐B‐P system demonstrates outstanding stability of continues 120 h (5 days) CA operation at 1000 mA cm−2.
•Investigated the electroplasticity of an Al alloy under a pulsed electric current.•The same electric energy densities induced identical mechanical responses.•The formability of the Al alloy was ...significantly improved.•An expression for the contour of electroplastic stress–strain curve was suggested.
The electroplasticity of an aluminum 5052-H32 alloy under a pulsed electric current is investigated experimentally. A pulsed electric current is applied to a specimen simultaneously with a quasi-static uniaxial tensile load. The experimental result shows a ratchet shape stress–strain curve under a pulsed electric current. The formability of the selected aluminum alloy is significantly improved at near room temperature depending on the electric pulse parameters. An empirical expression to describe the upper boundary of the ratchet shape stress–strain curve of the aluminum alloy under a pulsed electric current is suggested. Two electroplastic coefficients are used in the suggested empirical expression: one is a material constant and the other accounts for the effects of the electric energy density and the electric pulse period. The result of the present study is expected to provide a basis to develop sheet metal forming processes using electroplasticity.
The need for thin and lightweight electromagnetic interference shielding materials is rapidly increasing in several industries, such as aerospace and telecommunication. This research finds that a ...shielding material, which is developed by the orthogonal pattern of spinnable multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), is ultra-light weight, thin, and has a high shielding effectiveness (SE). An orthogonal pattern, generated by just alignment of the spinnable MWNTs without adding any support materials such as polymers, ceramics, and magnets demonstrates that it is possible to efficiently attenuate electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the X-band frequency range (8.2–12.4 GHz). EMI SE in the developed shielding material is about 19.2 dB with a specific shielding effectiveness (SSE)/t (thickness) value of 73,633 dB cm2 g−1 at a thickness of about 4.48 μm. In addition, absorption effectiveness in this shielding material is as high as 96.3%, which provides excellent ability to reduce the secondary damage by reflection.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to perform a retrospective clinical and radiographic evaluation after opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) using a short spacer plate (Aescula; B. Braun ...Korea, Seoul, South Korea) and rigid long plate (TomoFix plate; Mathys, Bettlach, Switzerland) at follow-up 2 years postoperatively. Methods We performed 94 opening-wedge HTOs with the Aescula plate (group I) and 92 HTOs with the TomoFix plate (group II). Patients underwent clinical and radiographic evaluations preoperatively and at 2 years postoperatively. Clinical evaluations were performed with Knee Society scores. Radiographic analysis included the mechanical tibiofemoral angle (mTFA) and the slope of the tibia angle with preoperative and postoperative full weight–bearing anteroposterior whole-leg views, as well as anteroposterior, lateral, and Merchant views of the knee. We measured the mTFA. In addition, we evaluated the complications in each group. The follow-up period was 2 years. Results At follow-up 2 years postoperatively, we observed an overall complication rate of 38% in group I and 26% in group II ( P = .083). We found plate-related complication rates of 20% in group I and 9% in group II ( P = .039). Plate-related complications included loss of correction, fracture of the tibial plateau, screw failure, malunion, and fracture of the lateral cortical bone. The mean mTFA was −6.0° ± 3.2° in group I and −4.6° ± 2.8° in group II preoperatively ( P = .262). The mean mTFA was 1.0° ± 3.1° in group I and 1.5° ± 2.3° in group II at the latest follow-up ( P = .034). In group I, the mean Knee Society knee score and function score were 60.0 ± 12.9 and 57.9 ± 26.8, respectively, preoperatively. They improved to 92.1 ± 8.1 and 89.0 ± 15.1, respectively, at follow-up ( P = .001 and P = .001, respectively). In group II, the mean Knee Society knee score and function score were 57.5 ± 14.8 and 57.4 ± 22.1, respectively, preoperatively. They improved to 95.5 ± 5.4 and 95.0 ± 7.6, respectively, at follow-up ( P = .001 and P = .001, respectively). In addition, the mean postoperative knee score and function score in group II were higher than those in group I ( P = .001 and P = .001, respectively). Conclusions We have shown a high plate-related complication rate and a significant loss of correction during a short-term follow-up period (2 years) after opening-wedge HTO using the new short spacer HTO plate compared with the rigid long plate. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic case series.
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•OER overpotential of 360 mV at 300 mA/cm2 compared to 460 mV of RuO2 benchmark.•Super-low 2-E potentials of 2.72 V at 2,000 mA/cm2 in 6 M KOH by Pt/C ‖ NiBP.•World-best ...neutral-solution performance of 1.54 V in 1 M PBS.•Excellent durability for 120-hr operation in 6 M KOH at 60 °C.
To satisfy the global energy demands and deal with the climate crisis, it is necessary to develop an advanced alternative electrocatalyst for hydrogen generation by water electrolysis, which meets the industrial operational requirements. Herein, the nickel-boride-phosphide (Ni-B-P) micro spheres are fabricated by a hydrothermal approach and significantly improved OER/HER catalytic activities are demonstrated through optimizations of various synthesis parameters. The Ni-B-P sphere electrode demonstrates significantly higher OER performance over the RuO2 benchmark electrode due to the improved charge transfer capacity and large ECSA with the micro spherical morphology and excellent stability and corrosion resistance. The Ni-B-P micro spheres demonstrate the OER overpotential of 360 mV at 300 mA/cm2 as compared to 460 mV of RuO2 benchmark. The bifunctional Ni-B-P sphere electrode readily reaches the high current of 2,000 mA/cm2 with 3.62 and 3.42 V in 1 M and 6 M KOH and demonstrates excellent durability for over 5 days (120-hr) of continuous operation at the high alkaline concentration at elevated temperature, meeting the industrial operation requirement. In addition, coupling with Pt/C (Pt/C ‖ Ni-B-P), the hybrid configuration demonstrates super-low cell voltages of 2.89 and 2.72 V at 2,000 mA/cm2 in 1 M and 6 M KOH with the superior stability, indicating the feasibility of commercial OER application.
Background
Sarcopenia has been underscored as a significant predictor of poor prognosis in cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy with programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors. We aimed to investigate ...the prognostic significance of computed tomography (CT)-determined sarcopenia in patients with microsatellite-stable (MSS) gastric cancer (GC) treated with PD-1 inhibitors.
Methods
We retrospectively assessed patients with MSS GC who had been treated with PD-1 inhibitors from March 2016 to June 2019. Pre-treatment sarcopenic status was determined by analyzing L3 skeletal muscle index with abdominal CT. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the differences in survival probability according to sarcopenic status were compared using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of PFS and OS.
Results
Of 149 patients with MSS GC (mean age, 57.0 ± 12.3 years; 93 men), 79 (53.0%) had sarcopenia. Patients with sarcopenia had significantly shorter PFS than patients without sarcopenia (median, 1.4 months vs. 2.6 months;
P
= 0.026). Sarcopenia was independently associated with shorter PFS (adjusted hazard ratio HR, 1.79; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.10−2.93;
P
= 0.020). Patients with sarcopenia had shorter OS than patients without sarcopenia (median, 3.6 months vs. 4.9 months;
P
= 0.052), but sarcopenia itself was not a significant prognostic factor for OS (adjusted HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.58−1.75;
P
= 0.974).
Conclusions
CT-determined sarcopenia is an independent prognostic factor for PFS in patients with MSS GC treated with PD-1 inhibitors.
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