Abstract
Background
Most research on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants focuses on initial symptomatology with limited longer-term data. We characterized ...prevalences of prolonged symptoms 3 months post–SARS-CoV-2 infection across 3 variant time-periods (pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron).
Methods
This multicenter prospective cohort study of adults with acute illness tested for SARS-CoV-2 compared fatigue severity, fatigue symptoms, organ system–based symptoms, and ≥3 symptoms across variants among participants with a positive (“COVID-positive”) or negative SARS-CoV-2 test (“COVID-negative”) at 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 testing. Variant periods were defined by dates with ≥50% dominant strain. We performed multivariable logistic regression modeling to estimate independent effects of variants adjusting for sociodemographics, baseline health, and vaccine status.
Results
The study included 2402 COVID-positive and 821 COVID-negative participants. Among COVID-positives, 463 (19.3%) were pre-Delta, 1198 (49.9%) Delta, and 741 (30.8%) Omicron. The pre-Delta COVID-positive cohort exhibited more prolonged severe fatigue (16.7% vs 11.5% vs 12.3%; P = .017) and presence of ≥3 prolonged symptoms (28.4% vs 21.7% vs 16.0%; P < .001) compared with the Delta and Omicron cohorts. No differences were seen in the COVID-negatives across time-periods. In multivariable models adjusted for vaccination, severe fatigue and odds of having ≥3 symptoms were no longer significant across variants.
Conclusions
Prolonged symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection were more common among participants infected during pre-Delta than with Delta and Omicron; however, these differences were no longer significant after adjusting for vaccination status, suggesting a beneficial effect of vaccination on risk of long-term symptoms.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04610515.
This prospective study including 2402 SARS-CoV-2–positive participants noted more severe fatigue and ≥3 symptoms at 3 months after acute illness in the pre-Delta cohort compared with Delta and Omicron. However, this was no longer significant after accounting for vaccination status.
Abstract
Background
While prior work examining severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern focused on hospitalization and death, less is known about differences ...in clinical presentation. We compared the prevalence of acute symptoms across pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron.
Methods
We conducted an analysis of the Innovative Support for Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infections Registry (INSPIRE), a cohort study enrolling symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive participants. We determined the association between the pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron time periods and the prevalence of 21 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute symptoms.
Results
We enrolled 4113 participants from December 2020 to June 2022. Pre-Delta vs Delta vs Omicron participants had increasing sore throat (40.9%, 54.6%, 70.6%; P < .001), cough (50.9%, 63.3%, 66.7%; P < .001), and runny noses (48.9%, 71.3%, 72.9%; P < .001). We observed reductions during Omicron in chest pain (31.1%, 24.2%, 20.9%; P < .001), shortness of breath (42.7%, 29.5%, 27.5%; P < .001), loss of taste (47.1%, 61.8%, 19.2%; P < .001), and loss of smell (47.5%, 55.6%, 20.0%; P < .001). After adjustment, those infected during Omicron had significantly higher odds of sore throat vs pre-Delta (odds ratio OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 2.26–3.35) and Delta (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.69–2.28).
Conclusions
Participants infected during Omicron were more likely to report symptoms of common respiratory viruses, such as sore throat, and less likely to report loss of smell and taste.
Trial registration
NCT04610515.
Abstract
Background
The prevalence, incidence, and interrelationships of persistent symptoms after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection vary. There are limited data ...on specific phenotypes of persistent symptoms. Using latent class analysis (LCA) modeling, we sought to identify whether specific phenotypes of COVID-19 were present 3 months and 6 months post-infection.
Methods
This was a multicenter study of symptomatic adults tested for SARS-CoV-2 with prospectively collected data on general symptoms and fatigue-related symptoms up to 6 months postdiagnosis. Using LCA, we identified symptomatically homogenous groups among COVID-positive and COVID-negative participants at each time period for both general and fatigue-related symptoms.
Results
Among 5963 baseline participants (4504 COVID-positive and 1459 COVID-negative), 4056 had 3-month and 2856 had 6-month data at the time of analysis. We identified 4 distinct phenotypes of post-COVID conditions (PCCs) at 3 and 6 months for both general and fatigue-related symptoms; minimal-symptom groups represented 70% of participants at 3 and 6 months. When compared with the COVID-negative cohort, COVID-positive participants had higher occurrence of loss of taste/smell and cognition problems. There was substantial class-switching over time; those in 1 symptom class at 3 months were equally likely to remain or enter a new phenotype at 6 months.
Conclusions
We identified distinct classes of PCC phenotypes for general and fatigue-related symptoms. Most participants had minimal or no symptoms at 3 and 6 months of follow-up. Significant proportions of participants changed symptom groups over time, suggesting that symptoms present during the acute illness may differ from prolonged symptoms and that PCCs may have a more dynamic nature than previously recognized.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04610515.
This prospective study of 5963 participants identified 4 distinct phenotypes of post-COVID conditions at 3 and 6 months for both general and fatigue-related symptoms, with substantial class-switching over time. This suggests a more dynamic nature to post-COVID conditions than previously recognized.
To evaluate a newly introduced high resolution linear transducer for vascularization and mural perfusion assessment using contrast harmonic imaging (CHI) with quantitative time intensity curve ...analysis (TIC) in patients with active Crohn's disease (CD).
We prospectively evaluated 14 consecutive patients (7 women, 7 males, age range 19-42 years, median 28 years) with histologically proven CD having an acute episode of the disease applying contrast enhanced MRI and high resolution ultrasound. For the ultrasound we used a newly introduced high resolution linear multi-frequency transducer (6-9 MHz, Logiq 9, GE). Ultrasound was performed by an experienced radiologist applying color coded Doppler sonography (CCDS), power Doppler (PD) and contrast enhanced CHI using the 'true agent detection mode'. Additionally, 5 healthy volunteers were examined by ultrasound applying CCDS, PD and CHI. After the injection of 2.4 ml ultrasound contrast agent (SonoVue) the dynamic CHI cine sequences were recorded as digital raw data for 60 seconds. Therefore we were able to perform a quantitative perfusion analysis using TIC retrospectively. CCDS, PD and CHI with TIC were compared and analyzed.
In all 14 patients MRI showed inflammatory changes in the terminal or pre-terminal ileum. Using PD and CCDS enlarged vessels surrounding the bowel wall were visualized in all patients. PD as well as CCDS diagnosed just in 9 of 14 patients augmented mural vessels. Having CHI with TIC increased mural contrast enhancement was diagnosed in all 14 patients. Patients with CD showed a maximum enhancement 36 s after injection with 9 dB (range 5.9-13.2 dB), while healthy volunteers reached the maximum level of 2.8 dB (range 2-3.8 dB) after 23 s (p<0.05).
Using high resolution linear transducer mural perfusion changes in active Crohn's disease can be appreciated applying CHI with TIC. This technique could be an effective dynamic imaging modality for diagnosis and especially follow-up examination to monitor treatment in CD.
The use of contrast enhancers has widened the possibilities of sonographic imaging, and allows the differentiation of characteristic enhancement patterns leading to diagnosis in focal liver lesions. ...The aim of our study was to evaluate contrast ultrasound signs in diagnosing malignant liver lesions.
86 patients with 100 solid liver lesions were enrolled. A baseline gray-scale sonogram was obtained with a multifrequency 4 C convex array probe, followed by contrast-enhanced sonography with a low mechanical index (<0.2) over 300 seconds. Final diagnosis was confirmed by histology or in case of haemangioma by CT/NMR and quantitative contrast harmonic imaging (CHI) with perfusion analysis (contrast).
55 malignant (6 HCC, 46 secondary malignant lesions - 3 of them lymphoma, 3 cholangiocarcinoma), and 45 benign lesions (8 FNH, 1 von Meyenburg complex, 1 granuloma, 3 adenoma, 21 hemangioma, 2 focal fat storage imbalances, 7 abscesses, one scar, and in one case normal liver) were found. 51/55 malignant (all but one filia and three HCC), but also 17/45 benign lesions showed hypoperfusion in the late phase. The ultrasound pattern in the arterial phase differed in malignant lesions: 22 lesions were initially hypervascular, 20 had rim enhancement and in 13 lesions there was a non-specific vascularisation. In all but one malignant lesion a diminishing of contrast agent in the late phase compared to the arterial phase with respect to the surrounding liver tissue was observed. Only three benign lesions with this later sign were falsely diagnosed as malignant: one adenoma, one epitheloid granuloma, and a scar. Quantitative perfusion pattern was analyzed exemplary. Diminishing of contrast agent in the late phase compared to the arterial phase with respect to the surrounding liver tissue as a sign for malignancy had a positive predictive value of 95%, a sensitivity of 98%, a negative predictive value of 98%, and a specificity of 93%.
Diminishing of contrast agent in the late phase compared to the arterial phase with respect to the surrounding liver tissue is a helpful sign in contrast enhanced ultrasound to diagnose malignancies.
To further the understanding of post-COVID conditions, and provide a more nuanced description of symptom progression, resolution, emergence, and reemergence after SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-like ...illness, analysts examined data from the Innovative Support for Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infections Registry (INSPIRE), a prospective multicenter cohort study. This report includes analysis of data on self-reported symptoms collected from 1,296 adults with COVID-like illness who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using a Food and Drug Administration-approved polymerase chain reaction or antigen test at the time of enrollment and reported symptoms at 3-month intervals for 12 months. Prevalence of any symptom decreased substantially between baseline and the 3-month follow-up, from 98.4% to 48.2% for persons who received a positive SARS-CoV-2 test results (COVID test-positive participants) and from 88.2% to 36.6% for persons who received negative SARS-CoV-2 test results (COVID test-negative participants). Persistent symptoms decreased through 12 months; no difference between the groups was observed at 12 months (prevalence among COVID test-positive and COVID test-negative participants = 18.3% and 16.1%, respectively; p>0.05). Both groups reported symptoms that emerged or reemerged at 6, 9, and 12 months. Thus, these symptoms are not unique to COVID-19 or to post-COVID conditions. Awareness that symptoms might persist for up to 12 months, and that many symptoms might emerge or reemerge in the year after COVID-like illness, can assist health care providers in understanding the clinical signs and symptoms associated with post-COVID-like conditions.
Determination of the absolute jet energy scale in the DØ calorimeters Abbott, B; Adam, I; Adams, M ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
03/1999, Letnik:
424, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The DØ detector is used to study
p
p
̄
collisions at the 1800 and 630
GeV center-of-mass energies available at the Fermilab Tevatron. To measure jets, the detector uses a sampling calorimeter ...composed of uranium and liquid argon as the passive and active media, respectively. Understanding the jet energy calibration is not only crucial for precision tests of QCD, but also for the measurement of particle masses and the determination of physics backgrounds associated with new phenomena. This paper describes the energy calibration of jets observed with the DØ detector at the two
p
p
̄
center-of-mass energies in the transverse energy and pseudorapidity range
E
T>8
GeV and |
η|<3.
We report a search for effects of large extra spatial dimensions in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.8 TeV with the D0 detector, using events containing a pair of electrons or photons. ...The data are in good agreement with the expected background and do not exhibit evidence for large extra dimensions. We set the most restrictive lower limits to date, at the 95% C.L. on the effective Planck scale between 1.0 and 1.4 TeV for several formalisms and numbers of extra dimensions.
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