Abstract
This paper is majorly discussing the impact resistance of hierarchical lightweight lattice structure. Firstly, the unit cells of hierarchical pyramidal lattice structure and traditional ...single-stage hollow pyramidal lattice structure are designed. At the same time, the concept of relative density is introduced to better demonstrate the impact resistance of hierarchical structure. In this paper, ABAQUS/Explicit software is used to simulate the drop hammer impact simulation of hierarchical structure and hollow structure. The result shows that the impact resistance of hierarchical structure is better than hollow structure. Meanwhile, the samples are prepared by 3D printing, and then quasi-static compression experiment and drop hammer impact experiment are carried out. It is concluded that the bearing and impact resistance performance of the hierarchical structure has obvious improvement than the hollow structure under both quasi-static compression and low-speed drop hammer impact.
Caenorhabditis elegans is an exceptionally valuable model for aging research because of many advantages, including its genetic tractability, short lifespan, and clear age‐dependent physiological ...changes. Aged C. elegans display a decline in their anatomical and functional features, including tissue integrity, motility, learning and memory, and immunity. Caenorhabditis elegans also exhibit many age‐associated changes in the expression of microRNAs and stress‐responsive genes and in RNA and protein quality control systems. Many of these age‐associated changes provide information on the health of the animals and serve as valuable biomarkers for aging research. Here, we review the age‐dependent changes in C. elegans and their utility as aging biomarkers indicative of the physiological status of aging.
Abstract
Self-assembled architectures of soft matter have fascinated scientists for centuries due to their unique physical properties originated from controllable orientational and/or positional ...orders, and diverse optic and photonic applications. If one could know how to design, fabricate, and manipulate these optical microstructures in soft matter systems, such as liquid crystals (LCs), that would open new opportunities in both scientific research and practical applications, such as the interaction between light and soft matter, the intrinsic assembly of the topological patterns, and the multidimensional control of the light (polarization, phase, spatial distribution, propagation direction). Here, we summarize recent progresses in self-assembled optical architectures in typical thermotropic LCs and bio-based lyotropic LCs. After briefly introducing the basic definitions and properties of the materials, we present the manipulation schemes of various LC microstructures, especially the topological and topographic configurations. This work further illustrates external-stimuli-enabled dynamic controllability of self-assembled optical structures of these soft materials, and demonstrates several emerging applications. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of these materials towards soft matter photonics, and envision future perspectives in this field.
Seed germination is a vital developmental process. Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential repressor of seed germination, while ROS (reactive oxygen species) also plays a vital role in regulating seed ...germination. ABA could inhibit the production of ROS in seed germination, but the mechanism of ABA reduced ROS production in seed germination was hitherto unknown. Here, by ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation)-seq, we found that ZFP36, a rice zinc finger transcription factor, could directly bind to the promoter of OsAPX1, coding an ascorbate peroxidase (APX) which has the most affinity for H2O2 (substrate; a type of ROS), and act as a transcriptional activator of OsAPX1 promoter. Moreover, ZFP36 could interact with a late embryogenesis abundant protein OsLEA5 to co-regulate the promoter activity of OsAPX1. The seed germination is highly inhibited in ZFP36 overexpression plants under ABA treatment, while an RNA interference (RNAi) mutant of OsLEA5 rice seeds were less sensitive to ABA, and exogenous ASC (ascorbate acid) could alleviate the inhibition induced by ABA. Thus, our conclusion is that OsAPX1 is a direct target of ZFP36 and OsLEA5 could interact with ZFP36 to co-regulate ABA-inhibited seed germination by controlling the expression of OsAPX1.
•Yeast two-hybrid screening confirmed that ZFP36 interacted with OsLEA5 firstly.•OsAPX1 is a direct target of ZFP36.•OsLEA5 participates in regulating the OsAPX1 expression and the activity of APX.•The ZFP36 overexpression plants seeds germination is inhibited with ABA.•Silencing OsLEA5 could relieve the inhibition of ABA to the seed germination.
Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) have increased risk for developing chronic conditions, though few studies assess rates of diagnosis of these conditions among patients with SUDs.
To ...compare rates of undiagnosed hypertension and diabetes among patients with and without an SUD.
Cross-sectional analysis using electronic health record (EHR) data from 58 primary care clinics at a large, urban, healthcare system in New York.
Patients who had at least two primary care visits from 2019-2022 were included in our patient sample. Patients without an ICD-10 hypertension diagnosis or prescribed hypertension medications and with at least two blood pressure (BP) readings ≥ 140/90 mm were labeled 'undiagnosed hypertension,' and patients without a diabetes diagnosis or prescribed diabetes medications and with A1C/hemoglobin ≥ 6.5% were labeled 'undiagnosed diabetes.'
We calculated the mean number of patients with and without an ICD-10 SUD diagnosis who were diagnosed and undiagnosed for each condition. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the association between being undiagnosed for each condition, and having an SUD diagnosis, patient demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics (body mass index, Elixhauser comorbidity count, diagnosed HIV and psychosis), the percentage of visits without a BP screening, and the total number of visits during the time period.
The percentage of patients with undiagnosed hypertension (2.74%) and diabetes (22.98%) was higher amongst patients with SUD than patients without SUD. In multivariate models, controlling for other factors, patients with SUD had significantly higher odds of having undiagnosed hypertension (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.48, 2.20) and undiagnosed diabetes (OR: 1.93; 1.72, 2.16). Being younger, female, and having an HIV diagnosis was also associated with significantly higher odds for being undiagnosed.
We found significant disparities in rates of undiagnosed chronic diseases among patients with SUDs, compared with patients without SUDs.
The rice zinc finger protein ZFP36 serves as a pivotal regulator of the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signaling pathway in response to abscisic acid (ABA). Its role is crucial for integrating H2O2 signals ...with the plant defense mechanisms against water deficit and oxidative stress. However, it remains unclear whether ZFP36 directly modulates ABA-induced H2O2 signaling. This study explored the effects of oxidative post-translational modifications (OxiPTMs) on ZFP36 in rice, with an emphasis on the H2O2-induced oxidation through its cysteine (Cys) residues. We found that ZFP36 undergoes oxidative modification as a target of H2O2 in the presence of ABA, specifically at Cys32. Employing quantitative detection and fluorescence assays, we observed that ZFP36 oxidation enhances the expression and activity of genes encoding protective antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, our investigation into the thioredoxin (Trx) and glutaredoxin (Grx) families revealed that OsTrxh1 facilitates the reduction of oxidized ZFP36. Genetic evidence indicates that ZFP36 positively influences rice resilience to oxidative and water stress, while OsTrxh1 exerts an opposing effect. These insights reveal a distinctive pathway for plant cells to perceive ABA-induced H2O2 signaling, advance our comprehension of H2O2 signaling dynamics, and ABA-related plant responses, and lay a vital groundwork for enhancing crop stress tolerance.
•ABA-induced hydrogen peroxide directly oxidizes ZFP36.•Oxidative modification of ZFP36 increases its binding capacity of target genes and promotes its transcriptional activation for target genes.•OsTrxh1 acts as the reducing agent for oxidative ZFP36.•Oxidative modification of ZFP36 enhances drought, salt stress, and oxidative stress in rice, whereas OsTrxh1 negative regulates these stresses in rice.
Abstract
OsLEA5 acts as a co-regulator of a transcriptional fact ZFP36 to enhance the expression and the activity of ascorbate peroxidase OsAPX1 to regulate seed germination in rice, but it it ...unknown whether OsLEA5 is also crucial in plant seedlings under stress conditions. To determine this, we generated OsLEA5 overexpression and knockdown rice plants. We found that overexpression of OsLEA5 in rice plants enhanced the tolerance to drought and salt stress; in contrast, an RNA interference (RNAi) mutant of OsLEA5 rice plants was more sensitive to drought and salinity. Further investigation found that various stimuli and ABA could induce OsLEA5 expression, and OsLEA5 acted downstream of ZFP36 to be involved in ABA-induced generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the regulation of the expression and the activities of antioxidant defense enzymes in plants leaves, and OsLEA5 contributed to stabilize ZFP36. Additionally, OsLEA5 participates in the accumulation of ABA by up-regulating ABA biosynthesis genes and down-regulating ABA metabolism genes. Moreover, we found that two homologs of OsLEA5 (5C700, short for Os05g0526700; and 5C300, short for Os05g0584300) which were induced by ABA also interacted with ZFP36 separately; interestingly, the nuclear-located 5C700 could also act as a co-activator of ZFP36 to modulate OsAPX1, while 5C300 which was down-regulated by ABA induction acted as an ABA-induced inhibitor of ZFP36 to regulate OsAPX1. Hence, our conclusion is that OsLEA5 participates in the ABA-mediated antioxidant defense to function in drought and salt stress response in rice, and the 5C subgroup of LEAs contribute by acting as co-regulators of the transcription factor ZFP36.
Ciliopathies are genetic disorders caused by defects of primary ciliary structure and/or function and are characterized by pleiotropic clinical features. The ciliopathies include several partially ...overlapping syndromes such as Joubert syndrome, Bardet-Biedl syndrome and Meckel-Gruber syndrome, all of which have pronounced neurodevelopmental features. Here we focus on potential roles of cilia in central nervous system function, to explore how impairments may cause brain malformation and neurodevelopmental disease.
Cilia have long been considered as 'sensory cellular antennae', responding as chemo-sensors, mechano-sensors and thermo-sensors, although their roles in development were not well understood until recently. The surprising finding that disparate syndromes are all due to defects of the primary cilia, along with the recent advances in genetics, has helped elucidate further roles of primary cilia beyond sensory functions. Several molecules that are associated with key signaling pathways have been discovered in primary cilia. These include sonic hedgehog, wingless, planar cell polarity and fibroblast growth factor, which are essential for many cellular processes. Additionally, mutations in 'ciliome' genes have largely shown developmental defects such as abnormal body axis and brain malformation, implying disrupted cilia-related signaling pathways. Accordingly, the emerging theme is that primary cilia may play roles as modulators of signal transduction to help shape cellular responses within the environmental context during both development and homeostasis.
The link between cilia and signal pathways has become a framework for understanding the pathogenesis of ciliopathies. Despite recent progress in ciliary biology, fundamental questions remain about how cilia regulate neuronal function in the central nervous system. Therefore, investigation of ciliary function in the nervous system may reveal cilia-modulating mechanisms in neurodevelopmental processes, as well as suggest new treatments for disease.
Background
Children undergoing strabismus surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia often experience emergence agitation (EA) and postoperative vomiting (POV). This study compared the effects of ...intraoperative dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and placebo on postoperative EA and POV.
Methods
Eighty-four children (aged two to seven years) undergoing elective strabismus surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of three groups (
n
= 28 each). Intraoperatively, the placebo, dexmedetomidine, and ketamine groups received normal saline, dexmedetomidine 1 μg·kg
−1
iv
plus a 1 μg·kg
−1
·hr
−1
infusion, and ketamine 1 mg·kg
−1
iv
plus a 1 mg·kg
−1
·hr
−1
infusion, respectively. Agitation scores (Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium PAED scale) and POV were assessed in the postanesthetic care unit (PACU) and for 24 hr on the ward. Pain scores and times to laryngeal mask airway (LMA™) removal, resumption of mental orientation, and discharge from the PACU were also assessed.
Results
Seventy-eight children completed the study. Peak PAED scores for EA were lower in the dexmedetomidine (
P
< 0.001) and ketamine (
P
= 0.002) groups than in the placebo group. Incidence of POV was lower in the dexmedetomidine group (15%) than in the ketamine (44%;
P
= 0.02) or placebo (45.8%;
P
= 0.02) groups. Pain scores on the ward were lower in the dexmedetomidine (
P
< 0.001) and ketamine (
P
< 0.001) groups than in the placebo group. Time to LMA removal was similar in all groups. Time for resumption of mental orientation and time to discharge from PACU were longer in the dexmedetomidine and ketamine groups than in the placebo group.
Conclusions
Dexmedetomidine and ketamine appear to prevent postoperative agitation and pain after sevoflurane anesthesia for pediatric strabismus surgery. Dexmedetomidine also prevents POV.
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