This paper focuses on preventing collisions between cyclists and heavy goods vehicles (HGVs). A collision avoidance system, which is designed to avoid side-to-side collisions between HGVs and ...cyclists, is proposed. The cyclist's motion relative to the HGV is measured with an array of ultrasonic sensors. The detected distances from ultrasonic sensors are processed in real time to construct a smooth trajectory for the cyclist. The controller assumes constant acceleration and constant yaw rate for both the HGV and the cyclist and extrapolates the relative motion forward in time. The HGV's brakes are engaged if a collision is predicted. A prototype system was built and fitted onto a test truck. The proposed collision avoidance system was tested in real time and proved to be effective within certain speed ranges.
New analytical methods are needed to efficiently measure the growing list of priority pharmaceuticals in environmental samples. In this regard, a rapid, sensitive, and robust method was developed for ...quantitation of 168 pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical metabolites using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The extraction protocol and instrumental efficiency were specifically addressed to increase analytical workload and throughput. The optimized protocols, which are five times more efficient than US EPA Method 1694, enabled analyte recoveries that ranged from 77% to 117% for 162 analytes with method quantitation limits (MQLs) as low as 0.1 ng L−1. To verify the suitability of the improved analytical method for environmental samples, 24-h composite samples of raw wastewater and wastewater effluent, along with downstream surface water, were analyzed. Overall, 143/168 target compounds were identified in at least one of the samples, and 130/168 analytes were present at concentrations above their MQLs. The total mass concentration of the measured analytes decreased by 93% during wastewater treatment. The analyte concentrations in the wastewater effluent were comparable to those measured in surface water 1 km downstream of the wastewater discharge point. Ultimately, the comprehensive method will serve as an important tool to inform the occurrence, fate, transport, and toxicity of a large suite of priority pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical metabolites in natural and engineered systems.
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•Cleanert PEP-2 SPE cartridges exhibited the best overall analyte recovery.•168 pharmaceuticals were measured by LC-MS2 with 2 detection modes (27 min total).•92 analytes were quantified in surface water at a total concentration of 3.9 μg L−1•180 g/d of 30 antimicrobials were discharged into receiving water from the WWTP.•Antihypertensives & antipsychotics were most recalcitrant in wastewater treatment.
This paper focuses on measuring the motion of a cyclist moving adjacent to a heavy goods vehicle (HGV), from the detections of ultrasonic sensors installed along the side of the vehicle. The ...measurements are used in a prototype collision avoidance system that predicts the future relative motion and assesses the likelihood of a collision. An array of ultrasonic sensors is adopted to cover the near side of the HGV, where most of fatal collisions with cyclists occur. A method combining quadratic programming and Kalman filtering is developed in this paper for recovering the bearing angles of the cyclist from the detected distances provided by off-the-shelf ultrasonic sensors. The algorithms are developed for use in real time and practical constraints are considered. The simulation and testing results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method for a reasonable range of the speed differential between the cyclist and the HGV.
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•UPLC-MS/MS method for the analysis of 187 PPCPs in water.•Widespread occurrence of PPCPs in bottled water samples from 14 countries.•Heating did not significantly lower PPCP ...concentrations in water.•Higher risk quotiens were observed in early life stages.
The occurrence of 187 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) was investigated in bottled water samples (35 and 33 from Chinese and foreign brands, respectively). Forty-four compounds belonging to 14 PPCP categories were detected in 56 of the 68 bottled water samples. Further, more than 35% of water samples contained at least three PPCPs, and in one particular sample, 11 different PPCPs were detected. Macrolides constituted the most prevalent PPCP category, and salbutamol, erythromycin, and azithromycin showed the highest detection frequency (17.6%). The thermal stabilities of the 187 PPCPs were determined, and the results obtained showed that only 35 out of the 187 compounds were degraded by more than 50% after boiling for 5 min. Even though the risk quotients (RQs) of detected PPCPs showed low risk levels, the RQs of 13 compounds with RQs ≥ 0.0001 were 2–4 fold higher in infants than in other life stages. Moreover, further studies are necessary to evaluate the toxicity of PPCP mixtures, the effects of PPCPs on human intestinal microbiota, and their risk of induction of drug-resistant bacteria and drug-resistant genes.
With the development of smart home energy management technology, prosumers are endowed with increased initiative in peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions, bringing new potential for cost savings. In this ...study, a novel strategic P2P energy trading framework is proposed considering the impact of network constraints on personal transaction strategies. Prosumers can estimate the allowed power injection before engaging in the P2P energy trading, which is solved in a distributed manner based on the sharing form alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. To quantify the network usage cost for each prosumer and promote local transactions among prosumers at the same bus, a modified continuous double auction (CDA) matching algorithm is proposed including a transaction fee. An adaptive aggressiveness-based bidding strategy is generated considering the risk of uncertainty in real-time energy delivery amount under the limitations of the distribution network. The proposed strategic P2P energy trading framework is tested with the IEEE 37-bus distribution network and it is effective in creating profits for prosumers and supporting distribution network operations.
Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and microfracture are two of the main surgical treatment options for articular cartilage lesions of the knee. Consensus regarding the best clinical options ...to repair knee cartilage lesions is lacking. We undertook a systematic review to clarify the clinical efficacy of ACI and microfracture at minimum mean 5-year follow-up.
A literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library databases up to August 2018. Only comparative clinical studies of ACI and microfracture for the treatment of articular cartilage lesions of the knee with level I/Ⅱ evidence were included. Clinical outcomes and the prevalence of treatment failure from each study were extracted and compared. The methodological quality of the included studies was analyzed by means of the PEDro scale.
Five comparative studies (three randomized controlled trials and two prospective cohort studies) met our eligibility criteria. ACI and microfracture elicited significant improvement in clinical outcomes after 5 years. However, better clinical results with significant differences were found with modified versions of ACI (ACI with a modified collagen membrane ACI-C or matrix-applied chondrocyte implantation MACI) than with microfracture as determined by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, activities of daily living assessment, Tegner Activity Scale score, and the International Knee Documentation Committee objective and subjective scores. No significant difference was observed in the treatment failure rate between these two methods within a particular study.
Currently, the best-available evidence suggests that some clinical outcomes of articular cartilage lesions of the knee treated with modified versions of ACI (ACI-C or MACI) can significantly improve patient outcomes at the mid-term follow-up of 5 years compared with those obtained using microfracture.
•Both ACI and microfracture elicited significant improvement in clinical outcomes after 5 years.•Better clinical results with significant differences were found for KOOS and IKDC objective and subjective scores, with modified versions of ACI (ACI-C or MACI) than those obtained using microfracture.
Review of Object Detection Techniques Boyang, Yu; Feng, Jin; Lei, Dong ...
2022 41st Chinese Control Conference (CCC),
2022-July-25
Conference Proceeding
As the front-end technology of artificial intelligence, computer vision has been widely studied in recent years, and the introduction of deep learning methods has accelerated this process. This paper ...shows the progress made in object detection in the last 5 years, followed by the mainstream model topology including Convolutional Neural Network and Transformer. We further compared the accuracy and model complexity of different backbones, analyzed the differences and the inner link between Convolutional Neural Network and Transformer, at the end of the thesis, the prospect of future development is presented.
Background:
Although tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to reduce bleeding in joint replacement procedures, its effectiveness for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) has not been ...widely reported.
Purpose:
To evaluate the effectiveness of TXA to reduce postoperative hemarthrosis and improve clinical outcomes after ACLR.
Study Design:
Systematic review; Level of evidence, 2.
Methods:
A systematic review of the literature following the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) was performed; literature retrieval was carried out using the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library electronic databases. The inclusion criteria were comparative studies in English that reported the administration of intravenous or intra-articular TXA versus other modalities or placebo in patients undergoing ACLR.
Results:
Six studies comprising 418 patients who were treated with TXA were included. Heterogeneity among studies did not allow for the pooling of data. Five studies showed decreased drainage volume in the first 24 or 48 hours postoperatively as compared with control (ACLR with no TXA). Four studies showed lower hemarthrosis grades and visual analog scale scores in TXA versus control in the early postoperative period, although this difference was not evident at 4 weeks postoperatively. No studies showed differences in infection, deep venous thrombosis, or adverse events between the TXA and control groups.
Conclusion:
The current best available evidence suggests that TXA administration at the time of ACLR results in decreased intra-articular bleeding (measured using a drainage system), hemarthrosis grade, and pain when compared with control.
The toxic metal (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) pollution in 250 agricultural soil samples representing the urban area of Jiaxing was studied to investigate the temporal and spatial variations. ...Compared to the early 1990s, the pollution level has increased. Industry and urbanization were the main factors causing toxic metal pollution on temporal variation, especially the use of feed containing toxic metals. The soil types and crop cultivation methods are the main factors causing toxic metal pollution on spatial variation. Although the single-factor pollution indices of all the toxic metals were within the safe limits, as per the National Soil Environmental Quality Standard (risk screening value), if the background values of soil elements in Jiaxing City are used as the standard, the pollution index of all the elements surveyed exceeds 1.0, reaching a level of mild pollution. The soil samples investigated were heavily contaminated with toxic metal compounds, and their levels increased over time. This situation poses potential ecological and health risks.
The physics-based fractional-order model (FOM) for lithium-ion batteries has shown good application prospects due to its mechanisms and simplicity. To adapt the model to higher-level applications, ...this paper proposes an improved FOM considering electrolyte-phase diffusion (FOMe) and then proposes a complete method for parameter identification based on three characteristic SOC intervals: the positive solid phase, negative solid phase, and electrolyte phase. The method mainly determines the above three characteristic intervals and identifies four thermodynamic parameters and five dynamic parameters. Furthermore, the paper describes a framework, which first verifies the model and parameter identification method separately based on pseudo two-dimensional model simulations, and secondly verifies FOMe and its parameters as a whole based on the experiments. The results, which are based on simulations and actual Li0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 lithium-ion batteries under multiple typical operating profiles and comparisons with other parameter identification methods, show that the proposed model and parameter identification method is highly accurate and efficient.
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