Harpadon nehereus
is an ecologically and commercially important fish species. To investigate the phylogeographic pattern and historical demography of
H. nehereus
, a 1073 base pair fragment of the ...mitochondrial cytochrome
b
(Cyt
b
) gene was analyzed in 305 individuals collected from 13 locations in China offshore. In total, 41 haplotypes and 42 polymorphic sites were detected. Mean haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were remarkably low with a range from 0.1630 ± 0.0990 to 0.4113 ± 0.1308 and 0.0002 ± 0.0002 to 0.0007 ± 0.0006, respectively. Insignificant genealogical branches corresponding to sampling locations were revealed both in maximum likelihood (ML) and minimum spanning (MS) trees. The AMOVA and pairwise
F
st
values indicated shallow genetic structure and the slight genetic variation mainly originated within individuals. Both mismatch distribution analysis and neutrality tests showed
H. nehereus
had undergone population expansion, which possibly occurred 0.07 million years ago. The bottleneck effect and recent population expansion, combined with larval drift in the ocean current, could be the critical factors in shaping the contemporary phylogeographic patterns and genetic structure of
H. nehereus
. Our result suggested that
H. nehereus
in China’s coastal waters may be regarded as an integrated fishery management unit from the perspective of marine resource protection and sustainable utilization. But further researches and comprehensive considerations were still necessary too.
Most patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) suffer cachexia; some do not. To model heterogeneity, we used patient-derived orthotopic xenografts. These phenocopied donor weight loss. ...Furthermore, muscle wasting correlated with mortality and murine IL-6, and human IL-6 associated with the greatest murine cachexia. In cell culture and mice, PDAC cells elicited adipocyte IL-6 expression and IL-6 plus IL-6 receptor (IL6R) in myocytes and blood. PDAC induced adipocyte lipolysis and muscle steatosis, dysmetabolism, and wasting. Depletion of IL-6 from malignant cells halved adipose wasting and abolished myosteatosis, dysmetabolism, and atrophy. In culture, adipocyte lipolysis required soluble (s)IL6R, while IL-6, sIL6R, or palmitate induced myotube atrophy. PDAC cells activated adipocytes to induce myotube wasting and activated myotubes to induce adipocyte lipolysis. Thus, PDAC cachexia results from tissue crosstalk via a feed-forward, IL-6 trans-signaling loop. Malignant cells signal via IL-6 to muscle and fat, muscle to fat via sIL6R, and fat to muscle via lipids and IL-6, all targetable mechanisms for treatment of cachexia.
The leading cause of guided bone regeneration (GBR) failure is infection. Herein, we developed a new GBR membrane with good mechanical and osteogenic properties by crosslinking the small intestinal ...submucosa (SIS) with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Meanwhile, EGCG is also a natural antibacterial agent. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of EGCG-crosslinked SIS (E-SIS) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli through EGCG release, bacterial count, live/dead staining, scanning electron microscopy, growth curve, and biofilm formation tests. The results showed that E-SIS effectively inhibited bacteria’s growth and adhesion, and its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was stronger than that against Escherichia coli. 0.5% E-SIS had the most potent antibacterial activity. The antibacterial mechanism of E-SIS might be related to the release of EGCG and the surface properties of E-SIS. In conclusion, 0.5% E-SIS is a promising GBR membrane with good osteogenic and antibacterial properties.
Vat photopolymerization (VPP) presents new opportunities for metals to achieve the design freedom of components. However, the material properties of copper powder and the inherent defects of the ...technology seriously hinder its application in high-precision metal additive manufacturing. Precision control is the key to obtaining minimal precision metal parts when copper is prepared by reduction photopolymerization. This paper employed variance analysis (ANOVA) and root mean square deviation (RMSD) to determine the significant parameters affecting dimensional accuracy and their optimal regions. The results show that printing accuracy is improved by optimizing exposure time, intensity, layer thickness, and sweeper moving speed. When the exposure time is 21 s, and the exposure intensity is 220 mW/cm2, a hole with a height of 1 mm and a diameter of 200 μm can be printed with a minimum size deviation of 51 μm. In addition, RMSD and ANOVA provide an effective method for realizing high-precision stereolithography 3D printing metal copper, expanding the material adaptation in the 3D printing metals field. The study highlights the potential of VPP as a method for preparing metals in future studies.
Although chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a dose-limiting side effect of platinum drugs, the mechanisms of this toxicity remain unknown. Previous work in our laboratory suggests ...that cisplatin-induced CIPN is secondary to DNA damage which is susceptible to base excision repair (BER). To further examine this hypothesis, we studied the effects of cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin on cell survival, DNA damage, ROS production, and functional endpoints in rat sensory neurons in culture in the absence or presence of reduced expression of the BER protein AP endonuclease/redox factor-1 (APE1). Using an in situ model of peptidergic sensory neuron function, we examined the effects of the platinum drugs on hind limb capsaicin-evoked vasodilatation. Exposing sensory neurons in culture to the three platinum drugs caused a concentration-dependent increase in apoptosis and cell death, although the concentrations of carboplatin were 10 fold higher than cisplatin. As previously observed with cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin also increased DNA damage as indicated by an increase in phospho-H2AX and reduced the capsaicin-evoked release of CGRP from neuronal cultures. Both cisplatin and oxaliplatin increased the production of ROS as well as 8-oxoguanine DNA adduct levels, whereas carboplatin did not. Reducing levels of APE1 in neuronal cultures augmented the cisplatin and oxaliplatin induced toxicity, but did not alter the effects of carboplatin. Using an in vivo model, systemic injection of cisplatin (3 mg/kg), oxaliplatin (3 mg/kg), or carboplatin (30 mg/kg) once a week for three weeks caused a decrease in capsaicin-evoked vasodilatation, which was delayed in onset. The effects of cisplatin on capsaicin-evoked vasodilatation were attenuated by chronic administration of E3330, a redox inhibitor of APE1 that serendipitously enhances APE1 DNA repair activity in sensory neurons. These outcomes support the importance of the BER pathway, and particularly APE1, in sensory neuropathy caused by cisplatin and oxaliplatin, but not carboplatin and suggest that augmenting DNA repair could be a therapeutic target for CIPN.
Bombay duck (
Harpadon nehereus
) is an economically important species in the estuarine and coastal offshore waters of the Indo-West Pacific. This study aims to reveal the genome-wide genetic ...characteristics of five populations of
H. nehereus
from the coastal areas of China by using the genotyping-by-sequencing technique. After strict filtering, 32088 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphism markers were detected and analyzed. The average observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.41651 to 0.56725 and from 0.30998 to 0.45531, respectively, indicating that heterozygosity excess occurred in
H. nehereus
populations. The nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.63664 to 0.74868, which was larger than those from other marine fishes. No obvious genetic structure was detected among
H. nehereus
populations, and the genetic variation originated within individuals. Extensive gene exchange caused by longshore currents in the reproductive season might be the primary reason for the weak genetic differentiation. Among various environmental factors, water temperature might be the key element affecting the genetic structure of
H. nehereus
. Due to the destruction and overfishing of spawning grounds, the fishery resources declined in recent years. This study could serve as a reference for the resource protection and rational utilization of
H. nehereus
.
The pathogenic processes of brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have not yet been fully elucidated. Increasing evidence suggests that ferroptosis activation aggravates injury after ICH, ...but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) is a key enzyme in the regulation of sphingosine metabolism involved in the ferroptosis pathway, but its role in ICH needs clarification. In this study, transcriptional changes in ICH patients were assessed by microarray data, exposing Sphk1 as a highly upregulated gene during ICH. Furthermore, Sphk1 chemical inhibitors and siRNA were used to inhibit ICH-induced Sphk1 upregulation in in vivo and in vitro models, showing that Sphk1 inhibition after protects against ferroptosis and attenuates secondary brain injury and cell death. Mechanistically, this study unveiled that sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1-phosphate/extracellular-regulated protein kinases/phosphorylated extracellular-regulated protein kinases (Sphk1/S1p/ERK/p-ERK) pathway is responsible for regulation of ferroptosis leading to secondary brain injury and cell death following ICH. Collectively, this study demonstrates that ferroptosis is closely associated with ICH, and that Sphk1 has a critical role in this lethal process. These results suggest a novel unique and effective therapeutic approach for ICH prevention and treatment.
Fossil fuel consumption has progressively increased alongside global population growth, representing the predominant energy consumption pattern for humanity. Unfortunately, this persistent reliance ...on fossil fuels has resulted in a substantial surge in pollution emissions, exerting a detrimental influence on the delicate ecological balance. Therefore, it is imperative to find new renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels. Solar energy is a clean energy source and has become the most preferred option for human day-to-day needs. Since the construction of the world’s first floating photovoltaic power station, humanity has been continuously advancing the technology of power generation by floating photovoltaics. This review comprehensively elucidates the progression of offshore photovoltaic technology and illustrates the composition of the floating photovoltaic system. Each section meticulously contrasts the advantages and drawbacks of various photovoltaic systems. In addition, an in-depth analysis of the offshore photovoltaic application potentials is conducted based on fundamental theories, thereby offering valuable insights for future research. Finally, an encompassing summary of the potential challenges associated with deep-sea floating photovoltaic systems is presented.
Peripheral neuropathy is one of the major side effects of the anticancer drug cisplatin. Although previous work suggests that this neuropathy correlates with formation of DNA adducts in sensory ...neurons, growing evidence suggests that cisplatin also increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could cause DNA damage. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox factor-1 (Ape1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein involved in DNA base excision repair of oxidative DNA damage and in redox regulation of a number of transcription factors. Therefore, we asked whether altering Ape1 functions would influence cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. Sensory neurons in culture were exposed to cisplatin for 24 hours and several end points of toxicity were measured, including production of ROS, cell death, apoptosis, and release of the immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide (iCGRP). Reducing expression of Ape1 in neuronal cultures using small interfering RNA (siRNA) enhances cisplatin-induced cell killing, apoptosis, ROS generation, and cisplatin-induced reduction in iCGRP release. Overexpressing wild-type Ape1 attenuates all the toxic effects of cisplatin in cells containing normal endogenous levels of Ape1 and in cells with reduced Ape1 levels after Ape1siRNA treatment. Overexpressing the redox deficient/repair competent C65-Ape1 provides partial rescue, whereas the repair-deficient Ape1 (N226A + R177A) does not protect neurons from cisplatin toxicity. We also observe an increase in phosphorylation of p53 after a decrease in Ape1 levels in sensory neuronal cultures. These results strongly support the notion that Ape1 is a potential translational target such that protecting Ape1 levels and particularly its DNA repair function could reduce peripheral neuropathy in patients undergoing cisplatin treatment.
Hepatic steatosis is a common histological finding in obese patients. Even mild steatosis is associated with delayed hepatic regeneration and poor outcomes following liver resection or ...transplantation. We sought to identify and target molecular pathways that mediate this dysfunction. Lean mice and mice made obese through feeding of a high-fat, hypercaloric diet underwent 70 or 80% hepatectomy. After 70% resection, obese mice demonstrated 100% survival but experienced increased liver injury, reduced energy stores, reduced mitoses, increased necroapoptosis, and delayed recovery of liver mass. Increasing liver resection to 80% was associated with mortality of 40% in lean and 80% in obese mice (
< 0.05). Gene expression profiling showed decreased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in fatty liver. Meta-analysis of expression studies in mice, rats, and patients also demonstrated reduction of
in fatty liver. In mice, both EGFR and phosphorylated EGFR decreased with increasing percent body fat. Hydrodynamic transfection of EGFR plasmids in mice corrected fatty liver regeneration, reducing liver injury, increasing proliferation, and improving survival after 80% resection. Loss of EGFR expression is rate limiting for liver regeneration in obesity. Therapies directed at increasing EGFR in steatosis might promote liver regeneration and survival following hepatic resection or transplantation.
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