According to the "World Cancer Research Fund" and the "American Institute of Cancer Research" (WCRF/AICR) one in four cancer cases could be prevented through a healthy diet, weight control and ...physical activity.
To explore the association between the WCRF/AICR recommendations and risk of breast cancer.
During the period 2006 to 2011 we recruited 973 incident cases of breast cancer and 973 controls from 17 Spanish Regions. We constructed a score based on 9 of the WCRF/AICR recommendations for cancer prevention:: 1)Maintain adequate body weight; 2)Be physically active; 3)Limit the intake of high density foods; 4)Eat mostly plant foods; 5)Limit the intake of animal foods; 6)Limit alcohol intake; 7)Limit salt and salt preserved food intake; 8)Meet nutritional needs through diet; S1)Breastfeed infants exclusively up to 6 months. We explored its association with BC by menopausal status and by intrinsic tumor subtypes (ER+/PR+ & HER2-; HER2+; ER&PR-&HER2-) using conditional and multinomial logistic models respectively.
Our results point to a linear association between the degree of noncompliance and breast cancer risk. Taking women who met 6 or more recommendations as reference, those meeting less than 3 showed a three-fold excess risk (OR=2.98(CI95%:1.59-5.59)), especially for postmenopausal women (OR=3.60(CI95%:1.24;10.47)) and ER+/PR+&HER2- (OR=3.60(CI95%:1.84;7.05)) and HER2+ (OR=4.23(CI95%:1.66;10.78)) tumors. Noncompliance of recommendations regarding the consumption of foods and drinks that promote weight gain in premenopausal women (OR=2.24(CI95%:1.18;4.28); p for interaction=0.014) and triple negative tumors (OR=2.93(CI95%:1.12-7.63)); the intake of plant foods in postmenopausal women (OR=2.35(CI95%:1.24;4.44)) and triple negative tumors (OR=3.48(CI95%:1.46-8.31)); and the alcohol consumption in ER+/PR+&HER2- tumors (OR=1.52 (CI95%:1.06-2.19)) showed the strongest associations.
Breast cancer prevention might be possible by following the "World Cancer Research Fund" and the "American Institute of Cancer Research" recommendations, even in settings like Spain, where a high percentage of women already comply with many of them.
When an alleged victim has a pre-existing psychopathological diagnosis, this can affect the rating of their version of the abuse in terms of credibility. The objective of this work is to analyze the ...relationship between the assessment of the credibility of the testimony of a CSA victim, the psychological problems that the child may have presented prior to sexual abuse and the possible psychological sequelae that she may present as a result of the abuse. 109 cases were selected in which the credibility of the testimony could be determined. Through forensic interviews and the study of the corresponding professional reports, the following were obtained: sociodemographic data, data on their previous psychological state and data on their psychological state after the reported events. The psychological state of the child after the reported events shows no relation to the forensic evaluation of the credibility of her testimony. The existence of a relationship between the absence of previous psychopathology and the fact that the victim's testimony is valued as a credible account is confirmed. This study reveals that children who presented psychological manifestations prior to their experience of abuse receive a lower credibility rating than those without previous psychopathological symptoms or diagnoses.
Abstract Background Diet is a key modifiable risk for many chronic diseases, but it remains unclear whether dietary patterns from one study sample are generalizable to other independent populations. ...Objective The primary objective of this study was to assess whether data-driven dietary patterns from one study sample are applicable to other populations. The secondary objective was to assess the validity of two criteria of pattern similarity. Methods Six dietary patterns—Western (n=3), Mediterranean, Prudent, and Healthy— from three published studies on breast cancer were reconstructed in a case-control study of 973 breast cancer patients and 973 controls. Three more internal patterns (Western, Prudent, and Mediterranean) were derived from this case-control study’s own data. Statistical analysis Applicability was assessed by comparing the six reconstructed patterns with the three internal dietary patterns, using the congruence coefficient (CC) between pattern loadings. In cases where any pair met either of two commonly used criteria for declaring patterns similar (CC ≥0.85 or a statistically significant P <0.05 Pearson correlation), then the true similarity of those two dietary patterns was double-checked by comparing their associations to risk for breast cancer, to assess whether those two criteria of similarity are actually reliable. Results Five of the six reconstructed dietary patterns showed high congruence (CC >0.9) to their corresponding dietary pattern derived from the case-control study’s data. Similar associations with risk for breast cancer were found in all pairs of dietary patterns that had high CC but not in all pairs of dietary patterns with statistically significant correlations. Conclusions Similar dietary patterns can be found in independent samples. The P value of a correlation coefficient is less reliable than the CC as a criterion for declaring two dietary patterns similar. This study shows that diet scores based on a particular study are generalizable to other populations.
Highly prevalent respiratory diseases such as asthma and allergy remain a pressing health challenge. Currently, there is an unmet need for precise diagnostic tools capable of predicting the great ...heterogeneity of these illnesses. In a previous study of 94 asthma/respiratory allergy biomarker candidates, we defined a group of potential biomarkers to distinguish clinical phenotypes (i.e. nonallergic asthma, allergic asthma, respiratory allergy without asthma) and disease severity. Here, we analyze our experimental results using complex algorithmic approaches that establish holistic disease models (systems biology), combining these insights with information available in specialized databases developed worldwide. With this approach, we aim to prioritize the most relevant biomarkers according to their specificity and mechanistic implication with molecular motifs of the diseases. The Therapeutic Performance Mapping System (Anaxomics' TPMS technology) was used to generate one mathematical model per disease: allergic asthma (AA), non-allergic asthma (NA), and respiratory allergy (RA), defining specific molecular motifs for each. The relationship of our molecular biomarker candidates and each disease was analyzed by artificial neural networks (ANNs) scores. These analyses prioritized molecular biomarkers specific to the diseases and to particular molecular motifs. As a first step, molecular characterization of the pathophysiological processes of AA defined 16 molecular motifs: 2 specific for AA, 2 shared with RA, and 12 shared with NA. Mechanistic analysis showed 17 proteins that were strongly related to AA. Eleven proteins were associated with RA and 16 proteins with NA. Specificity analysis showed that 12 proteins were specific to AA, 7 were specific to RA, and 2 to NA. Finally, a triggering analysis revealed a relevant role for AKT1, STAT1, and MAPK13 in all three conditions and for TLR4 in asthmatic diseases (AA and NA). In conclusion, this study has enabled us to prioritize biomarkers depending on the functionality associated with each disease and with specific molecular motifs, which could improve the definition and usefulness of new molecular biomarkers.
The maintenance of genomic stability requires the coordination of multiple cellular tasks upon the appearance of DNA lesions. RNA editing, the post-transcriptional sequence alteration of RNA, has a ...profound effect on cell homeostasis, but its implication in the response to DNA damage was not previously explored. Here we show that, in response to DNA breaks, an overall change of the Adenosine-to-Inosine RNA editing is observed, a phenomenon we call the RNA Editing DAmage Response (REDAR). REDAR relies on the checkpoint kinase ATR and the recombination factor CtIP. Moreover, depletion of the RNA editing enzyme ADAR2 renders cells hypersensitive to genotoxic agents, increases genomic instability and hampers homologous recombination by impairing DNA resection. Such a role of ADAR2 in DNA repair goes beyond the recoding of specific transcripts, but depends on ADAR2 editing DNA:RNA hybrids to ease their dissolution.
Interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha (IL7RA) rs6897932 polymorphism is related to CD4
recovery after combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), but no studies so far have analyzed its potential ...impact in patients with very low CD4
T-cells count. We aimed to analyze the association between
rs6897932 polymorphism and CD4
T-cells count restoration in HIV-infected patients starting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) with CD4
T-cells count <200 cells/mm
. We performed a retrospective study in 411 patients followed for 24 months with a DNA sample available for genotyping. The change in CD4
T-cells count during the follow-up was considered as the primary outcome. The rs6897932 polymorphism had a minimum allele frequency (MAF) >20% and was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (
= 0.550). Of 411 patients, 256 carried the CC genotype, while 155 had the CT/TT genotype. The CT/TT genotype was associated with a higher slope of CD4
T-cells recovery (arithmetic mean ratio; AMR = 1.16;
= 0.016), higher CD4
T-cells increase (AMR = 1.19;
= 0.004), and higher CD4
T-cells count at the end of follow-up (AMR = 1.13;
= 0.006). Besides, rs6897932 CT/TT was related to a higher odds of having a value of CD4
T-cells at the end of follow-up ≥500 CD4
cells/mm
(OR = 2.44;
= 0.006). After multiple testing correction (Benjamini-Hochberg), only the increase of ≥ 400 CD4
cells/mm
lost statistical significance (
= 0.052).
rs6897932 CT/TT genotype was related to a better CD4
T-cells recovery and it could be used to improve the management of HIV-infected patients starting cART with CD4
T-cells count <200 cells/mm
.
Spontaneous fistulae in the arms: a case study Álvarez-Fernández, Gracia; de Alarcón-Jiménez, Rosa M; Roca-Meroño, Susana ...
Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia,
2014, Letnik:
34, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Vitamin D is a fundamental regulator of host defenses by activating genes related to innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, we analyzed the association among single nucleotide polymorphisms ...(SNPs) in the
(
) gene, with clinical patterns of AIDS progression in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve HIV-infected patients.
We conducted a retrospective study in 667 HIV-infected patients, who were classified within three groups according to their AIDS progression pattern (183 long-term non-progressors (LTNPs), 334 moderate progressors (MPs), and 150 rapid progressors (RPs)). Five
SNPs (rs11568820, rs4516035, rs2228570, rs1544410, and rs7975232) were genotyped using Agena Bioscience's MassARRAY platform.
Significant association results were found for rs2228570. Within all HIV patients, the presence of T allele at
rs2228570 SNP was protective against AIDS progression (ordinal outcome) under additive (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.75;
= 0.009), dominant (aOR = 0.69;
= 0.015), and codominant (aOR = 0.56;
= 0.017) inheritance models. In addition, the same allele was protective under additive and codominant inheritance models when we compared with LTNPs vs. RPs aOR = 0.64 (
= 0.019) and aOR = 0.37 (
= 0.018), respectively and when we compared MPs vs. RPs aOR = 0.72 (
= 0.035) and aOR = 0.45 (
= 0.028), respectively.
The
rs2228570 T allele was related to a lower AIDS progression pattern in ART-naïve HIV-infected patients. These findings expand upon the knowledge about HIV pathogenesis in untreated HIV-infected patients with different clinical outcomes.
PDF
