In this study, we report the first total hemisynthesis of trans-himachalol sesquiterpene, a stereoisomer of the natural cis-himachalol isolated from Cedrus atlantica essential oils, from himachalenes ...mixture in five steps. Reactions conditions were optimized and structures of the obtained compounds were confirmed by IR, mass spectra, 1H, and 13C NMR. The synthesized compounds were investigated for potential activities on various isolated smooth muscles and against different neurotransmitters using molecular docking. The results show that the synthesized compounds display high affinities towards the active site of the protein 7B2W and the compounds exhibit promising activities on various isolated smooth muscles and against different neurotransmitters.
New cellulose carbamates and cellulose acetate carbamates were prepared by classical addition reaction of isocyanates with alcohols. A Telomerization technique was used to make the grafted molecules ...strongly anchored and more hydrophobic. These molecules were grafted into cellulose and CA chains, respectively. The structures of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared and Thermogravimetric Analysis, and their solubility phenomenon was also established, and the carbamate derivatives showed better solubility compared to cellulose. Their ability to biodegrade was investigated, and it was concluded that Cell-P
and CA-P
derivatives are more biodegradable than the other samples. These results suggest that the resulting compounds can be used effectively in many useful industrial fields, for instance, eco-friendly food packaging, domains that use materials that are environmentally friendly and sustainable and the development of green chemistry.
Two pyrimidine-pyrazole derivatives have been investigated as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic medium using weight loss measurement, polarization curve and electrochemical impedance ...spectroscopy (EIS). The results obtained reveal that these compounds perform as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1 M HCl. The values of inhibition efficiency calculated from three experimental techniques are reasonably in good agreement. The adsorption process of these compounds on surface of mild steel obeys to El Awady isotherm. Also, the adsorption process of inhibitors studied explaining by surface analysis (EDX). This work followed by in silico approach studies. Firstly, we used Marvinsketch.18 program in order to detect predominant form of inhibitors in electrolytic solution and then computed by Gaussian 09 based on the DFT method at B3LYP/6-31G (d,p).The results obtained theoretically are in good correlation with those obtained experimentally.
•A new bio-based composite prepared by two methods: casting and double decomposition.•The casting method provides a water-soluble film, that's rough and non-flexible.•Developed membranes have ...extraction efficiency suitable for the toxic material.•Analysis data has shown effective interactions between hydroxyapatite and CMC plasticized with lysine.•Antibacterial and antifungal analysis has shown that the composites exhibit both antifungal and antimicrobial activities.
Development of a cost-effective technology for extraction and quantification of carcinogenic and toxic organic materials which are widely used in the industry are critical to humans. Membrane technology received much attention and has already been widely used in this area. In this work, we offer a newly developed bio-based nanocomposite membrane for removal of bisphenol-A (BPA) from water. Three natural components hydroxyapatite (HAp), carboxymethyl cellulose and lysine as a diluent were used for making the bio-based membrane. The membrane was fabricated by two different methods, the conventional casting method and the double decomposition method. Analysis and testing results showed that, membrane produced by the casting method is rough, stiff and partially soluble in water. However, the film made by the double decomposition method is smooth, flexible, and has low water solubility. The physicochemical characteristics of the prepared membranes were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA). The morphology and components interface were observed by X-ray wide angle (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron microscopy (SEM/FEG). The spectral and crystallographic data showed the presence of an effective interaction between hydroxyapatite and CMC plasticized with lysine. Results also show that, the particles size of the composite decrease as the content of CMC increases, with an increase of a 2% by weight of CMC the size increases by 18±3nm. Produced membrane composite could be classified as tri-functional material: it could be useful for extracting toxic material bisphenol A (BPA) from baby food containers; has antimicrobial and antifungal properties; and a valuable candidate for use in bone tissue engineering.
In this study, tin dioxide nanoparticles (SnO
NPs) were successfully synthesized through an eco-friendly method using basil leaves extract. The fabricated SnO
NPs demonstrated significant adsorption ...capabilities for phenol (PHE), p-nitrophenol (P-NP), and p-methoxyphenol (P-MP) from water matrices. Optimal conditions for maximum removal efficiency was determined for each phenolic compound, with PHE showing a remarkable 95% removal at a 3 ppm, 0.20 g of SnO
NPs, pH 8, and 30 min of agitation at 35 °C. Molecular docking studies unveiled a potential anticancer mechanism, indicating the ability of SnO
NPs to interact with the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase domain and inhibit its activity. The adsorption processes followed pseudo-second order kinetics and Temkin isotherm model, revealing spontaneous, exothermic, and chemisorption-controlled mechanisms. This eco-friendly approach utilizing plant extracts was considered as a valuable tool for nano-sorbent production. The SnO
NPs not only exhibit promise in water treatment and also demonstrate potential applications in cancer therapy. Characterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) provided comprehensive insights into the results.
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) attracts interest as a biomaterial for use in bone substitution or allografts. In the current work, biomaterial nanocomposites based on HAp and pectin were synthesized by using ...the double decomposition method, which involved using pectin extracted from fresh cladodes of the prickly pear, Opuntia ficus-indica. The crystallinity, purity, and several analytical techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were used to understand the surface’s shape. The results revealed that the produced HAp/pectin nanoparticles are pure, spherical, and amorphous. The spectroscopic data indicated a substantial interaction between HAp and pectin, specifically between Ca (II) and pectin hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. The presence of pectin showed a noticeable influence on the prepared nanocomposite texture and porosity. We further assess the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the developed nanocomposite against a number of pathogenic bacteria and fungi, evaluated by the well diffusion method. In the absence of pectin, the XRD analysis revealed that the HAp nanoparticles had 10.93% crystallinity. When the pectin concentration reached 10 wt.%, it was reduced to approximately 7.29%. All synthesized nanocomposites demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria in addition to various fungi (e.g., Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium funiculosum, and Trichoderma viride). This study endorses the HAp/Pectin nanocomposite as an efficient antimicrobial material for biomedical advanced applications.
The utilization of organic compounds has been established to be perhaps the best, most proficient, and most powerful method for controlling corrosion. Organic compounds extend into benefits by ...complexing at the metal-environment interface applying their electron-dense centers, which are known as binding centers. Though, because they have small molecular size, they do not have satisfactory corrosion protection. Accordingly, there is an exceptional requirement for major atomic changes. Toward this path, unique accentuation is put on the utilization of epoxy resins (ERs)-based synthetic monomers as inhibitors for corrosion. The nature of the structure that includes polar functional groups makes the monomers adsorb strongly on the metal surface and give remarkable metal protection. This review report gives a concise outline of the most recent improvements in the utilization of ERs as corrosion inhibitors. This report gives a short outline of the consumption and general utilization of various sorts of ERs and corrosion inhibition processes.
Nablus city is an important urban and industrial center in the West Bank, Palestine. The topography of the city, combined with multiple sources of air pollution, creates a potential air quality ...problem that might affect human health. The indoor and outdoor particle concentration distributions of PM
10
, PM
5.0
, PM
2.5
, and PM
1.0
were measured using a Grimm aerosol spectrometer from December 2014 to November 2015, at four roadsides and four urban homes in Nablus. The results of the annual averages of PM
10
and PM
2.5
concentrations were found to be at least three times higher than that of the European Air Quality Standards both in indoors and outdoors. The difference in the results between both the roadside and the urban areas was attributed to human and industrial activities in Nablus. The results revealed that the highest concentrations of the particulate matters are during summer, especially June and July, in the roadside areas due to heavy industrial activities during these months. The same behavior was noticed for urban areas during summer and due to other human activities. The results of indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios were found to be less than, but very close to, 1 for both roadside and urban areas in summer and winter months. In winter times, areas with poor ventilation indicated the existence of additional sources of PM within the indoor environments, especially when smoking cigarettes and using fuel-based heaters such as fireplaces gas and kerosene heaters.
The rheological behaviors of four aromatic amine-based epoxy monomers for were evaluated and compared. The four epoxy monomers are useful for making cross-linked epoxy resin, the monomers are ...triglycidyl-2 aminophenol (TGAP), triglycidyl-2-aminothiophenol (TGATP), tetra-functional tetraglycidyl-1,2-phenylenediamine (TGPDA), and tetraglycidyl-4-methyl-1,2-phenylenediamine (TGMPDA). The monomers were cured with 4, 4’-methylene dianiline (MDA). The rheological behaviors of the cured products were also evaluated. The cured epoxy monomers were characterized by FT-IR and the curing process was monitored using a Haake Mars rheometer equipped with a cone-plate geometry. During the curing process, the change in the viscosity was monitored as a function of time at various temperatures. The temperatures ranged from 120 °C to 150 °C. The curing process was temperature dependent; at 150 and 120 °C, a sharp rise in the viscosity was observed. The viscosity of TGPDA-MDA and TGMPDA-MDA (tetra-functional) showed a higher increase in the viscosity compared to other matrices an indication of faster formation of the 3D network. The storage moduli G’ and the loss moduli and G” conditions of the macromolecular matrix structures of TGMPDA-MDA was higher than that of the macromolecular matrix structures of TGAP-MDA, TGATP-MDA and TGPDA-MDA. Quantum chemical calculations were performed using the density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the influence of electronic and molecular structure of the investigated compounds before and after cross-linking with MDA unit(s) of the examined epoxy resins.
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