Sukweenadi J, Yunita O, Setiawan F, Kartini, Siagian MT, Danduru AP, Avanti C. 2020. Antioxidant Activity Screening of Seven Indonesian Herbal Extract. Biodiversitas 21: 2062-2067. Kumis kucing ...(Orthosiphon stamineus), pegagan (Centella asiatica), seledri (Apium graveolens), kunyit (Curcuma domestica), temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis) and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) are herbs that commonly used in the Indonesia folk medicine. The constituents that responsible for several important biological activities are phenolic and flavonoid compounds which also possess antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity of those seven Indonesian herbal extracts was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. The extraction was done with the reflux method by using 80% ethanol as a solvent. The total phenol and total flavonoids from each herbal extract were measured using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and spectrophotometry. Antioxidant activity results by DPPH method on O. stamineus, C. asiatica, A. graveolens, C. domestica, C. xanthorrhiza, S. arvensis, and P. niruri showed IC50 value at 132; ND; 2221; 361; 538; 1118; and 102 ppm, respectively. Results from ABTS method, showed IC50 value at 22; 1199; 169; 100; 82; 143; and 20 ppm respectively. While results from the FRAP method showed that the ethanolic extract of P. niruri at a concentration of 20 ppm possesses the strongest antioxidant activity (17.41 ppm AEAC/ppm extract). The content of total phenolic compounds are 22.50; 0.67; 2.16; 11.40; 7.80; 7.22; and 2.62% GAE, while the total flavonoid compounds were 19.88; 6.67; 4.06; 71.02; 34.62; 3.78; and 8.34% QE, respectively. It can be concluded that ethanolic extract of P. niruri and O. stamineus obtain the highest antioxidant activity based on DPPH, ABTS and FRAP method.
Moringa oleifera is one of the popular functional foods that has been tremendously exploited for synthesis of a vast majority of metal nanoparticles (NPs). The diverse secondary metabolites present ...in this plant turn it into a green tool for synthesis of different NPs with various biological activities. In this review, we discussed different types of NPs including silver, gold, titanium oxide, iron oxide, and zinc oxide NPs produced from the extract of different parts of M. oleifera. Different parts of M. oleifera take a role as the reducing, stabilizing, capping agent, and depending on the source of extract, the color of solution changes within NP synthesis. We highlighted the role of polyphenols in the synthesis of NPs among major constituents of M. oleifera extract. The different synthesis methods that could lead to the formation of various sizes and shapes of NPs and play crucial role in biomedical application were critically discussed. We further debated the mechanism of interaction of NPs with various sizes and shapes with the cells, and further their clearance from the body. The application of NPs made from M. oleifera extract as anticancer, antimicrobial, wound healing, and water treatment agent were also discussed. Small NPs show better antimicrobial activity, while they can be easily cleared from the body through the kidney. In contrast, large NPs are taken by the mono nuclear phagocyte system (MPS) cells. In case of shape, the NPs with spherical shape penetrate into the bacteria, and show stronger antibacterial activity compared to the NPs with other shapes. Finally, this review aims to correlate the key characteristics of NPs made from M. oleifera extract, such as size and shape, to their interactions with the cells for designing and engineering them for bio-applications and especially for therapeutic purposes.
Tobacco cultivation is prevalent in Indonesia and contributes significantly to the economy. However, it has negative impacts on social, health, and environmental conditions. The tobacco waste ...generated is classified as pre-harvest and post-harvest waste, which can be utilized to extract nicotine and recycle essential nutrients. Nicotine has various biological activities and potential health benefits. The extraction of nicotine from tobacco waste is a pressing issue to provide a valuable resource for various industries and reduce the environmental harm caused by burning tobacco waste. The study optimized the HPLC conditions for the detection of nicotine, including the mobile phase composition and flow rate, using a UV detector and a C18 column. The optimal eluent composition was Acetate Buffer: Methanol: Acetonitrile with a ratio of 30:50:20, and the optimal flow rate was 0.2 mL min -1 . Additionally, it was found that the nicotine content of tobacco stem samples was higher than that of tobacco dust samples. Overall, this study provides valuable information on the extraction and analysis of nicotine in tobacco samples using HPLC, which can have important implications on developing sustainable tobacco production practices to minimize the negative impacts of tobacco cultivation on social, health, and environmental conditions.
Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) is one of the traditional medicines of the Zingiberaceae family, which contains phenolic ketone compounds, including gingerol and shogaol. At high ...temperatures, gingerol compounds become unstable and will change into shogaol. This study optimized conditions for the simultaneous separation of 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol and 6-shogaol from the red ginger extract using the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography method. The analytical conditions consisted of five different methods by modifying the composition of the mobile phase, the elution system, the flow rate of the mobile phase and the optimum UV wavelength. The best conditions for the simultaneous separation using a ratio of water: acetonitrile mobile phase in method 4 with a gradient elution system including 0 min (65:35); 1.5 min (40:60); 5-6.5 min (10:90); 7.5–9 min (0:100); 9.5–12 min (65:35); the mobile phase flow rate was 1.1 mL/min at an optimum wavelength of 230 nm with a retention time of 6-gingerol compound, 6-shogaol, 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol respectively were 4.947; 6.168; 6.554; and 7.412 min and its resolution were 2.267; 1.575; 1.315; and 2.215. Then the tailings factor and asymmetry values were obtained with an average value of ± 1.
The accumulation of chemical fertilizers that harm the environment is one of the major Indonesian agricultural problems. However, it still has less effect on potato production and yield. The ...discovery and use of bacteria that have the potential as plant growth-promoting agents (PGPR) is a breakthrough that can help to increase growth to increase production, especially in potato plants. In this study, several bacteria successfully isolated from the rhizosphere and root tissue of potato plants ( Solanum tuberosum L.) were isolated from potato farms in Plaosan Village. Several in vitro screenings were carried out to assess the functional activity of plant growth promoters, including the IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) production test, siderophore production test, ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase production test and phosphate dissolution test. Based on the screening results, five isolates were considered as the best inoculants, there are R1.3, R2.2, JR2.1, E1.2 and E1.2.1. All R1.3, R2.2, E1.2 and E1.2.1 isolates were known to have the ability to produce phytohormones IAA, ACC deaminase, and siderophores. In contrast, JR2.1 isolate was not known to have the ability to fix nitrogen and produce IAA, ACC deaminase and siderophores. These isolates could be used as potential biofertilizer inoculants and provide a step towards sustainable agriculture.
Innovations in food biotechnology reflect the increasing demand for healthy food and the change in conventional dietary patterns to plant-based diets, encouraging the development of functional ...products and opening new perspectives for industry interests. In addition, the development of vegetable-based products is supported by several studies that state that plant-based diets help reduce the risk of diseases, reduce stress, and even help maintain healthy body weight, making this diet a promising development for the future. The industry mainly uses fermentation techniques to obtain plant-based foodstuffs. However, fermentation is just one method that can develop probiotic products. Other methods include high moisture extrusion cooking and applying shear cells, for instance, for developing vegetable meats. This article summarizes trends and shifts in eating preferences, the response of the respective industry, and the future potential of plant-based products.
Plant-based; Diet; Alternative product.
Polyphenolic compounds have many benefits, one of which being their efficacy as antioxidants. They can be extracted from various parts of plants and from agricultural waste. In this research, ...sugarcane pulp, and empty palm fruit bunches from the palm oil production were investigated as potential raw materials. This study aims to determine solvents and easy-to-perform extraction methods that show the highest effectivity in regards to total phenolic and flavonoid yield and the correlated antioxidant activity. Extraction methods comprised maceration, Soxhlet extraction, and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE); solvents that were investigated included water, 70% methanol and 70% ethanol. The antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH (diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method and FRAP (Ferric Reduction Ability of Plasma) method. Based on the amount of polyphenol compounds as well as the antioxidant activity, the experiments showed that Soxhlet extraction with 70% methanol as solvent worked best for palm bunch waste and sugar cane pulp, resulted in about two times higher values for total phenolic content, flavonoid content and FRAP antioxidant activity as well as extract mass (yield) compared to the results from other extraction methods or solvents used in this experiment. The antioxidant activity of the extracts as measured by DPPH method seemed also to be promising, although the trend among solvent and extraction method was rather inconclusive.
Antioxidants, Empty palm fruit bunches, Extraction, Sugarcane pulp.
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 704B (CYP704B), a member of the
CYP86
clan, was found to be needed in
Arabidopsis
and rice to biosynthesize precursors of sporopollenin through oxidizing fatty acids. In ...the present study, we cloned and characterized a
CYP704B
gene in
Panax ginseng
, named
PgCYP704B1
. It shared high sequence identity (98–99%) with
CYP704
of
Arabidopsis
,
Theobroma cacao
, and
Morus notabilis
. The phylogenetic comparison of ginseng and higher plants between the members of
CYP86
clan revealed that ginseng
CYP704
was categorized as a group of
CYP704B
with dicot plants. The expression of
PgCYP704B1
is low in the stem, leaf, and fruit, and high in flower buds, particularly detected in the young gametic cell and tapetum layer of the developing anther.
Arabidopsis
plants overexpressing
PgCYP704B1
improved plant biomass such as plant height, siliques and seed number and size. A cytological observation by transverse and longitudinal semi-thin sections of the siliques cuticles revealed that the cell length increased. Furthermore a chemical analysis showed that
PgCYP704B1
ox lines increased their cutin monomers contents in the siliques. Our results suggest that
PgCYP704B1
has a conserved role during male reproduction for fatty acid biosynthesis and its overexpression increases cutin monomers in siliques that eventually could be used for seed production.
•Scale-up optimization was done for green synthesis of Ag NPs from Plantago major l.•Optimization process yielded almost nine times higher Ag NPs.•Well-dispersed spherical and Ag NPs with size ...ranging from 10 to 20 nm were obtained.•Synthesized Ag NPs show promising antibacterial activities.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) utilizing plant extracts has been widely optimized these days because of its eco-friendly, simple, and cost-effective manner. This present study was performed to evaluate the scale-up trial on synthesis parameter and centrifugation duration of Plantago major L. leaf ethanolic extract in the green synthesis of Ag NPs. Leaf extract concentration of 0.25%, 70 °C of temperature, 60 min of synthesis time, and 30 min of centrifugation time were concluded as the optimized scale-up condition of green synthesis. The scale-up trial resulted in spherical silver nanoparticles with an average size 12.2±5.11 nm, proven from various spectroscopic (UV–Vis, EDS, FTIR), microscopic observations (SEM, FE-TEM), and other observations (SAED, DLS, XRD). The synthesized Ag NPs also exhibit promising antibacterial activity against several tested bacteria at 20 μg mL−1 of dosage. This study offers nine times higher yield of the synthesized Ag NPs (107.2±6.82 mg) at about the same making time of smaller scale of green synthesis. Sufficient nanoparticles will provide flexibility to carry out its characterization in an efficient manner and further bioactivity test and/or formulation experiments, such as in cosmetics, medical ointments, and other pharmaceutical products.
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