The Connell-Jones Endowed Chair Diversity Nursing Research Scholars Program was created to promote engagement in nursing research and scholarship among nurses of color. Preliminary evaluation ...suggests that the program was widely beneficial, resulting in enrollment in doctoral education for some. Establishing opportunities that promote exposure and participation in nursing research and scholarship among nurses of color helps cultivate cohorts of diverse nurses armed to address health disparities through the advancement of nursing knowledge.
In plants where seed dispersal is limited compared with pollen dispersal, hybridisation may enhance gene exchange and species dispersal. We provide genetic evidence of hybridisation contributing to ...the expansion of the rare Eucalyptus risdonii into the range of the widespread Eucalyptus amygdalina. These closely related tree species are morphologically distinct, and observations suggest that natural hybrids occur along their distribution boundaries and as isolated trees or in small patches within the range of E. amygdalina. Hybrid phenotypes occur outside the range of normal dispersal for E. risdonii seed, yet in some hybrid patches small individuals resembling E. risdonii occur and are hypothesised to be a result of backcrossing. Using 3362 genome‐wide SNPs assessed from 97 individuals of E. risdonii and E. amygdalina and 171 hybrid trees, we show that (i) isolated hybrids match the genotypes expected of F1/F2 hybrids, (ii) there is a continuum in the genetic composition among the isolated hybrid patches from patches dominated by F1/F2‐like genotypes to those dominated by E. risdonii‐backcross genotypes, and (iii) the E. risdonii‐like phenotypes in the isolated hybrid patches are most‐closely related to proximal larger hybrids. These results suggest that the E. risdonii phenotype has been resurrected in isolated hybrid patches established from pollen dispersal, providing the first steps in its invasion of suitable habitat by long‐distance pollen dispersal and complete introgressive displacement of E. amygdalina. Such expansion accords with the population demographics, common garden performance data, and climate modelling which favours E. risdonii and highlights a role of interspecific hybridisation in climate change adaptation and species expansion.
The purpose of a practice discipline's terminal degree is to develop wise scholars to guide the profession in anticipating and meeting the health-related needs of those served via philosophical, ...conceptual/theoretical, and empirical inquiry on behalf of professional practice. Each of these dimensions is important for the discipline's ability to meet its obligations to society. However, contemporary circumstances have created a context within which the maturation of the profession may be threatened by an imbalance among the three dimensions of PhD education. Specifically, we discuss the possibility of a tilt toward the empirical at the expense of the other two. Yet, the philosophical and conceptual/theoretical dimensions are those that have permitted core disciplinary knowledge to be developed. We aim to create a dialog about current challenges and the responsibilities of the discipline's scholars for stewardship of the discipline and offer some strategies to ensure balance among the three equally important dimensions.
Purpose
To evaluate the content and psychometric properties of comprehensive nursing assessment tools developed based on The Eleven Functional Health Patterns Assessment Framework.
Methods
An ...integrative literature review following Whittemore and Knafl's method and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. Searches on PubMed, Cinahl, and Virtual Health Library were conducted between September and December 2018.
Findings
Six out of 146 records were included for review. Four articles were methodological studies and two were descriptive reports of the development of the tools. Tools were heterogenous in terms of their purpose, development, characteristics, and testing. Only one study provided data about construct validity. However, there were commonalities regarding the data that should be assessed in each tool.
Conclusions
Few comprehensive nursing assessment tools using The Eleven Functional Health Patterns Assessment Framework are available. Purpose, process of development, characteristics, and testing varied among the tools, and most lack robust psychometric testing.
Implications for nursing practice
This review provided a synthesis of the literature regarding the use of a discipline‐specific framework to guide comprehensive nursing assessment. The differences across the tools and the lack of psychometric testing compromise the visibility of nursing and make it difficult to emphasize the contribution of nursing knowledge to patient care.
Resumo
Objetivo
Avaliar o conteúdo e as propriedades psicométricas de instrumentos compreensivos de coleta de dados de enfermagem desenvolvidos com base no modelo dos Onze Padrões Funcionais de Saúde.
Método
Revisão integrativa da literatura que seguiu o método de Whittemore e Knafl e os Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. Realizou‐se buscas no PubMed, Cinahl e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde entre Setembro e Dezembro de 2018.
Resultados
Seis das 146 citações recuperadas foram incluídas na revisão. Quatro artigos eram estudos metodológicos e dois eram relatos descritivos do desenvolvimento dos instrumentos. Os instrumentos eram heterogêneos em termos de finalidades, desenvolvimento, características e teste. Apenas um estudo forneceu dados sobre a validade de constructo. Entretanto, os instrumentos partilham de aspectos em comum em relação aos dados que devem ser coletados.
Conclusões
Poucos instrumentos de coleta de dados de enfermagem que utilizam o modelo dos Onze Padrões Funcionais de Saúde estão disponíveis. Finalidades, processo de desenvolvimento, características e testagem dos instrumentos variaram entre os instrumentos. Para a maioria deles não há evidências psicométricas robustas de validade.
Implicações para a Prática de Enfermagem
Esta revisão forneceu uma síntese da literatura em relação ao uso de um modelo específico da disciplina para nortear a coleta compreensiva de dados de enfermagem. As diferenças entre os instrumentos e a falta de evidências psicométricas de validade comprometem a visibilidade da enfermagem e tornam difícil destacar a contribuição específica da enfermagem no cuidado do paciente.
We assess phylogenetic patterns of hybridization in the speciose, ecologically and economically important genus Eucalyptus, in order to better understand the evolution of reproductive isolation. ...Eucalyptus globulus pollen was applied to 99 eucalypt species, mainly from the large commercially important subgenus, Symphyomyrtus. In the 64 species that produce seeds, hybrid compatibility was assessed at two stages, hybrid-production (at approximately 1 month) and hybrid-survival (at 9 months), and compared with phylogenies based on 8,350 genome-wide DArT (diversity arrays technology) markers. Model fitting was used to assess the relationship between compatibility and genetic distance, and whether or not the strength of incompatibility "snowballs" with divergence. There was a decline in compatibility with increasing genetic distance between species. Hybridization was common within two closely related clades (one including E. globulus), but rare between E. globulus and species in two phylogenetically distant clades. Of three alternative models tested (linear, slowdown, and snowball), we found consistent support for a snowball model, indicating that the strength of incompatibility accelerates relative to genetic distance. Although we can only speculate about the genetic basis of this pattern, it is consistent with a Dobzhansky-Muller-model prediction that incompatibilities should snowball with divergence due to negative epistasis. Different rates of compatibility decline in the hybrid-production and hybrid-survival measures suggest that early-acting postmating barriers developed first and are stronger than later-acting barriers. We estimated that complete reproductive isolation can take up to 21-31 My in Eucalyptus. Practical implications for hybrid eucalypt breeding and genetic risk assessment in Australia are discussed.
The Nursing Theory-Guided Practice Expert Panel (NTGP-EP), one of the 14 Expert Panels, is officially designated to advance the mission and strategic goals of the American Academy of Nursing. The ...NTGP-EP has created a forum for dialogue among nurse scholars interested in advancing nursing theory to promote health and wellbecoming. The purpose of this paper is to share the important work of the NTGP-EP and its history, contributions, and accomplishments, and to propose a member-driven agenda to re-envision our preferred future and the impact of the use of nursing theory to guide nursing education, research, practice, and policy.
The Nursing Theory-Guided Practice Expert Panel (NTGP-EP), one of the 14 Expert Panels, is officially designated to advance the mission and strategic goals of the American Academy of Nursing. The ...NTGP-EP has created a forum for dialogue among nurse scholars interested in advancing nursing theory to promote health and wellbecoming. The purpose of this paper is to share the important work of the NTGP-EP and its history, contributions, and accomplishments, and to propose a member-driven agenda to re-envision our preferred future and the impact of the use of nursing theory to guide nursing education, research, practice, and policy.
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•A robust phylogeny for a globally significant Eucalyptus lineage is constructed.•Genome-wide markers and an unprecedented scale of sampling (540 samples covering 185 taxa) are ...used.•Inconsistencies between morphological treatments and the molecular phylogeny are revealed at all taxonomic levels.•Incomplete speciation, hybridisation and morphological convergence have impacted this lineage.•Recommendations for taxonomic revision are given.
We used genome-wide markers and an unprecedented scale of sampling to construct a phylogeny for a globally significant Eucalyptus lineage that has been impacted by hybridisation, recent radiation and morphological convergence. Our approach, using 3109 DArT markers distributed throughout the genome and 540 samples covering 185 terminal taxa in sections Maidenaria, Exsertaria, Latoangulatae and related smaller sections, with multiple geographically widespread samples per terminal taxon, produced a phylogeny that largely matched the morphological treatment of sections, though sections Exsertaria and Latoangulatae were polyphyletic. At lower levels there were numerous inconsistencies between the morphological treatment and the molecular phylogeny, and taxa within the three main sections were generally not monophyletic at the series (at least 62% polyphyly) or species (at least 52% polyphyly) level. Some of the discrepancies appear to be the result of morphological convergence or misclassifications, and we propose some taxonomic reassessments to address this. However, many inconsistencies appear to be the products of incomplete speciation and/or hybridisation. Our analysis represents a significant advance on previous phylogenies of these important eucalypt sections (which have mainly used single samples to represent each species), thus providing a robust phylogenetic framework for evolutionary and ecological studies.
Eucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus Labill. (Tasmanian Blue Gum), native to southeast Australia, is a benchmark species for the pulp and paper industry. We genotyped 397 trees from 16 populations of ...E. globulus representing the native diversity in Australia using 24 microsatellite loci. Eight genetically distinct groups were detected, consistent with genetic groupings detected in previous quantitative and molecular studies. A sample of 29 Portuguese individuals was added to help clarify the origin of the Portuguese landrace. The results suggest a southern and eastern Tasmania origin for the Portuguese landrace. This genetic framework will enable researchers to investigate the provenance of individuals of unknown pedigree and assess the levels of representation of E. globulus natural variation in the Portuguese landrace.
Cortical reorganization subsequent to post-stroke motor rehabilitative training (RT) has been extensively examined in animal models and humans. However, similar studies focused on the effects of ...motor training after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are lacking. We previously reported that after a moderate/severe TBI in adult male rats, functional improvements in forelimb use were accomplished only with a combination of skilled forelimb reach training and aerobic exercise, with or without nonimpaired forelimb constraint. Thus, the current study was designed to examine the relationship between functional motor cortical map reorganization after experimental TBI and the behavioral improvements resulting from this combinatorial rehabilitative regime. Adult male rats were trained to proficiency on a skilled reaching task, received a unilateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) over the forelimb area of the caudal motor cortex (CMC). Three days post-CCI, animals began RT (n = 13) or no rehabilitative training (NoRT) control procedures (n = 13). The RT group participated in daily skilled reach training, voluntary aerobic exercise, and nonimpaired forelimb constraint. This RT regimen significantly improved impaired forelimb reaching success and normalized reaching strategies, consistent with previous findings. RT also enlarged the area of motor cortical wrist representation, derived by intracortical microstimulation, compared to NoRT. These findings indicate that sufficient RT can greatly improve motor function and improve the functional integrity of remaining motor cortex after a moderate/severe CCI. When compared with findings from stroke models, these findings also suggest that more intense RT may be needed to improve motor function and remodel the injured cortex after TBI.
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