Introduction. Periapical inflammatory lesions are local bone responses around the apex of a tooth that occur after necrosis of the pulp tissue. The ultimate goal of reconstructive surgical techniques ...in the treatment of the intra-bone defects is a regeneration of lost bone tissue. The aim of this report was to evaluate clinical and radiographic outcome following the removal of two big, periapical lesions, approximately of the same size, located around maxillary lateral incisors, in the same person at the same time, using two different regenerative approaches. Case report. A healthy, 21-year-old female presented with two large periapical lesions around both upper lateral incisors, and a surgical treatment was indicated. One residual defect (tooth #12) was filled with the mixture of bovinederived hydroxyapatite xenograft and platelet rich fibrin (PRF) gel and covered with PRF membrane, while the other (tooth #22) was filled with bovine-derived hydroxyapatite xenograft only and covered with a resorbable collagen membrane. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed seven months after the surgery. All clinical and radiographic parameters were significantly improved after the treatment on both sites; however, a newly formed bone around the tooth 12 showed a higher bone density. Conclusion. The use of PRF significantly speeded up filling of the defect compared to bovine- derived hydroxyapatite xenograft.
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The circular economy (CE) is currently a worldwide popular concept that should ensure sustainable development and resource efficiency. It is established on the theory of consumption and use of ...resources in the process of production in a way that affects a limitation of adverse effects on the environment. Simultaneously, this concept creates additional value and reuse of the products. In the Republic of Serbia (RS), the idea of CE is still new and underdeveloped. Hence, this paper aims to explore the possibility of implementing a CE in companies that operate in the RS by adopting the already developed methodology in the European Union. This research was conducted by monitoring the production process in the company "MB INTERNACIONAL" that produced cardboard packaging. The obtained approximate value of Circular Indicator of this company was 0.47, which indicated that the company had excellent chances for full implementation of the CE model in the business with the application of specific measures. The low-budget and highbudget measures, which could improve the circularity level in the analyzed company, are also presented in the research.
Bacterial contamination of blood components, primarily platelet concentrates (PCs), has been identified as one of the most frequent infectious complications in transfusion practice. PC units have a ...high risk for bacterial growth/multiplication due to their storage at ambient temperature (20 +/- 2 degrees C). Consequences of blood contamination could be effectively prevented or reduced by pathogen inactivation systems. The aim of this study was to determine the Mirasol pathogen reduction technology (PRT) system efficacy in PCs using an artificial bacteria-contamination model.
According to the ABO blood groups, PC units (n = 216) were pooled into 54 pools (PC-Ps). PC-Ps were divided into three equal groups, with 18 units in each, designed for an artificial bacteria-contamination. Briefly, PC-Ps were contaminated by Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli in concentrations 10(2) to 10(7) colony forming units (CFU) per unit. Afterward, PC-Ps were underwent to inactivation by Mirasol PRT system, using UV (lambda = 265-370 nm) activated riboflavin (RB). All PC-Ps were assayed by BacT/Alert Microbial Detection System for CFU quantification before and after the Mirasol treatment. Samples from non-inactivated PC-P units were tested after preparation and immediately following bacterial contamination. Samples from Mirasol treated units were quantified for CFUs one hour, 3 days and 5 days after inactivation. Results. A complete inactivation of all bacteria species was obtained at CFU concentrations of 10(2) and 10(3) per PC-P unit through storage/investigation period. The most effective inactivation (10(5) CFU per PC-P unit) was obtained in Escherichia coli setting. Contrary, inactivation of all the three tested bacteria species was unworkable in concentrations of > or = 10(6) CFU per PC-P unit.
Efficient inactivation of investigated bacteria types with a significant CFU depletion in PC-P units was obtained--3 Log for all three tested species, and 5 Log for Escherichia coli. The safety of blood component therapy, primarily the clinical use of PCs can be improved using the Mirasol PRT system.
Introduction: Hypertension is a condition which represents one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. High sodium intake contributes to occurrence of hypertension, ...increasing the volume of extracellular fluid. Therefore, World Health Organization (WHO) and other associations involved with hypertension research advise to decrease intake of sodium. Effervescent dosage forms usually contain high levels of sodium which could lead to above mentioned health issues. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of sodium in the effervescent dosage forms available in the Serbian drug market. Methods: Data about sodium levels, and excipients was obtained from Summary of Product Characteristics from website of Medicines and Medical Devices Agency of Serbia (ALIMS). Maximum daily doses recommended by the manufacturer and approved by ALIMS were observed. Exposure to sodium through consumption of maximum daily doses was calculated as percentages of the adequate daily intake given by Food and Nutrition Board (Institute of Medicine, National Academies, Washington D.C., USA), and also as percentage of recommended daily intake of sodium given by WHO. Results: There are five formulations with exposure to sodium through consumption of maximum daily doses higher than 100% of the adequate daily intake (2 g), all of which are effervescent tablet formulations. The highest exposure to sodium was found in effervescent tablets containing acetylsalycic acid (500 mg) as active pharmaceutical ingredient: 250.62 % for people aged 51 to 70 years; 271.50 % for people aged 70 and older. Conclusion: In effervescent dosage forms available on Serbian market, level of sodium can be very high, even up to 271.50% of adequate daily intake when maximum daily doses are consumed. Major cause for concern is for vascular patients who use effervescents for chronic therapy. This data should be considered during prescribing and dispensing this category of medicines as well as during analyzing pharmacovigilance.
Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem. Adherence to national guidelines is one of the key factors necessary for the rational use of antibiotics. Aim: The aim of the study was to ...examine characteristics of antibiotic prescribing practice in primary health care in Novi Sad. Method: The analysis was designed as a descriptive, cross-sectional study based on the data obtained from the health institution Cvejić Pharmacy. The guidelines available to physicians at the time of prescribing were used to assess the compliance of the prescribed antibiotics with the guidelines. Additionally, the most frequently dispensed antibiotics for all diagnoses were recorded and results were expressed as a percentage of frequency of analyzed antibiotic prescriptions. Results: The study has shown that antibiotic prescriptions make 5.48% of all prescriptions (719 out of 13115), 513 (71.35%) of which were established by national guidelines, and 206 (28.65%) for less frequent diagnoses which was not included in national guidelines. In the study sample, 297 (65.42%) terapeutical regimes had adequate terapeutical dosage. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic groups were: macrolides (35.18%), penicillins (28.68%) and cephalosporins (14.60%). Conclusions: Irrational prescribing and dispensing of antibiotics is both national and global problem. It is necessary to pay close attention to antibiotics prescribing and dispensing. The focus should be on national guidelines and their extension.
Introduction: Paracetamol is analgesic and antipyretic, which is usually in the form of an immediate release tablet formulations. Therapeutic effects in terms of the speed and intensity of the ...analgesic effect is dependent on speed of liberation from formulation. Aim: The aim of this work was to determine and compare dissolution profiles of 4 paracetamol immediate release tablet formulations and to determine influence of excipients on kinetic of paracetamol dissolution. Materials and Methods: Dissolution profiles of paracetamol tablets were determined using method with paddles and phosphate buffer pH 6.8 as a medium. Release of paracetamol was followed 60 minutes (using 6 time points). Concentration of paracetamol was measured using UV/Vis spectrophotometric method (243 nm). Dissolution profiles were compared using model-independent method (difference factor and similarity factor), statistic method (ANOVA-based method and pair Student's T-test, p<0.05) and model dependent methods (to determinate the release kinetics of paracetamol). Results: All formulations in the first 45 minutes liberated more than 85 % of the labled content. Formulation D, which contained superdesintegrator, released 90% of the content in the first 5 minutes. Though based on values of difference and similarity factors formulations are, not significantly different, ANOVA-based method showed that formulation A and B, B and C, as well as formulation B and D do statistically differ in all 6 time points, meaning they have parallel profiles. The release of paracetamol from formulations A and D is best described by the first order kinetic model, while the release of formulations B and C by the logistic model. Conclusions: The release kinetic of paracetamol is mostly influenced by the type of superdisintegrants and lubricants. Formulation with superdisintegrant technology OptiZorb® demonstrated fastes release rate and thus it is expected to produce the fastest pharmacodynamic effect. .
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