ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of different levels (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2%) of yeast culture supplementation on body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production, egg weight, ...egg quality traits, egg yolk fatty acid composition, and microbiological flora in feces. A total of 240 laying hens at 18-19 weeks of age were divided into four groups and fed a basal diet containing 2750 kcal/kg metabolizable energy and 16% crude protein for 16 weeks. The basal diet was supplemented with 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% commercial yeast culture product obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The different levels of yeast culture supplementation to the diets did not statistically affect body weight change among the treatments. However, feed intake was lowest in the group fed 0.2% of yeast culture. The highest egg weights were obtained from the groups fed 0.1 and 0.2% yeast culture, when compared with control group. Regarding fatty acid composition, linolenic acid (C18:2 n6) was lowest in the group fed 0.2% yeast culture. However, yeast culture supplementation to the diet did not alter the microbial flora. Yeast culture (S. cerevisiae) supplementation to the diet of laying hens is beneficial for increasing feed intake and egg weight of laying hens without affecting the microbial flora in their digestive system.
•Dietary black cumin seed and/or coriander seed were used as alternative sources of unsaturated fatty acids in quails.•Growth performance, carcass and organs yields, and carcass characteristics of ...quails remained unaffected.•Net synthesis of SFA and MUFA whereas net catabolism of PUFA was observed in liver irrespective of diets.•Diets containing black cumin seed and/or coriander seed resulted in higher PUFA content in breast meat of quails.
A study was conducted to evaluate the fatty acid composition of liver and breast meat of Japanese quails fed diets containing black cumin seed and/or coriander seed as unsaturated fatty acid sources. A total of 216 one-day-old Japanese quails were assigned to six experimental groups, each consisting of four replicates having 9 birds per replicate. One group served as control group fed diets without black cumin seed and/or coriander seed. Other groups were fed diets containing 1% black cumin seed, 2% black cumin seed, 1% coriander seed, 2% coriander seed, and 1.5% of each of black cumin and coriander seeds. All the diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The trial lasted for 35 days. Body weight (BW) gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were recorded at 1 to 14, 15 to 35, and 1 to 35 days. At the end of experiment, carcass and organ yields, and carcass characteristics were measured. Fatty acid composition of liver and breast meat of quails were determined. Growth performance traits were not different among the groups except for BW gain at 1 to 14 days which was lower (P < 0.05) in quails fed diets containing 2% coriander seed or 1.5% of black cumin and coriander seeds. Dietary black cumin seed and/or coriander seed had no effect on carcass and organ yields, cooking loss, and water holding capacity of breast fillet of quails. However, quails fed control diets had greater (P < 0.05) breast meat pH15 and pHu. C16:0 and C18:1 were identified as the key fatty acids of the liver whereas C16:0, C18:1, and n-6 C18:2 were major contributor of breast meat fatty acids representing about 85% of total fatty acids. Quails fed diets with black cumin seed and/or coriander seed had greater (P = 0.041) n-6 C18:2 concentration in breast meat. Diets containing a combination of black cumin and coriander seeds reduced n-6 C18:3 in breast meat (P = 0.007). Black cumin seed (1% or 2%) in quail diets increased n-3 C18:3 in breast meat (P < 0.001). Total PUFA and total n-6 concentrations, and PUFA:SFA ratio in quail breast meat were lower in control group (P = 0.038, P = 0.005, and P = 0.043, respectively). In conclusion, findings of the present study suggest that black cumin and/or coriander seeds can be used to improve the fatty acid composition of breast meat of quails without any effect on overall growth performance.
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine live weight and body measurements of male and female native ducks raised in different raising systems. One hundred and twenty native ducks (60 ...males, 60 females) were used in the study. The ducks were raised in deep litter floor and cage systems. Live weight and body values were measured every two weeks, until they were 56 days old. Three-parameter logistic regression and Gompertz model were used to determine growth model of male and female ducks. Interactions of time-raising system and time-sex were statistically significant in terms of live weight. At the end of eight weeks, live weights of ducks raised in deep litter floor were higher than ducks raised in cage system. In addition, live weights of male ducks were higher than female ducks. Consequently, deep litter floor is more appropriate for live weight in native ducks. Accuracy rate of Three-parameter Logistic and Gompertz models for estimation of growth in ducks was between 0.91-0.95 and similar results were obtained from both models. The Gompertz model is appropriate for the data structure of this study because it contains fewer iterations than the Three-Parameter Logistic model.
The purpose of this study were to determine effects of fattening systems on fattening performance (n=39) and slaughter and carcass characteristics (n=24) in male Tuj lambs. Three different fattening ...groups were formed as extensive (n=13), semi-intensive (n=13) and intensive (n=13). Lambs in the extensive group were grazed in pasture. In addition to pasture, concentrated feed was given to lambs in the semi-intensive group. High quality fodder and concentrated feed were given to those in the intensive group. The study was completed in 90 d. Final live weights of extensive, semi-intensive and intensive groups were 31.19, 41.22, and 40.56 kg (P<0.001), respectively, and for daily live weight gain were (DLWG) 117.52, 229.66, and 221.11 g (P<0.001), respectively. Feed conversion rates (FCR) were 3.05 and 5.16 respectively in the semi-intensive and intensive fattening. It was found that hot carcass weight was 13.41, 19.51, and 19.89 kg (P<0.001) in extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive fattening groups respectively. Hot carcass yield was 43.11, 46.95, and 49.77% (P<0.001) in extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive fattening groups respectively. Consequently; leg, foreleg, shoulder, neck, flank, and kidney percentages, and spleen and full stomach weights of lambs in the extensive group were higher than in semi-extensive and entensive groups. Although there was no statistical difference between semi-extensive and entensive groups in respect to fattening performance, slaugher weight, hot and cold carcass weights, entensive group was higher than the other groups in respect to hot and cold carcass yield.
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