Taxifolin is a kind of flavanonol, whose biological ability. The objectives of this study were to investigate the antioxidants and antiradical activities of taxifolin by using different in vitro ...bioanalytical antioxidant methods including DMPD√
+
, ABTS√
+
,
, and DPPH√-scavenging effects, the total antioxidant influence, reducing capabilities, and Fe
2+
-chelating activities. Taxifolin demonstrated 81.02% inhibition of linoleic acid emulsion peroxidation at 30 µg/mL concentration. At the same concentration, standard antioxidants including trolox, α-tocopherol, BHT, and BHA exhibited inhibitions of linoleic acid emulsion as 88.57, 73.88, 94.29, and 90.12%, respectively. Also, taxifolin exhibited effective DMPD√
+
, ABTS√
+
,
, and DPPH√-scavenging effects, reducing capabilities, and Fe
2+
-chelating effects. The results obtained from this study clearly showed that taxifolin had marked antioxidant, reducing ability, radical scavenging and metal-chelating activities. Also, this study exhibits a scientific shore for the significant antioxidant activity of taxifolin and its structure-activity insight.
Cynarin is a derivative of hydroxycinnamic acid and it has biologically active functional groups constituent of some plants and food. We elucidated the antioxidant activity of cynarin by using ...different in vitro condition bioanalytical antioxidant assays like DMPD
*+
, ABTS
*+
,
, DPPH
*
and H
2
O
2
scavenging effects, the total antioxidant influence, reducing capabilities, Fe
2+
chelating and anticholinergic activities. Cynarin demonstrated 87.72% inhibition of linoleic acid lipid peroxidation at 30 µg/mL concentration. Conversely, some standard antioxidants like trolox, α-tocopherol, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) exhibited inhibitions of 90.32, 75.26, 97.61, 87.30%, and opponent peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion at the identical concentration, seriatim. Also, cynarin exhibited effective DMPD
*+
, ABTS
*+
,
, DPPH
*
, and H
2
O
2
scavenging effects, reducing capabilities and Fe
2+
chelating effects. On the contrary, IC
50
and K
i
parameters of cynarin for acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition were determined as 243.67 nM (r
2
: 0.9444) and 39.34 ± 13.88 nM, respectively. This study clearly showed that cynarin had marked antioxidant, anticholinergic, reducing ability, radical-scavenging, and metal-binding activities.
Summary
In this study, the influence of milled crust and flour from oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) separately added at different levels (1%, 2% and 3%) on the physical, chemical, sensory, ...colour properties and antioxidant properties of ice creams were investigated. The increment of crust and flour level caused an increase of dry matter, acidity, viscosity, first dripping, complete melting and vitamin C content. Flour increased overrun values in ice cream. Our results indicated that lyophilised oleaster extracts contain remarkable phenolic compounds. It was observed that lyophilised oleaster extracts exhibited a moderate in vitro antioxidant capacity. The addition of oleaster flour and crust positively affected sensory properties. The sensory results showed that ice cream containing 2% oleaster flour was the highest scored by the panellists. Oleaster flour and crust increased the sweetness of ice cream samples. These results showed that considerable nutritive and functional improvement could be attained by the addition of oleaster flour to ice cream formulation so that it could be used as natural antioxidants in ice cream as a source of flavour with complacency.
The overrun values of samples containing (flour of) oleaster were higher than other samples. The lowest overrun value was achieved by 3% crust addition (26.50%), while the highest viscosity value was provided by this sample. It can be speculated that crust addition decreased the overrun value because it raised the viscosity of ice cream samples. The addition of flour or crust of oleaster significantly increased the vitamin C content of ice creams compared to the Control sample (P < 0.05). The highest vitamin C content was found in ice cream containing 3% flour of oleaster (D, 9.33 mg per 100 g) while the lowest was in the Control (A, 2.95 mg per 100 g). The increase was also observed with E, F, G samples containing 1%, 2%, 3% crust of oleaster, although the increase was not as high as flour containing samples..
1-(4-Methylsulfonyl)-2-thione-4-aryl-5-Z-6-methyl and oxyalkyl-imidazoles were synthesized from different tetrahydropyrimidinethiones and aryl sulfonyl chloride. These compunds were tested for metal ...chelating effects and to determine the phrase in which inhibition occured between two physiologically pertinent compunds and carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes I and II (hCA I and II), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). AChE was detected in high concentrations in the brain and red blood cells. BChE is another enzymes that is abundant available in the liver and released into the blood in a soluble form. Newly synthesized hetaryl sulfonamides exhibited impressive inhibition profiles with Ki values in the range of 1.42-6.58 nM against hCA I, 1.72-7.41 nM against hCA II, 0.20-1.14 nM against AChE and 1.55-5.92 nM against BChE. Moreover, acetazolamide showed Ki values of 43.69 ± 6.44 nM against hCA I and 31.67 ± 8.39 nM against hCA II. Additionally, tacrine showed Ki values of 25.75 ± 3.39 nM and 37.82 ± 2.08 against AChE and BChE, respectively.
Abstract
In the present study, in order to evaluate antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of Pistachio gum (P-Gum), different bioanalytical methods such as DPPH scavenging activity, DMPD + ...radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity determination by ferric thiocyanate, reducing ability Fe3+-Fe2+ transformation, Cuprac and FRAP assays, \def\newpage{\vfill \break }
\nopagenumbers
$ {\rm O}_2^{ \bullet - } $
\newpage \end scavenging by riboflavin-methionine-illuminate system and ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating activities by 2,2′-bipyridyl reagent were performed separately. P-Gum inhibited 54.2% linoleic acid peroxidation at 10 µg/ml concentration. On the other hand, BHA, BHT, α-tocopherol and trolox, pure antioxidant compounds, indicated inhibition of 80.3%, 73.5%, 36.2% and 72.0% on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion at the same concentration, respectively. In addition, all of sample had an effective DPPH , DMPD + and \def\newpage{\vfill \break }
\nopagenumbers
$ {\rm O}_2^{ \bullet - } $
\newpage \end scavenging, Fe3+ reducing power by Fe3+-Fe2+ transformation and FRAP assay, Cu2+ reducing ability by Cuprac method and Fe2+ chelating activities.
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are widespread and the most studied members of a great family of metalloenzymes in higher vertebrates including humans. CAs were investigated for their inhibition of all of ...the catalytically active mammalian isozymes of the Zn
2+
-containing CA, (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). On the other hand, acetylcholinesterase (AChE. EC 3.1.1.7), a serine protease, is responsible for ACh hydrolysis and plays a fundamental role in impulse transmission by terminating the action of the neurotransmitter ACh at the cholinergic synapses and neuromuscular junction. In the present study, the inhibition effect of the hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) on AChE activity was evaluated and effectively inhibited AChE with K
i
of 1.22 nM. Also, hydroquinone strongly inhibited some human cytosolic CA isoenzymes (hCA I and II) and tumour-associated transmembrane isoforms (hCA IX, and XII), with K
i
s in the range between micromolar (415.81 μM) and nanomolar (706.79 nM). The best inhibition was observed in cytosolic CA II.
Lactoperoxidase (LPO), an antioxidant enzyme, is a natural antimicrobial system that eliminates the harmful effects of microorganisms in milk. It has a wide range of applications and is also ...preferred in cosmetic and clinical applications, as well as used in foods. The use of antioxidants is well recognized in the food and feed industries to improve the shelf life of products. This study aimed to determine the in vitro inhibition effects of Trolox, α‐tocopherol, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, and propyl gallate, which are commonly used as antioxidants in food and pharmaceutical products. For this purpose, LPO was first purified in a single step using sepharose‐4B‐l‐tyrosine‐sulfanilamide affinity gel chromatography. Also, some inhibition parameters, including half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), Ki values, and inhibition types, were calculated for each antioxidant molecule. The IC50 values of these molecules, which exhibited competitive inhibition, varied between 377.7 and 3397.8 nM. Molecular docking studies were also performed for all compounds. According to the binding scores, α‐tocopherol was shown to exhibit the most effective inhibitor property (IC50: 377.7 nM and Ki: 635.8 ± 16.8 nM) among the standard antioxidants used in this study. Inhibiting the LPO activity by standard antioxidants results in the weakening of the immune system during lactation, which is important for metabolism.
The inhibition effects of some phenolic compounds from natural products such as taxifolin, resveratrol, olivetol, cynarine, and phloretin on bovine milk lactoperoxidase (LPO) enzyme were examined. ...For this aim, LPO was purified by the affinity chromatography technique with a yield of 77.68% in 421.32 times. The kinetic value, Ki, was calculated from the equations obtained from drawn graphs. In order to discover inhibition mechanism of phenolic compounds, induced fit docking process was performed on the LPO receptors. The binding affinity of the compounds was calculated and at the best‐scored ligand‐receptor complex, residues responsible for enzyme inhibition were detected. As a result, this molecule demonstrated the potential inhibitory effect on LPO. According to the results of kinetic study. It has shown a noncompetitive inhibition effect, Phloretin's Ki value was determined by 48.89 ± 14.22 nM.
Practical applications
There are natural antimicrobial systems, such as the lactoperoxidase (E.C.1.11.1.7; LPO) system, which eliminates the harmful effects of microorganisms in milk. The chemical reactions in this system are catalyzed by the LPO. In the dairy industry, the LPO system is considered critical for the preservation of pasteurized milk, yogurt, raw milk, and cheese. The system is used for improvement the protection condition of milk at high temperatures.
Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) contain many bioactive compounds and have some biological activities and beneficial health properties. In the study, antioxidant effects of lyophilized aqueous ...extract of cranberry (LAEC) and quantity of some its polyphenolic compounds were determined. For this purpose, we performed DPPH·, DMPD *+, ABTS *+ and O 2 *- radicals scavenging activities, inhibition of lipid peroxidation activity by thiocyanate method, Cu 2+ and Fe 3+ reducing abilities, FRAP assay and Fe 2+ binding activity. At the 10 µg/mL concentration, LAEC inhibited 52.4% lipid peroxidation produced by linoleic acid emulsion. Also, α-tocopherol, BHA, trolox, and BHT had 52.5, 89.9, 93.1 and 94.9% inhibition value at 30 µg/mL concentration, respectively. Quantitative amounts of some phenolic compounds in LAEC were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). p-Hydroxy benzoic acid was found as the most abundant phenolic compound (55 mg/kg extract) in LAEC.
A series of sulfamoylcarbamates and sulfamides were evaluated for hCA I and hCA II inhibitory properties. Molecular modeling and experimental studies showed that all compounds are sufficiently active ...as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Display omitted
•Six novel sulfamoylcarbamates derived from benzylamines were synthesized.•Six sulfamides were synthesized from sulfamoylcarbamates.•The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their carbonic anhydrase.•All synthesized compounds showed effective inhibitory properties against hCA I and hCA II isoenzymes.•Molecular modeling also showed inhibitory properties for the synthesized compound.
In this study, a series of sulfamoyl carbamates and sulfamide derivatives were synthesized. Six commercially available benzyl amines and BnOH were reacted with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) to give sulfamoyl carbamates. Pd–C catalyzed hydrogenolysis reactions of carbamates afforded sulfamides. The inhibition effects of novel benzylsulfamides on the carbonic anhydrase I, and II isoenzymes (CA I, and CA II) purified from fresh human blood red cells were determined by Sepharose-4B-L-Tyrosine-sulfanilamide affinity chromatography. In vitro studies were shown that all of novel synthesized benzylsulfamide analogs inhibited, concentration dependently, both hCA isoenzyme activities. The novel benzylsulfamide compounds investigated here exhibited nanomolar inhibition constants against the two isoenzymes. Ki values were in the range of 28.48±0.01–837.09±0.19nM and 112.01±0.01–268.01±0.22nM for hCAI and hCA II isoenzymes, respectively. Molecular modeling approaches were also applied for studied compounds.
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