This study reports on the dual-acceptor doping effects on ZnO for obtaining p-type conductivity and effectively tuning the band gap. The electronic and optical properties of undoped, mono-(N, Cu) and ...dual-(N-Cu) doped ZnO have been investigated using first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) in the framework of generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The substitution of N, Cu and N-Cu into ZnO leads to the acceptor levels arise above the valance band insight the p-type conduction nature of ZnO. The electronic and optical properties revealed that the band gap narrowing of ZnO is possible by these elementals doping. However, the heavy dual doping is an effective way leads to create shallower impurity level below Fermi level. Therefore, the dual-doped ZnO can be a potential candidate for stable p-type ZnO for future experiment and optoelectronic devices applications.
•Mono (N,Cu) & dual (N-Cu) doping effect on electronic and optical properties of ZnO.•P-type conductivity nature of ZnO obtained by (N,Cu) & dual (N-Cu) doping.•Band gap narrowing is occurred in mono (N,Cu) and dual (N-Cu) doping ZnO.•Dual (N-Cu) doping is an effective way to create shallow accepter level in ZnO.•Absorption edge is red shifted for the incorporation of N, Cu and N-Cu inside ZnO.
A thorough analysis of the structural, elastic, electronic, and optical properties of ScCuO3 perovskite is conducted using density functional theory. The compound's structural and mechanical ...stabilities are established under pressure. The values of Pugh's ratio (B/G) and the Zener anisotropy factor indicate that ScCuO3 displays ductile behavior and elastic anisotropy under varying pressures. The metallic behavior of ScCuO3 is confirmed by its electronic band structure, which shows that a few valence bands intersect the Fermi level. The Cu‐3d and O‐2p orbitals overlap near the Fermi level, which is found from the density of states diagram. It is also proclaimed that the Cu‐3d states strongly hybridized with O‐2p states are observed under applied pressure. Various optical properties (dielectric function, photoconductivity, absorption coefficient, loss function, reflectivity, and refractive index) are also analyzed. The compound has the highest reflectivity and is found in the low‐energy region, making it suitable as a coating material for reducing solar heating. The absorption spectra and optical conductivity indicate the metallic nature of ScCuO3, which is supported by the calculations of the electronic band structure. The current study explores the potential applications of ScCuO3 in various optoelectronic devices.
ScCuO3 exhibits mechanical stability and possesses ductile nature under pressure. The metallic character of ScCuO3 is due to the hybridization of Cu‐3d and O‐2p states near the Fermi level. The high absorbance and reflectivity of this compound in the low‐energy region make it suitable as a coating material for reducing solar heating.
The effect of pressure and temperature on acoustic and thermodynamic properties of cubic CsNbO3 (CNO) has been demonstrated using first principles method. The high values of velocity, impedance, and ...sound intensity exhibit CNO's potential acoustic applications. CNO is found thermodynamically unstable at 0 GPa, though it becomes stable at 20 GPa. The high Debye, melting temperatures, heat capacity, low thermal expansion coefficient, and thermal conductivity substantiate the compound can be used as thermal management material. The low value of the Gruneisen parameter corresponding to low anharmonicity proclaims higher lattice thermal conductivity of the material. The monotonic decline of lattice thermal conductivity with temperature is observed in CNO. The significant response of enthalpy, entropy, free energy, constant pressure heat capacity, and constant volume heat capacity with pressure and temperature have also been analyzed, which can be supportive for future investigations of CNO through experiments and theories.
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A thorough analysis of the structural, elastic, electronic, and optical properties of ScCuO
3
perovskite is conducted using density functional theory. The compound's structural and mechanical ...stabilities are established under pressure. The values of Pugh's ratio (B/G) and the Zener anisotropy factor indicate that ScCuO
3
displays ductile behavior and elastic anisotropy under varying pressures. The metallic behavior of ScCuO
3
is confirmed by its electronic band structure, which shows that a few valence bands intersect the Fermi level. The Cu‐3
d
and O‐2
p
orbitals overlap near the Fermi level, which is found from the density of states diagram. It is also proclaimed that the Cu‐3
d
states strongly hybridized with O‐2
p
states are observed under applied pressure. Various optical properties (dielectric function, photoconductivity, absorption coefficient, loss function, reflectivity, and refractive index) are also analyzed. The compound has the highest reflectivity and is found in the low‐energy region, making it suitable as a coating material for reducing solar heating. The absorption spectra and optical conductivity indicate the metallic nature of ScCuO
3
, which is supported by the calculations of the electronic band structure. The current study explores the potential applications of ScCuO
3
in various optoelectronic devices.
This book aims to contribute to the conceptual and practical knowledge pools in order to improve the research and practice on the sustainable development of smart cities by bringing an informed ...understanding of the subject to scholars, policymakers, and practitioners. This book seeks articles offering insights into the sustainable development of smart cities by providing in-depth conceptual analyses and detailed case study descriptions and empirical investigations. This way, the book will form a repository of relevant information, material, and knowledge to support research, policymaking, practice, and transferability of experiences to address aforementioned challenges. The scope of the book includes the following broad areas, with a particular focus on the approaches, advances, and applications in the sustainable development of smart cities: • Theoretical underpinnings and analytical and policy frameworks; • Methodological approaches for the evaluation of smart and sustainable cities; • Technological developments in the techno-enviro nexus; • Global best practice smart city case investigations and reports; • Geo-design and applications concerning desired urban outcomes; • Prospects, implications, and impacts concerning the future of smart and sustainable cities.
The concept of ‘sustainable urban development’ has been pushed to the forefront of policymaking and politics as the world wakes up to the impacts of climate change and the destructive effects of the ...Anthropocene. Climate change has emerged to be one of the biggest challenges faced by our planet today, threatening both built and natural systems with long-term consequences, which may be irreversible. While there is a vast body of literature on sustainability and sustainable urban development, there is currently limited focus on how to cohesively bring together the vital issues of the planning, development, and management of sustainable cities. Moreover, it has been widely stated that current practices and lifestyles cannot continue if we are to leave a healthy living planet to not only the next generation, but also to the generations beyond. The current global school strikes for climate action (known as Fridays for Future) evidences this. The book advocates the view that the focus needs to rest on ways in which our cities and industries can become green enough to avoid urban ecocide. This book fills a gap in the literature by bringing together issues related to the planning, development, and management of cities and focusing on a triple-bottom-line approach to sustainability.
Background: Lolly ice cream is a frozen sweetened product made of heat treated mix, with or without other ingredients and permitted additives. The objectives of this study were to develop lychee ...flavored lolly ice cream, to determine the overall acceptance of lychee flavored ice cream (sensory evaluation) and to use accelerated shelf-life testing to study the changes in acidity, total soluble solid (TSS), total solid, microbiology, and sensory characteristics of lolly ice cream.
Methods: The physical and chemical characteristics and the acceptance of lychee lolly ice cream flavored with lychee were evaluated and compared with lemon and orange lolly ice cream. A testing panel consisting 16 panelists studied the acceptability of the sample based on a 9-point hedonic scale. The consumer’s preferences were measured by statistical analysis of the scores obtained from the response of the panel.
Result: Lychee flavored lolly ice cream showed overall acceptance than orange and lemon lolly ice cream. Our results suggest that the shelf life of lolly ice cream sample was 1 year at -20°C and set expiration date on ice cream might also contribute to effective management of ice cream characteristics in the retail chilled chain.
In this study, the Traditional Convolution Neural Network (TCNN) and state-of-the-art approaches were applied to the datasets of Chest X-ray and CT scan imaging modalities and trained them ...concurrently. The TCNN's performance for detecting COVID-19 infected tissues was determined through a comparison examination using state-of-the-art approaches. The accuracy of the models has been improved by lowering the model's losses and overfitting. Finally, the training data size has been enhanced utilizing various picture augmentation methods such as flip-up-down, flip-down-left-right, and so on. VGG19 and InceptionV3 were tested in this work, and accuracy scores of 97 percent (X-ray images) and 96 percent (CT-scan images) were obtained. The model's loss functions, Precision, Recall, and F1-Score, were extracted and interpreted in the study. We examined the researchers' modified DL models and discovered that they were 65 percent accurate on X-ray data and 62 percent accurate on CT scan images. Experiments have demonstrated that when the number of sample images rises, the VGG19 and InceptionV3 perform well.
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