Human exposure to microplastics contained in food has become a significant concern owing to the increasing accumulation of microplastics in the environment. In this paper, we summarize the presence ...of microplastics in food and the analytical methods used for isolation and identification of microplastics. Although a large number of studies on seafood such as fish and shellfish exist, estimating the overall human exposure to microplastics via food consumption is difficult owing to the lack of studies on other food items. Analytical methods still need to be optimized for appropriate recovery of microplastics in various food matrices, rendering a quantitative comparison of different studies challenging. In addition, microplastics could be added or removed from ingredients during processing or cooking. Thus, research on processed food is crucial to estimate the contribution of food to overall human microplastic consumption and to mitigate this exposure in the future.
This study conducted a two-condition between-subjects laboratory experiment (
= 147) to examine the effects of textual disaster news combined with a 360° video in different modes (virtual reality VR ...vs. two dimensional screen) on cognitive/affective empathy and fear. Additionally, the mediating role of presence (social and spatial presence) was considered. Results indicated that the news article presented through an immersive VR mode directly led to greater levels of presence and cognitive empathy but not affective empathy and fear. The effects on social presence further resulted in greater cognitive and affective empathy, not fear. Meanwhile, spatial presence enhanced by VR led to greater levels of emotions (affective empathy and fear) but not cognitive empathy. These findings suggest the dynamic mechanisms of how an immersive VR modality can function as a complementary tool for traditional news to improve audience engagement, which centers on emotion-related outcomes in tandem with cognitive responses.
•This study examined the effect of VR (vs. 360° videoon a 2D screen) to deliver textual news with high (vs. low) narrativity in disaster journalism.•Viewing 360° videothrough VR (vs. 2D) showed ...higher transportation.•VR (vs. 2D) elicited greater empathy when used in conjunction with the textual disaster news with high (vs. low) narrativity, which further increased issue involvement.•The findings suggest that both the medium (VR or 2D) and the levels of narrativity of textual news (high vs. low narrativity) play crucial roles in shaping empathetic experiences.
Although virtual reality (VR) has been shown to be an effective means of delivering news stories, there is still a lack of understanding as to how VR can complement specific narrative formats, such as textual news, in journalism. This study investigates the impact of using VR (vs. 360° videoon a 2D screen) to deliver textual news with high (vs. low) narrativity in terms of triggering issue involvement through three immersion-related psychological responses (empathy, transportation, and identification) within the realm of disaster journalism, wherein victims’ experiences are conveyed to users. The results of a between-subject experiment (N = 144) showed that VR (vs. 2D) reported higher transportation. Moreover, VR (vs. 2D) elicited greater empathy when used in conjunction with the textual disaster news with high (vs. low) narrativity, which further increased issue involvement. These findings provide insights that are expected to be helpful in harnessing the potential of VR for narrative storytelling in journalism, which can provoke an empathetic and visceral understanding of victims in disaster news.
Outbreak of African swine fever in South Korea, 2019 Kim, Hyun‐Joo; Cho, Ki‐Hyun; Lee, Soo‐Kyoung ...
Transboundary and emerging diseases,
March 2020, 2020-Mar, 2020-03-00, 20200301, Letnik:
67, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
African swine fever, a fatal haemorrhagic disease of swine, was confirmed in domestic pigs for the first time in South Korea in September 2019. The causative virus belonged to the p72 genotype II and ...had an additional tandem repeat sequence in the intergenic region (IGR) between the I73R and I329L.
The aim of this study is to develop a rapid and accurate method for simultaneous analysis of multi-residue pesticides and conduct pesticide monitoring in agricultural products produced by the ...production and distribution stage in Korea. The representative agricultural products were selected as brown rice, soybean, potato, mandarin, and green pepper and developed using gas chromatography with tandem mass (GC-MS/MS) for the analysis of 272 pesticide residues. The experimental samples were extracted by the QuEChERS-EN method and then cleaned up by using d-SPE, including MgSO
and primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbents. The established method was validated in accordance with Codex CAC-GL/40, and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was determined to be 0.01 mg/kg. A total of 243 pesticides satisfied the guidelines in five samples at three levels with values of 60 to 120% (recovery) and ≤45% (coefficient of variation, CV). The remaining 29 pesticides did not satisfy the guidelines, and these pesticides are expected to be used as a screening method for the routine inspection of agricultural products. As a result of analyzing 223 agricultural products in South Korea by applying the simultaneous analysis method, none of the detected levels in the samples exceeded the standard values based on maximum residue limits (MRLs). The developed method in this study will be used to inspect residual pesticides in agricultural products, and it is anticipated to contribute to the distribution of safe agricultural products to consumers.
Carbon electrodes that are thick and maintain a high volumetric energy density are essential for high energy storage microsupercapacitors (MSCs). Here, fabrication of an electrode based on a ...boron-doped 3D porous carbon pattern (B-3D-PCP) by lithographic processes is demonstrated. The B-3D-PCP is obtained by carbonization and doping of a polymer pattern fabricated by interference lithography. Then, plasma etching is performed on the B-3D-PCP to obtain an interdigitated electrode, and a polymer electrolyte is applied to complete the MSC. The B-3D-PCP shows remarkably high pseudocapacitance after B-doping. This electrode also exhibits no capacitance loss when the electrode width increases, even at very high scan rates, owing to the uniform pores of the 3D-PCP. The solid-state B-3D-PCP MSC with a polymer gel electrolyte shows a capacitance of 7.1 mF/cm2, with a remarkable capacitance retention of 81%, especially upon a scan rate increase of 10 times at 100 mV. With B-3D-PCP MSCs, a volumetric energy density of 7.1 mWh/cm3 and a volumetric power density of 66 W/cm3 could be achieved. Finally, the performance of the MSC is demonstrated by using it to power various electronic devices. The results suggest a new electrode for the MSC that overcomes the performance limitations of conventional electrodes.
Summary of the research: We fabricated a boron-doped 3D porous carbon pattern electrode using 3D interference lithography and applied it to a microsupercapacitor to obtain an excellent volumetric energy density of 7.1 mWh/cm3. Display omitted
•We demonstrate a boron-doped 3D porous carbon pattern (B-3D-PCP) electrode fabricated by a full lithographic process.•The B-3D-PCP microsupercapacitor shows a capacitance of 7.15mF/cm2, with a remarkable capacitance retention of 81%.•The B-3D-PCP MSCs had a volumetric energy density of 7.1 mWh/cm3 and volumetric power density of 66 W/cm3.•We successfully demonstrate the performance of our MSC by powering various electronic devices.
Plant genetic engineering, which has led to the production of plant-derived monoclonal antibodies (mAb(P)s), provides a safe and economically effective alternative to conventional antibody expression ...methods. In this study, the expression levels and biological properties of the anti-rabies virus mAb(P) SO57 with or without an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retention peptide signal (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu; KDEL) in transgenic tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum) were analyzed. The expression levels of mAb(P) SO57 with KDEL (mAb(P)K) were significantly higher than those of mAb(P) SO57 without KDEL (mAb(P)) regardless of the transcription level. The Fc domains of both purified mAb(P) and mAb(P)K and hybridoma-derived mAb (mAb(H)) had similar levels of binding activity to the FcγRI receptor (CD64). The mAb(P)K had glycan profiles of both oligomannose (OM) type (91.7%) and Golgi type (8.3%), whereas the mAb(P) had mainly Golgi type glycans (96.8%) similar to those seen with mAb(H). Confocal analysis showed that the mAb(P)K was co-localized to ER-tracker signal and cellular areas surrounding the nucleus indicating accumulation of the mAb(P) with KDEL in the ER. Both mAb(P) and mAb(P)K disappeared with similar trends to mAb(H) in BALB/c mice. In addition, mAb(P)K was as effective as mAb(H) at neutralizing the activity of the rabies virus CVS-11. These results suggest that the ER localization of the recombinant mAb(P) by KDEL reprograms OM glycosylation and enhances the production of the functional antivirus therapeutic antibody in the plant.
We tested samples of pork products confiscated from travelers to South Korea for African swine fever virus (ASFV). We detected ASFV in 4 food items confiscated from travelers from Shenyang, China, in ...August 2018. Surveillance of pork products at country entry points is needed to mitigate the risk for ASFV introduction.
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