We have established a relationship between recurrent brief depression (RBD) and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in a cohort of 42 outpatients who presented themselves at a clinic for seasonal ...affective disorder at the Psychiatry Department of the University of Bonn, Germany. Our preliminary data indicate that 31% of the patients who were diagnosed as suffering from either SAD or its subsyndromal form (S-SAD) can also be categorized as RBD (RBD-seasonal) for a 1-year observation period. During the time span of 1 year, RBD-seasonal patients had a mean number of 20 +/- 9 episodes, which were accentuated in fall/winter, outnumbering the ones in spring/summer significantly (P < 0.001). The mean duration of each episode was 4.6 +/- 2.6 days in the RBD-seasonal group. RBD-seasonal patients experienced seasonal changes as more of a problem and reported a lower percentage of first-degree relatives with a history of depression than the non-RBD-seasonal group.
The various cytokeratin polypeptides in oral epithelia are expressed in dependence on site and formation of a stratum corneum. Certain cytokeratins occur permanently and others occasionally. In ...fibrous hyperplasia and Lichen ruber planus, patterns of cytokeratins did not deviate significantly from normal. In some but not all cases of squamous cell carcinoma and leukoplakia studied, marked aberrations of pattern were characterized by (i) appearance of cytokeratin No. 19, (ii) somewhat more frequent occurrence of cytokeratins Nos. 8 and 18, (iii) proteolytic modifications of cytokeratins, and (iv) partial loss of a few site-specific cytokeratins. The aberrations may be taken as additional diagnostic criteria for differentiation between non-aggressive and potentially aggressive leukoplakic lesion, even if they are not correlated with the conventional histological grading of dysplasia.
The neuroleptic effect and tolerability of roxindole (EMD 49,980), an agonist of the dopamine-D2 autoreceptor, was studied during a 4 week treatment period in 7 patients with paranoid-hallucinatory ...schizophrenia (ICD-9: 295.3). In patients with a daily dosage of up to 4.5 mg/day, there was no improvement as measured with the total score of the BPRS scale. In contrast, patients with a daily dosage of up to 30 mg/day showed a slight improvement, especially in items associated with negative symptoms. In 3 patients there were slight adverse events (dizziness, hypersalivation, hypotonia, nausea/vomiting, miction disturbance) which were probably connected with the intake of roxindole.
Designing oscillators in a fully monolithically integrated technology requires accurate characterization of the active element, as well as the surrounding passive circuitry. Based upon S parameter ...measurements of Impatt diodes, millimeter wave oscillators up to 124 GHz have been designed,manufactured and measured. Two measurements setups covering the frequency range from 0.04-140 GHz were used and a careful calibration approach was applied
