The Airway Microbiome at Birth Lal, Charitharth Vivek; Travers, Colm; Aghai, Zubair H ...
Scientific reports,
08/2016, Letnik:
6, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Alterations of pulmonary microbiome have been recognized in multiple respiratory disorders. It is critically important to ascertain if an airway microbiome exists at birth and if so, whether it is ...associated with subsequent lung disease. We found an established diverse and similar airway microbiome at birth in both preterm and term infants, which was more diverse and different from that of older preterm infants with established chronic lung disease (bronchopulmonary dysplasia). Consistent temporal dysbiotic changes in the airway microbiome were seen from birth to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants. Genus Lactobacillus was decreased at birth in infants with chorioamnionitis and in preterm infants who subsequently went on to develop lung disease. Our results, taken together with previous literature indicating a placental and amniotic fluid microbiome, suggest fetal acquisition of an airway microbiome. We speculate that the early airway microbiome may prime the developing pulmonary immune system, and dysbiosis in its development may set the stage for subsequent lung disease.
This pilot retrospective study examined the role of continuous low-dose maintenance immunomodulatory treatment (IMT) as an adjunct to rituximab (RTX) rescue therapy in severe pemphigus vulgaris (PV) ...and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) after a complete response (CR) to RTX was achieved.
Ten severe pemphigus patients who received RTX rescue therapy were evaluated after achieving CR. The post-RTX clinical course and long-term follow up was compared between patients who adhered to a low recommended dose (LRMD) to patients who were non-compliant with LRMD.
Five patients relapsed due to discontinuing or tapering their LRMD therapy, whereas the five patients who adhered to their maintenance therapy did not experience a relapse after the initial post-RTX CR. A combination of increasing or adding IMTs and initiating subsequent RTX cycles was used to regain control in relapsed patients.
We propose an alternative treatment strategy utilizing RTX as a rescue agent in combination with long-term LRMD as a means to maintain a sustained long-term CR post-RTX therapy in severe pemphigus patients. This strategy could prevent disease flares and the need for additional RTX cycles and higher dosages of immunomodulatory therapies.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the disease involvement, treatment and response, and malignant potential of oral lichen sclerosus (LS).
We conducted a review of the literature of 37 cases of ...oral LS. We looked specifically for the following data: patient demographic characteristics, disease involvement, treatment, response to treatment, duration of follow-up, symptoms, risk factors for oral malignancy, and malignant transformation.
The most common area of oral involvement included the labial mucosa (67.6%). Of patients with oral LS, 38.5% reported symptoms, and 35.1% exhibited extraoral manifestations. Patients were less likely to receive treatment when asymptomatic (62.5%) than when symptomatic (80%). Topical steroids were more efficacious (66.7%) compared with other treatments. Risk factors for malignancy were found in 25% of patients. No patient had malignant transformation of oral lesions at follow-up (mean follow-up 22.1 months; median 12 months).
More data and longer follow-up are required to determine the long-term clinical outcomes of oral LS.
The perforating dermatoses are a group of disorders characterized by transepidermal elimination of a material from the upper dermis. The most widely accepted classification consists of four primary ...perforating disorders that are defined by the type of material eliminated and the type of epidermal disruption. Pathogenesis of the perforating dermatoses is poorly understood, but some appear to have a genetic component. There are also acquired forms, which have been associated with underlying systemic diseases and the use of certain drugs. In this report, we describe a perforating disorder that occurred secondary to leflunomide therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which this has been reported. We also review the recent literature on medications associated with perforating disorders.
The raindrop size distribution (DSD) is essential information for understanding rain attenuation effects at millimeter wavelengths. The DSD was measured in Albuquerque, NM, USA, as a part of the ...W/V-band Terrestrial Link Experiment. An optical disdrometer from Thies Clima was used to measure both size and velocity of rain droplets. The measured DSD consistently showed a unique property of two log-linear distributions regionally separable by drop size under variable rain rates. The functional fit that best represents our measured data with rain rates under 40 mm/h is presented. Based on the DSD, rain specific attenuation is estimated at 72 and 84 GHz with Mie scattering theory. These estimated rain attenuations can be used and validated for rain attenuation analysis of the millimeter wave propagation experiments under similar climate conditions. This letter will guide millimeter wave communication system designers to estimate the rain attenuation based on their own DSD measurements.
We present 606 m terrestrial link rain attenuation measurements at 84 GHz during the 2018 and 2019 monsoon seasons in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The best fitted empirical specific attenuation relation, ...A = aR b , will be obtained from the measurements and compared with previous rain attenuation models. This study will contribute to the understanding of signal propagation phenomena and the utilization of the W/V-bands for wide bandwidth communication.
We present depolarization effects of various hydrometeors at the V-band (72 GHz) in Albuquerque, New Mexico during the 2018-2019 time period. The correlation between rain rate and the degradation of ...the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) is calculated. The average XPD will first be found using clear sky cases and then deviations from that value will be calculated using cases where precipitous hydrometeors were present. The preliminary results presented here will contribute to an increased understanding of depolarization effects at extremely high frequencies (EHF, 30-300 GHz).
Objectives: This pilot retrospective study examined the role of continuous low-dose maintenance immunomodulatory treatment (IMT) as an adjunct to rituximab (RTX) rescue therapy in severe pemphigus ...vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) after a complete response (CR) to RTX was achieved.
Materials and methods: Ten severe pemphigus patients who received RTX rescue therapy were evaluated after achieving CR. The post-RTX clinical course and long-term follow up was compared between patients who adhered to a low recommended dose (LRMD) to patients who were non-compliant with LRMD.
Results: Five patients relapsed due to discontinuing or tapering their LRMD therapy, whereas the five patients who adhered to their maintenance therapy did not experience a relapse after the initial post-RTX CR. A combination of increasing or adding IMTs and initiating subsequent RTX cycles was used to regain control in relapsed patients.
Conclusions: We propose an alternative treatment strategy utilizing RTX as a rescue agent in combination with long-term LRMD as a means to maintain a sustained long-term CR post-RTX therapy in severe pemphigus patients. This strategy could prevent disease flares and the need for additional RTX cycles and higher dosages of immunomodulatory therapies.
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