Objectives
Our aim was to compare the effects of the surgical drain and kinesiotape applications on postoperative morbidity after mandibular third molar surgery in a split-mouth study design.
...Materials and methods
A single-centre, split-mouth study was performed in 23 patients who needed surgical removal of bilateral mandibular third molars. Each patient was treated with a drain tube on one side of the mandible and Kinesio tape (KT) on the contralateral side.
Results
Swelling was significantly greater in the KT group than in the drain group throughout the study period. The groups did not differ significantly in the amount of trismus at any time point. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)-measured pain intensity was significantly lower in the drainage group. Patients with KT had greater postoperative discomfort than those with a drain tube. All patients were generally satisfied with their treatments.
Clinical relevance
Although both treatments were useful, a surgical drain was significantly more effective at reducing swelling and pain intensity than Kinesio tape. The effects of both on trismus were similar.
The Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector has been working on an increasing number of mega projects having large scale investments worldwide. The majority of these mega projects are ...infrastructure projects that are comparatively more difficult to manage in terms of yielding an expected return of investments while increasing quality and productivity. Today’s construction technology landscape offers a wide variety of innovative digital solutions for optimizing the project constraints of scope, time, cost, quality, and resources. Despite being one of the least digitized sectors, the AEC sector is currently ripe for adopting innovative digital solutions. It is observed that Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been rapidly adopted to tackle the ever-evolving challenges of mega infrastructure projects. This study investigates the challenges and enablers of utilizing an end-to-end BIM strategy for digital transformation of mega project delivery processes through a mega airport project case study, in order to contribute a solid strategic understanding in BIM implementation for mega infrastructure projects. The case study is followed with two-phased semi-structured interviews. Based on the findings, major challenges are sustaining continuous monitoring and controlling in the project execution, engineering complexity and aligning stakeholders’ BIM learning curves whereas strategic control mechanisms, incentivizing the virtual collaborative environment, and continuous digital delivery are major enablers.
The co-existence of heavy metals in industrial effluents is a prevalent problem. Heavy metals are not biodegradable and can remain in the environment when left untreated. Therefore, metals must be ...removed from wastewater to protect people’s health and the environment. Also, these pollutants usually have dissimilar compositions and properties. Generally, metal treatment is performed using traditional methods, but new processes have been developed due to the disadvantages of traditional methods. Especially in the last 20 years, studies on polymer inclusion membranes have been carried out and the transport performance of metal ions has been investigated. It is a more convenient process than both ion exchange and liquid-liquid extraction methods due to the potential and performance of polymer inclusion membranes. When the studies in the literature are examined, it is seen that the performance of polymer inclusion membranes is higher than expected and also when the production conditions are examined, polymer inclusion membrane is more advantageous than other processes. This review is a summary of the studies on the removal and transport of metal by using polymer inclusion membranes in the literature over the last 20 years.
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•Metal recovery is very important to reduce the depletion of natural resources.•Using polymer inclusion membranes is a promising processes for metal removal compared to other processes.•Polymer inclusion membranes have advantages for both their physical and chemical properties.
Recently, PMs are rare/noble chemical elements used in various industrial areas such as jewelry, oil, gas, petrochemical, electronic, ceramic, glass, pharmaceutical and medical industries so that the ...recovery of PIMs has become very important due to its low availability in nature and high price. Conventional methods can be shown as the use of microorganisms, the application of biosorption-based processes, the solvent extraction process, adsorption, ion exchange and electrolysis processes. The first system used for the recovery of PMs was the use of algae, bacteria and yeast as microorganisms, then a biosorption-based process, which has high efficiency and low operating costs, and minimizes both the formation of dangerous chemicals and the formation of biological sludge, has been started to be used. However, the method that has been used a lot in recent years is the PIM process. PIMs offer a new alternative for membrane processes due to their advantages. These processes are not only simple in design, easy to operate and environmentally friendly, but also have high stability, good mechanical properties and chemical resistance. In addition, they are thin and flexible compared to other membranes. Studies on the recovery of PM ions by using membranes are briefly presented in this review.
Abbreviation: Ammonium chloride NH
4
Cl; Polymer inclusion membranes PIMs; Bis (1-butyl pentyl) adipate BBPA;Poly tetra fluoro ethylene PTFE; Bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate DEHA; Polyvinyl chloride PVC; Bulk Liquid Membranes BLMs; Polyvinyl difluoride PVDF; Calix
4
pyrrole
2
thiophene CPY; Potassium Thiocyanate KSCN; Cellulose triacetate CTA; Precious Metals PMs; Dibutyl sebacate DBS; Recovery Factor RF; Dioctyl phthalate DOP; Sodium perchlorate NaClO
4
; Emulsion Liquid Membranes ELMs; Sodium Sulfite Na
2
SO
3
; Hydrochloric acid HCl; Supported Liquid Membranes SLMs; Initial flux J0; Thiocyanate SCN; N-N, N-di (2-ethylhexyl); Tri iso butyl phosphine sulfide Cyanex471; aminocarbonylmethyl glycine D2EHAG; Tri octyl (dodecyl) phosphonium chloride P
88812
Cl; Nitrophenyl octyl ether NPOE; Nitrophenyl pentyl ether NPPE; Tri-iso-octylamine TIOA; Platinum Group Metal PGM; Tri-n-octylamine TOA; Poly acryl nitrile PAN; Tri octyl methyl ammonium chloride Aliquat 336; Poly butylene adipate coterephthalate PBAT; Polyether sulfone PES; Tris- (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate TEHP
Connectivity is key in this new era of smart infrastructure. Smart airports utilize new connected technologies to improve end-user experience while ensuring operational feasibility in aeronautical ...and non-aeronautical segments. The increasing need for digitizing the design-build-operate life cycles of airports can be met by implementing building information modeling (BIM) that enables accessing, managing, utilizing, and connecting physical and operational data in a digital collaborative environment. This study investigates the current state of practice in airport BIM (ABIM) and the use of ABIM processes in digital airport operations and maintenance by connecting existing data sources and integrating smart airport systems. The study proposes a comprehensive and adaptive ABIM management framework that depicts the alignment and connectivity of ABIM processes, resources and stakeholders with airport operational requirements by identifying gaps in the industry and literature, and developing a global understanding in ABIM visions. Research data are collected through literature and industry review, online surveys, and semi-structured interviews with aviation professionals. Mixed methods including non-parametric statistical analysis and qualitative analysis are used to determine the elements of the framework. Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) principles and language are used to generate the framework. For framework validation, a proof of concept (POC) is conducted by development and deployment of a web-based application. The developed ABIM framework is expected to guide major airport stakeholders in their BIM implementation processes to enhance airport operational efficiencies and in strategizing digital initiatives on a connected-BIM platform.
Hollow fiber membranes have higher surface area and are easy to be applied in systems. Because of theirs self‐supporting construction, they have limited mechanical durability. By reinforcing these ...membranes with a braid, the mechanical strength can be improved. In this study, the impact of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as a pore‐forming additive with different contents on the fabrication of polysulfone braid reinforced hollow fiber membranes was investigated both as a ultrafiltration membrane and as a support for the fabrication of thin film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes. Characterization and filtration studies of all membranes were performed to examine membrane performance. It was discovered that the porosity and hydrophilicity of the ultrafiltration membranes were enhanced by enhancing PVP concentration, thus increasing the pure water flux in the membranes. As regards to results of fabricated TFC membranes, salt rejections were increased with increasing PVP ratios. The rejection efficiency of magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride was found to be approximately 80% and 49%, respectively, when a PVP ratio of 8% was used.
The development of novel materials for the modification of filtration membranes is necessary to enhance their performance. In this study, the application of MAX phase-based material in the ...modification of cellulose acetate (CA) ultrafiltration membrane is reported to improve hydrophilicity, permeability, dye rejection and antifouling properties. Firstly, the Ti2AlN MAX phase was synthesized and exfoliated under ultrasonic to obtain nanosheets with an average width of 35 nm. Then, the influence of the prepared MAX phase on the CA membrane performance was assessed by blending different concentrations of it (0–1 wt%). The flux of pure water and bovine serum albumin protein solution was improved 27.5 % and 37.5 % by blending 0.5 wt% of the MAX phase into the matrix of the membrane. Moreover, the 0.5 wt% MAX/CA nanocomposite membrane represented ameliorated antifouling property with a flux recovery ratio of 86.3 %. This study showed that the MAX phase could be considered propitious additives to modify polymeric membrane performance.
Application of Ti2AlN MAX phase in modification of cellulose acetate membrane. Display omitted
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to systematically analyse how building information modelling (BIM) transforms complex infrastructure settings (i.e. airports) around digital technologies by ...enhancing connectivity and collaboration between major stakeholders and construction technology solutions. The objectives include understanding each project party's perspective for BIM implementation to align their motivations and connectivity along project's supply chain network and how BIM drives construction technology ecosystem uses for a more integrative and collaborative project delivery.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts qualitative data collection and analysis methods comprising semi-structured interviews, thematic analysis and an explanatory case study of a large-hub airport project.FindingsThe study findings show that enabling BIM implementation leads to streamlining construction technology ecosystem uses that increase connectivity within project parties' processes. Airports – as hosting high-value assets – can fast realize value of synergistic activities throughout project delivery by harnessing significant amount of siloed data created by each major party.Originality/valueThe study provides a structured analysis of how complex project settings leverage construction technology uses through their core BIM processes by highlighting multi-party approaches from an ecosystem perspective. This study also contributes to the body of knowledge and practice by presenting a transferrable and scalable approach for leveraging connected construction technology in a large-scale project involving fragmented processes managed by a large number of stakeholders.
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