Marketers are trying their best to find tactics and means of communication to gain the trust of consumers by attracting them and keeping their needs and interests in view, like halal tourism in the ...domain of the hospitability industry. The main purpose of this study is to analyze and explain whether the trust is developed by Social Media influencers and Halal Tourism and hence impacts the travel decision of travelers or not, in the context of Pakistan. In this regard, the data is collected from university students of the University of Punjab Gujranwala Campus and GIFT University. After collection different tests of normality, correlation, regression, and mediations were run on the data for analysis by using statistical software SPSS 20. After analysis, it was found that all hypotheses are accepted and interpreted that Social Media Influencers and Halal Tourism significantly impact the decisions of travelers. The study also revealed that trust mediates the relationship between Social Media influencers and Travel decisions; as well as the relation between Halal Tourism and Travel decisions. Organizations and managers must use these findings and knowledge to attract consumers and enhance their profits. These findings contribute to theory as it is the first study of its type and paves way for future research.
This study aims to evaluate the temporal trends of mortality among frail versus non-frail older adult trauma patients during index hospitalization.
We performed a 3-year (2017–2019) analysis of ...ACS-TQIP. We included all older adult (age ≥65 years) trauma patients. Patients were stratified into two groups (Frail vs. Non-Frail). Outcomes were acute (<24 h), early (24–72 h), intermediate (72 hours-1 week), and late (>1 week) mortality.
A total of 1,022,925 older adult trauma patients were identified, of which 19.7 % were frail. The mean(SD) age was 77(8) years and 57.4 % were female. MedianIQR ISS was 94–10 and both groups had comparable injury severity (p = 0.362). On multivariable analysis, frailty was not associated with acute (aOR 1.034; p = 0.518) and early (aOR 1.190; p = 0.392) mortality, while frail patients had independently higher odds of intermediate (aOR 1.269; p = 0.042) and late (aOR 1.835; p < 0.001) mortality. On sub-analysis, our results remained consistent in mild, moderate, and severely injured patients.
Frailty is an independent predictor of mortality in older adult trauma patients who survive the initial 3 days of admission, regardless of injury severity.
•Frailty is known as a predictor of worse clinical outcomes and mortality following injury.•The timing of increased mortality rates in frail patients during hospitalization remains unclear.•Frailty is an independent predictor of mortality in older adult trauma patients who survive the initial 3 days of admission.•Early frailty assessment in identifying high-risk individuals is of paramount importance.
There is a paucity of data on the effect of preinjury substance (alcohol, drugs) abuse on the risk of delirium in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aimed to assess the incidence ...of delirium among patients with blunt TBI in association with different substances.
We analyzed the 2020 American College of Surgeons–Trauma Quality Improvement Program. We included all adult (≥18 y) patients with blunt TBI who had a recorded substance (drugs and alcohol) screening. Our primary outcome was the incidence of delirium.
A total of 72,901 blunt TBI patients were identified. The mean (standard deviation) age was 56 (20) years and 68.0% were males. The median (interquartile range) injury severity score was 17 (10-25). Among the study population, 23.1% tested positive for drugs (Stimulants: 3.0%; Depressants: 2.9%, hallucinogens: 5.1%, Cannabinoids: 13.4%, TCAs: 0.1%), and 22.8% tested positive for Alcohol. Overall, 1856 (2.5%) experienced delirium. On univariate analysis, patients who developed delirium were more likely to have positive drug screening results. On multivariable regression analyses, positive screen tests for isolated stimulants (adjusted odds ratio aOR: 1.340, P = 0.018), tricyclic antidepressants (aOR: 3.107, P = 0.019), and cannabinoids (aOR: 1.326, P ≤ 0.001) were independently associated with higher odds of developing delirium.
Nearly one-fourth of adult patients with blunt TBI had an initial positive substance screening test. Patients with positive results for isolated stimulants, tricyclic antidepressants, and cannabinoids were at a higher risk of developing delirium, whereas this association was not evident with other drugs and alcohol-positive tests. These findings emphasize the need for early drug screening in TBI patients and close monitoring of patients with positive screening tests.
To evaluate the effect of granular insecticides against sugarcane stem borer and root borer, a study was conducted on farmer's field at Shergarh, District Mardan during the cropping season of 2021. ...Sugarcane variety CP-77/400 was sown with a row to row distance and plant to plant distance of 24cm and 1cm respectively. Granular insecticides, Refree, Furadon, Ferterra, Virtako, Phorate and Rector super were applied once along with control. Results revealed that application of insecticides provided statistically significant results in comparison to the control and minimized infestation of borers. Minimum mean percent dead heart infestation (2.93), cumulative internode damage (3.01), maximum cane diameter (2.39 cm), cane weight (1.71 kg), cane length (2.56 m) were recorded for plots treated with rector super whereas maximum mean dead heart infestation (4.13), cumulative internode damage (6.01) and minimum cane diameter (2.14 cm), cane weight (0.91 kg), cane length (2.17 m) were recorded for plots treated with phorate. Maximum yield (56386 kg/ha) and cost benefit ratio (1: 75.04) was reported for plots treated with rector super whereas minimum yield (41857 kg/ha) and cost benefit ratio (1: 8.21) was recorded for phorate treated plots. Rector super was recorded as the most effective granular insecticide as compared to others treatments and therefore recommended to be incorporated in integrated pest management studies for effective management of sugarcane stem and root borers.
Henkel, the world-renowned brand for cleaning agents wanted to enter into the Pakistan but was reluctant for a full-fledged conquest. It wanted the premier brand to get the wheels rolling for ...complete marketing strategy. Nevertheless, it is a big question that market has many premium brands available catering the consumer needs and are being marketed rigorously and the Principal Company is not ready to invest in promotion. Companies employ various rigorous methods as well as build relationships to sell products. Therefore, the achievement of goals does not come solely from their own efforts but, especially in the FMCG sector, a huge extent of reliance must be made on the partners and ancillary entities that help spread the products and intermediate the companies with the customers and end users. This study explored if the Principal Company would be able to take part in the race without active marketing with a high competition. The f indings of the study suggest that the Principal Company needs to explore the insights of market trends particularly the existing forces and dynamics that define customers’ behaviour and the elements can be used to push products in markets.
The incorporation of plant residues into soil can be considered a keystone sustainability factor in improving soil structure function. However, the effects of plant residue addition on the soil ...microbial communities involved in biochemical cycles and abiotic stress phenomena are poorly understood. In this study, experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of raw garlic stalk (RGS) amendment in avoiding monoculture-related production constraints by studying the changes in soil chemical properties and microbial community structures. RGS was applied in four different doses, namely the control (RGS0), 1% (RGS1), 3% (RGS2), and 5% (RGS3) per 100 g of soil. The RGS amendment significantly increased soil electrical conductivity (EC), N, P, K, and enzyme activity. The soil pH significantly decreased with RGS application. High-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed significant alterations in bacterial community structures in response to RGS application. Among the 23 major taxa detected, Anaerolineaceae,
, and
exhibited an increased abundance level. RGS2 increased some bacteria reported to be beneficial including
,
, and
(by 42%, 64%, and 1% respectively). Furthermore, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) fungal regions revealed significant diversity among the different treatments, with taxa such as
(56.2%),
(4.3%),
(4%),
(3.4%), Sordariomycetes (3%), and Plectosphaerellaceae (2%) showing much abundance. Interestingly,
(14%) was observed only in RGS-amended soil. RGS treatments effectively altered soil fungal community structures and reduced certain known pathogenic fungal genera, i.e.,
and
. The results of the present study suggest that RGS amendment potentially affects the microbial community structures that probably affect the physiological and morphological attributes of eggplant under a plastic greenhouse vegetable cultivation system (PGVC) in monoculture.
The assessment of genetic variability is indispensable for the development of high-yielding and nutritionally enriched soybean varieties. In this study, fifty-nine soybean genotypes (56 test entries ...and three standard checks) from different origins were characterized for eight qualitative and 20 quantitative traits. The experiment was laid out in a complete augmented block design for two consecutive seasons under natural rainfed conditions. Results revealed that among qualitative traits, flower colour was found to be most dynamic morphological marker trait for genotypic distribution. Mean square variances for twenty agro-morphological, seed yield and quality traits showed significant differences among tested genotypes for almost all studies traits. Non-hierarchical clustering classified entire set of germplasm into five groups, with the recognition of cluster IV for selection potential. Correlation analysis indicated that seed yield of soybean was positively associated with all yielding components, while a highly negative association was observed between seed quality traits such as protein content (%) and oil content (%). The multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) extracted five essential PCs, which explained 81.22% of the total accumulative variation. Moreover, PCA unveiled the most discriminatory traits as well as superior genotypes which participated intensely in phenotypic variability. Most diverse genotypes identified during study were Jhunghwang, K-D, 24,598, G-35, Brazil-3, 24,560, Ajmeri-1, NARC-2 and 24,608 for improved productivity and enhanced nutritional quality of soybean. The essential traits, including 100-seed weight, seed yield plant
−1
, protein content and oil content depicted influential effects in identifying these desired genotypes. Conclusively, the hybridization of divergent parents in cross-breeding programs may have successful chances to get transgressive segregants with higher seed yield potential along with improved nutritional quality for developing new soybean varieties.
This article presents a dataset of hyperspectral images of handwriting samples collected from 54 individuals. The purpose of the presented dataset is to further explore the use of hyperspectral ...imaging in document image analysis and to benchmark the performance of forensic analysis methods for hyperspectral document images. Each hyperspectral cube in the dataset has a spatial resolution of 512 × 650 pixels and contains 149 spectral channels in the spectral range of 478–901 nm. All the individuals have different personalities and have their writing patterns. The information of age and gender of each individual is collected. Each subject has written twenty-eight sentences using 12 different varieties of pens from different brands in blue color, each approximately 9 words or 33 characters long, all English alphabets in capital and small cases, digits from 0 to 9. The previous methods use synthetic mixed samples created by joining different parts of the images from the UWA WIHSI dataset.Each document consists of real mixed samples written withdifferent pens and by different writers with a variety of mixing ratios of inks and writers for forensic analysis.The standard A4 pages, each weighing 70 gs and manufactured by “AA” company, are used for data collection. The handwritten notes written by each subject with different pens are annotated in rectangular boxes. This dataset can be used for several tasks related to hyperspectral document image analysis and document forensic analysis including, handwritten optical character recognition, ink mismatch detection, writer identification at sentence, word, and character-level, handwriting-based gender classification, handwriting-based age prediction, handwritten word segmentation, and word generation. This dataset was designed and collected by the research team at the Artificial intelligence and Computer Vision Lab (iVision), Institute of Space Technology, Pakistan, and the hyperspectral images were acquired through imaging spectroscopy in the visible wavelength range at Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands.
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