We present a measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry in the production of $B^{\pm}$ mesons, $A_{\rm FB}(B^{\pm})$, using $B^{\pm} \rightarrow J/\psi K^{\pm}$ decays in 10.4 ${\rm fb}^{-1}$ of ...$p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV collected by the D0 experiment during Run II of the Tevatron collider. A non-zero asymmetry would indicate a preference for a particular flavor, i.e., $b$ quark or $\bar{b}$ anti-quark, to be produced in the direction of the proton beam. We extract $A_{\rm FB}(B^{\pm})$ from a maximum likelihood fit to the difference between forward- and backward-produced $B^{\pm}$ mesons. We measure an asymmetry consistent with zero: $A_{\rm FB}(B^{\pm})$ = $-$0.24 $\pm$ 0.41 (stat) $\pm$ 0.19 (syst)%.
A rare vascular portohepatic anomaly was identified in a Down syndrome patient with a 47,XY,-2,+der(2),+der(21)t(2;21)(p13;q22.1) mat chromosomal complement. This vascular defect involves a direct ...communication between the right portal vein and the inferior vena cava (IVC). We discuss the possibility that this vascular defect is a rare manifestation in Down syndrome. Alternatively, the existence of these 2 rare events in the same patient raises the possibility that they are causally related.
This Manifesto provides a joint proposal to create a Regional Science Academy as a think-tank support platform for a strategic development of the spatial sciences. The Regional Science Academy is a ...strategic spatial knowledge catalyst: it acts as a global intellectual powerhouse for new knowledge network initiatives and scholarly views on regions and cities as vital centrepieces of interconnected spatial systems. This contribution highlights its role and presents various activity plans.
By using 11Cflumazenil‐positron emission tomography (11CFMZ‐PET), we have previously shown that reductions of central benzodiazepine receptors (cBZRs) are restricted to the hippocampus in mesial ...temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) caused by unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Receptor autoradiographic studies on resected hippocampal specimens from the same patients demonstrated loss of cBZRs that was over and above loss of neurons in the CA1 subregion. Here, we report the first direct comparison of in vivo cBZR binding with 11CFMZ‐PET and ex vivo binding using 3HFMZ autoradiography. We applied a magnetic resonance imaging‐based method for partial volume effect correction to the PET images of 11CFMZ volume of distribution (11CFMZ Vd) obtained in 10 patients with refractory mTLE due to unilateral, hisologically verifed HS. Saturation autoradiography was performed on the hippocampal specimens obtained from the same patients, allowing calculation of receptor availability (3HFMZ Bmax). After correction for partial volume effect, 11CFMZ Vd in the body of epileptogenic hippocampus was reduced by a mean of 42.1% compred with normal controls. 3HFMZ bmax, determined autoradiographically from the same hippocampal tissue, was reduced by a mean of 42.7% compared with control hippocampi. Absolute in vivo and ex vivo measurements of cBZR binding for the body of the hippocampus were significantly correlated in each individual. Our study demonstrates that reduction of available cBZR on remaining neuron in HS can be reliably detected in vivo by using 11CFMZ‐PET after correction for partial volume effect.
MAGIS-100 is a next-generation quantum sensor under construction at Fermilab that aims to explore fundamental physics with atom interferometry over a 100-meter baseline. This novel detector will ...search for ultralight dark matter, test quantum mechanics in new regimes, and serve as a technology pathfinder for future gravitational wave detectors in a previously unexplored frequency band. It combines techniques demonstrated in state-of-the-art 10-meter-scale atom interferometers with the latest technological advances of the world's best atomic clocks. MAGIS-100 will provide a development platform for a future kilometer-scale detector that would be sufficiently sensitive to detect gravitational waves from known sources. Here we present the science case for the MAGIS concept, review the operating principles of the detector, describe the instrument design, and study the detector systematics.
Many malignant tumors demonstrate a definite propensity for metastasis to specific organs despite the fact that tumor cells with the potential for metastasis may circulate randomly throughout the ...body. Current concepts of organ specific metastasis (OSM) center around the generation of tumor cell variants with enhanced capacity for metastasis to specific organs. At present three hypotheses, mechanical, seed and soil, and specific tumor cell adherence (STCA), stand out as possible explanations for OSM. These possible mechanisms of OSM are by no means mutually exclusive. Recent efforts to understand OSM have included the selection of organ-specific metastasizing variants from tumor cell lines and an examination of their surface and metastatic properties. OSM-selected cell lines from many different tumor systems have been used to examine the relative contributions of the three mechanisms. While examples of each mechanism have been reported, the relative contributions of each for different tumor systems may differ substantially. Therefore, generalizations about the behavior of tumors based on studies with just a few tumor lines and systems may not be valid. There is substantial evidence that cell surface molecules are important in the process of OSM and homing of lymphocytes to specific lymph nodes. Monoclonal antibodies have been produced against putative cell surface receptors and initial biochemical characterization has begun. There is much evidence that cell surface glycoconjugates can serve as specific recognition structures on normal cells and in addition, may play important roles in OSM. The role of these carbohydrates is discussed. The chick embryo as a model system is discussed as it offers several advantages for the study of metastasis in general and OSM in particular. A variety of human and murine tumors, including some freshly isolated, have been shown to grow and metastasize in these embryos. Furthermore, cell lines which have been selected for OSM in adults show similar patterns of metastasis in chick embryos indicating that this system may be an especially attractive one for the analysis of OSM.
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![In vivo [11C] flumazenil-PE...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0364-5134/small "In vivo [11C] flumazenil-PET correlates with ex vivo [3H] flumazenil autoradiography in hippocampal sclerosis")
