Soybean cyst nematode (
, SCN) is the most harmful pathogen of soybean (
(L.) Merr.) worldwide. In 2016, a new soybean-parasitic cyst nematode,
(the white soybean cyst nematode) was found ...parasitizing the roots of soybean plants in Korea. To investigate the distribution and population density of
, 943 soil samples were collected from soybean fields in all nine provinces in Korea in 2017 to 2018. Cyst nematodes were detected in 343 samples (36.4%) from eight of the nine provinces, except the island of Jeju province. Among the 343 samples,
was found in 227 samples (66.2%),
in 95 samples (27.7%), and 21 samples (6.1%) were infested with both
and
. Wide distribution of
in soybean fields indicates that
is an important cyst nematode species parasitizing soybean together with
.
Summary
Molecular characterisation of two species of Meloinema: M. chitwoodi from Oregon, USA, and M. odesanens from South Korea, is given based on the partial 18S rRNA, the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS ...rRNA, and COI gene sequences. In the phylogenetic trees, Meloinema clustered with Meloidogyne, in a basal position and more closely with Meloidogyne indica and M. nataliei. The Shimodaira-Hasegawa (SH) maximum likelihood testing of an alternative topology with two gene fragments (D2-D3 of 28S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes) did not reject a sister relationship of Meloidogyne and Meloinema. Molecular results confirmed the view of Siddiqi (2000) that Meloidogyne and Meloinema evolved from a Pratylenchidae-type ancestor. The clade Meloinema + Meloidogyne + Nacobbus was rejected by the SH test of the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA gene sequence dataset. The molecular results suggested that the genus Nacobbus should be placed not in the Meloidogynidae, but in a separate subfamily, the Nacobbinae, under the family Pratylenchidae.
Cover Caption: The cover image is based on the Research Article Rotational multipyramid network with bounding‐box transformation for object detection by Donggeun Kim et al., ...https://doi.org/10.1002/int.22513.
Transmission lines (TLs) are prone to frequent failures owing to their exposure to extreme environments. It is essential to monitor these failures and repair the TLs on time; moreover, their health ...must be accurately estimated to ensure reliability and safety. Therefore, this study proposes an intelligent monitoring method with novel sensors deployed on a UAV. Specifically, this paper presents a method to not only cognize TLs and their environments in real time but also estimate the sag by combining the measured point-cloud data from a Lidar with the flight information of a UAV. Environmental cognition in real time addresses coordinate transformation and probabilistic downsampling for voxelized mapping, thus ensuring limited hardware requirement. A robust random-sample consensus is introduced to effectively extract point-cloud data for TLs, thereby accurately estimating the sag. Field tests confirmed the accuracy of the proposed method and demonstrated the effectiveness and advantages of the smart environmental cognition system. One flight was sufficient for estimating the sag on both sides of the TLs, demonstrating the economic feasibility of the proposed method. Considering the inherent advantages of the diagnostics and prognostics of a UAV, the proposed method has potential applications in the reliable operation and proactive maintenance of TLs.
To select resistant oil seed crops against two species of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria, 10 cultivars of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and 10 cultivars of perilla (Perilla ...frutescens var. japonica) were screened in greenhouse pot test. All sesame cultivars tested were resistant to M. incognita but susceptible to M. arenaria. While, perilla was resistant to both Meloidogyne species. Therefore, perilla cultivars could be used as rotation crop in greenhouse infested with both M. incognita and M. arenaria. But, sesame cultivars only can be used as a rotation crop in greenhouse infested with M. incognita but not for M. arenaria. 고부가가치 작물인 참깨와 들깨를 뿌리혹선충이 감염된 시설재배지에 윤작작물로 추천하기 위하여 참깨 10품종, 들깨 10품종, 총 20품종을 고구마 뿌리혹선충과 땅콩 뿌리혹선충을 대상으로 저항성을 검정하였다. 참깨 10품종 모두 M. incognita에는 저항성이나 M. arenaria에는 감수성이었다. 들깨 10품종은 모두 두 종류의 뿌리혹선충에 모두 저항성이었다. 참깨와 들깨를 시설재배지에 윤작작물로 사용하고자 할 때, 참깨는 시설재배지에 감염되어있는 뿌리혹선충의 종을 먼저 동정하여, M. arenaria가 감염된 경우에는 사용할 수 없고, M. incognita가 감염되어 있을 경우에는 윤작작물로 사용이 가능하다. 들깨는 2종의 뿌리혹선충에 모두 저항성으로 이들 선충이 감염된 시설하우스에서 윤작작물로 사용이 가능하다.
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