The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical features of the deep temporal arteries (DTAs) and thereby provide clinical information for the temple augmentation procedure. Forty‐two adult ...hemifaces from 15 Korean and 6 Thai cadavers (12 males, 9 females; mean age at death, 79.6 years) with no history of trauma or surgical procedure on the temple area were used for anatomical study. A detailed dissection was performed to identify the locations of the anterior and posterior deep temporal arteries (ADTA and PDTA) with reference to the vertical plane passing through the zygomatic tubercle. Fifty‐eight healthy Korean participants (31 males and 27 females; mean age, 24.7 years) were included in the ultrasonographic study. The distance from the bone to the DTAs was measured at the level of the zygomatic tubercle (HZt) and the eyebrow (HEb). The DTAs were not found within 7.2–12.6 mm posterior to the zygomatic tubercle; instead, the locations varied widely at the HEb. The distances between the bone and the ADTA were 1.7 ± 1.2 mm (mean ± SD) and 1.3 ± 0.8 mm, and those between the bone and the PDTA were 2.1 ± 1.2 mm and 2.0 ± 1.4 mm at HZt and HEb, respectively. Our findings indicate that at HZt, the area 1 cm posterior to the zygomatic tubercle may be a safe area for deep temple augmentation procedures. However, because the distribution patterns of the DTAs at HEb and depth of the DTAs are variable, additional care is required to minimize the risks of the procedure.
This study aimed to develop a high-strength, low-cost AlMg10ScZr alloy with a higher Mg content and lower Sc content than the Al–Mg–Sc–Zr alloy, which is reported to have high strength. A Powder bed ...fusion process was employed with various volumetric energy density (V
ED
) to establish the optimum process conditions. It was found that with increasing volumetric energy density, the elongation and ultimate tensile strength increased. In addition, it was possible to obtain a sound specimen at a lower V
ED
through preheating of the build plate, confirming that the process efficiency was increased. These enhanced mechanical properties are attributed to an increase in relative density. At a volumetric energy density of 209.9 J mm
−3
with the build plate heated to 180 °C, the best combination of the ultimate tensile strength (529.6 MPa) and elongation (17.3%) was achieved.
Graphical Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Skin is the largest organ and plays a pivotal role in protecting the body. Not only does the skin act as a physical barrier against the ...external environment, but it also has its own immune system. Atopic dermatitis is caused by prolonged excessive inflammatory responses that worsen under imbalanced cutaneous immune system skin conditions. Although the prevalence and burden of atopic dermatitis is increasing, the standard therapeutic agents remain unclear due to the complicated pathophysiology of the condition. The objective of this study is to examine the use of Magnoliae flos, the dried flower bud of Magnolia biondii or related plants. The effects and underlying mechanism of action of aqueous extract of the buds of Magnoliae flos (MF) were evaluated. Immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) stimulated with tumour necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ mixture and NC/Nga mice stimulated with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene were used as atopic dermatitis models, in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The effects of MF were determined by measuring the suppression of pro-inflammatory signalling pathways, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase or signal transducers and activators of transcription 1/3 and restoring skin barrier molecules. In conclusion, MF is a potential therapeutic alternative for the treatment of atopic dermatitis through repressing inflammatory pathways.
Background
Scarce data are available on the characteristics of postoperative organ failure (POF) and mortality after gastrectomy. We aimed to describe the causes of organ failure and mortality ...related to gastrectomy for gastric cancer and to identify patients with POF who are at a risk of failure to rescue (FTR).
Methods
The study examined patients with POF or in-hospital mortality in Seoul National University Hospital between 2005 and 2014. We identified patients at a high risk of FTR by analyzing laboratory findings, complication data, intensive care unit records, and risk scoring including Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) 3 at ICU admission.
Results
Among the 7304 patients who underwent gastrectomy, 80 (1.1%) were identified with Clavien–Dindo classification (CDC) grade ≥ IVa. The numbers of patients with CDC grade IVa, IVb, and V were 48 (0.66%), 11 (0.15%), and 21 (0.29%), respectively. Pulmonary failure (43.8%), surgical site complication (27.5%), and cardiac failure (13.8%) were the most common causes of POF and mortality. Cancer progression (100%) and cardiac events (45.5%) showed high FTR rates. In univariate analysis, acidosis, hypoalbuminemia, SOFA, APACHE IV, and SAPS 3 were identified as risk factors for FTR (
P
< 0.05). Finally, SAPS 3 was identified as an independent predictive factor for FTR.
Conclusions
Cancer progression and acute cardiac failure were the most lethal causes of FTR. SAPS 3 is an independent predictor of FTR among POF patients after gastrectomy.
Three alloys (Mg–6Zn–1.2Y, Alloy I; Mg–3.65Zn–1.65Y, Alloy II; and Mg–4.3Zn–1.4Y, Alloy III) with same volume fraction and grain size were designed to evaluate the effects of the I-phase (Mg
3
Zn
6
...Y) and W-phase (Mg
3
Zn
3
Y
2
), which are the major phases in Mg–Zn–Y alloys, on the mechanical properties. The tensile strength of Alloy I with the I-phase at room temperature was the highest among the tested alloys because the coherent interface between the I-phase and the α-Mg phase was more resistant to cracking than the incoherent interface between the W-phase and the α-Mg phase. A cross-sectional microstructure analysis of a sample that was tensile-tested at 423 K revealed that the morphology of the I-phase remained relatively stable. In contrast, the W-phase was broken and fragmented during the tensile test at 423 K because it had higher brittleness under the test conditions. Therefore, the tensile and creep properties of Alloy I at 423 K were better than those of Alloys II and III containing the W-phase. According to the results, the I-phase in the Mg-Zn-Y alloy was more beneficial to the mechanical properties at room temperature and 423 K than the W-phase.
Graphic Abstract
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)-based depth profiling of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) samples composed of multiple layers is a useful analytical tool for identification of pixel ...shrinkage, which is a frequent defect occurring in OLED production. As an alternative to engineer-based defect identification, which is time-consuming and occasionally suffers from person-to-person discrepancies, a chemometric analysis scheme utilizing the whole SIMS dataset of the OLED sample has been explored in this study. Initially, all the depth-profiled spectra of each sample were assigned (classified) into the corresponding layers (groups) using a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), and the subsequent average spectra of each layer were used for layer-by-layer comparisons. Then, a one-class support vector machine (OC-SVM) was adopted for defect identification, and principal component (PC) scores of the spectra in each layer were used as the inputs for OC-SVM. The occurrence of defects in the 3rd layer was clear in the PC score domain, and the accuracy obtained by predicting the external test samples was 97.4%. Moving forward, the identification of potential peaks significantly contributing to the defect could be valuable clues to track the causes of defects (trouble shooting) during production. Kernel density estimation (KDE) was adopted for this purpose, and the top nine peaks with the lowest p-values (most significant contributions) were finally provided.
Considering the shift to online education during the COVID‐19 pandemic, new and easily accessible educational videos and content on clinical anatomy are necessary. This study utilized numerous ...references and data on the anatomy of Asian facial muscles and blood vessels to accurately depict human anatomy through face painting. It aimed to provide clinicians accurate educational video content on anatomy to help prevent possible complications during noninvasive facial and surgical procedures. A 26‐year‐old Korean‐Chinese male volunteer was used as a face painting model. The location of the blood vessels of the face was confirmed through ultrasonography images using a real‐time two‐dimensional B‐mode. The model's face was painted by an artist majoring in anatomy. To reveal most anatomical structures on both sides of the face, the left side showed the structures observed when the skin and superficial fat layer are removed, and the right side revealed the deeper layer structures that can be seen when some muscles are cut. Fifteen superficial and deep muscles important in esthetic procedures were meticulously painted on the face. The face painting took a total of 6 h, and the video was edited to 5 min. This study merged the advantages of 2D and 3D by painting directly on the skin surface of a living model. Thus, it can provide more dynamic surface anatomy data. These contents inform clinicians about 3D anatomic location, which can help avoid complications when performing clinical procedures on the face.
Background
Few studies have presented evidence pertaining to the adequate minimum number of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) cycles required to achieve an oncologic benefit for gastric cancer.
Methods
From ...January 2012 to December 2013, data from patients who underwent curative radical gastrectomy and consequently received AC for pathologic stage 2 or 3 gastric cancer at 27 institutions in South Korea were analyzed.
Results
The study enrolled 925 patients, 661 patients (71.5%) who completed 8 cycles of AC and 264 patients (28.5%) who did not. Compared with the mean disease-free survival (DFS) of the patients who completed 8 AC cycles (69.3 months), the mean DFS of patients who completed 6 AC cycles (72.4 months;
p
= 0.531) and those who completed 7 AC cycles (63.7 months;
p
= 0.184) did not differ significantly. However, the mean DFS of the patients who completed 5 AC cycles (48.2 months;
p
= 0.016) and those who completed 1–4 AC cycles (62.9 months;
p
= 0.036) was significantly lower than the DFS of those who completed 8 AC cycles. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, the mean DFS was significantly affected by advanced stage, large tumor size, positive vascular invasion, and number of completed AC cycles (1–5 cycles: hazard ratio 1.45; 95% confidence interval 1.01–2.08;
p
= 0.041).
Conclusion
The current multicenter observational cohort study showed that the mean DFS for 6 or 7 AC cycles was similar to that for 8 AC cycles as an adjuvant treatment for gastric cancer.
PDF
