MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of naturally occurring small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in organisms. Most mammalian miRNAs influence biological processes, ...including developmental changes, tissue morphogenesis and the maintenance of tissue identity, cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolism. The
has been correlated with cancer; however, developmental roles of this miRNA are unclear. In this study, we examined the expression pattern and evaluated the developmental regulation of
during tooth morphogenesis using ex-vivo culture method. The expression pattern of
was examined in the epithelium and mesenchyme of developing tooth germ with stage-specific manners. Perturbation of the expression of
clearly altered expression patterns of dental-development-related signaling molecules, including
and
. The gene expression complemented with change in cellular events including, apoptosis and proliferation which caused altered crown and pulp morphogenesis in renal-capsule-calcified teeth. Especially, mislocalization of β-Catenin and SMAD1/5/8 were observed alongside dramatic alterations in the expression patterns of
and
. Overall, our data suggest that the
regulate the cellular physiology during tooth morphogenesis through modulation of the Wnt, Bmp, Fgf, and Shh signaling pathways to form proper tooth pulp and crown.
Objective
To evaluate the effect of resveratrol on periodontal bone regeneration after local delivery and to determine its effect on inflammatory mediators.
Background
Resveratrol is considered an ...anti‐inflammatory polyphenolic stilbene involved in the modulation of inflammation.
Materials and Methods
Periodontitis was induced in mouse molars using a 5‐day ligature model followed by the left second molar extraction and 50 µM resveratrol treatment for 1 and 2 weeks. We then examined specimens treated for 1 week histologically and with immunostaining. Microfocus‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) was used to examine the bone volume formation.
Results
After 1 week of treatment, proinflammatory cytokine levels (TNF‐alpha and IL6), cells exhibiting neutrophil and macrophage marker (MPO), cell proliferation marker (Ki67), and preosteoblastic marker (RUNX2) reactivity decreased in the resveratrol‐treated specimens compared to the control group. In contrast, we observed a higher number of CD31‐, F4/80‐, and osteocalcin‐ (OCN‐) positive cells in the resveratrol‐treated specimens. After 2 weeks, micro‐CT confirmed an increased bone mass in the region of the extraction socket in the resveratrol‐treated group.
Conclusion
After 1 week, the resveratrol‐treated specimens revealed evidence of inflammation modulation compared to the control group. These data suggest that resveratrol not only affects inflammation control but also is useful for treating periodontitis‐related tissue defects and bone regeneration.
Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) and stable isotope ratios (δ
13C and δ
15N) were determined in 58 fishes belonging to 20 species collected from Manila Bay, the Philippines. OPCs were detected in ...most of the samples and found up to μg/g lw (lipid weight) level, suggesting their ubiquitous presence in the coastal marine environment of the Philippines. Higher levels (>1000 ng/g lw) of total OPCs were determined in yellowstriped goatfish, silver sillago, tripletail wrasse and bumpnose trevally indicates either their active uptake from ambient water or lower metabolic capacity of these species. Levels of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) in demersal species showed a positive correlation with δ
15N, indicating that TPhP was adsorbed onto the particle, settled down to the bottom sediment and accumulated through the benthic food web rather than the pelagic. Estimated dietary intake of OPCs in Manila Bay fishes were four to five orders of magnitude lower than the proposed reference dose (RfD).
► Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) were determined in fish from Manila Bay. ► OPCs were detected up to μg/g lw, suggesting ubiquitous environmental contamination. ► Among the 9 targeted OPCs, TEHP and TEP were found as the predominant compounds. ► Estimated dietary intake through fish consumption was 4–5 orders of magnitude lower than RfD. ► This is the first report on OPCs pollution in marine environment of Southeast Asia.
Occurrence and bioaccumulation of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) were determined in fishes from Manila Bay.
In this study, we aimed to investigate the prospective associations and their shapes between the dietary intake of total flavonoids and their seven subclasses and hypertension risk in a prospective ...cohort, the KoGES_CArdioVascular disease Association Study (CAVAS), and to consider obesity status as an additional factor. A total of 10,325 adults aged 40 years and older were enrolled at baseline, and 2159 patients were newly diagnosed with hypertension during a median follow-up of 4.95 years. Cumulative dietary intake was estimated using a repeated food frequency questionnaire. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using modified Poisson models with a robust error estimator. We observed nonlinear inverse associations between total and seven subclasses of flavonoids and hypertension risk, although there was no significant association between total flavonoids and flavones with hypertension risk in the highest quartile. For men, these inverse associations tended to be pronounced in the high BMI group, particularly for anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins IRR (95% CI) in overweight/obese men: 0.53 (0.42-0.67) for anthocyanins; 0.55 (0.42-0.71) for proanthocyanidins. Our results suggested that consumption of dietary flavonoids may not be dose-responsive but is inversely associated with hypertension risk, particularly among overweight/obese men.
Selection of an appropriate biochar as a soil amendment requires a thorough investigation of the effects on soil ecosystems and adjacent water systems via leaching. Different biochar characteristics ...influence retention or leaching of different soil and biochar components. A lab lysimeter study was conducted to investigate carbon (C) balance and leachate quality with biochar additions. Biochar made from wood pellets (WP) and sewage sludge (SS) produced at 400 °C (WP400 and SS400) and 700 °C (WP700 and SS700), respectively, were applied to silt loam soil at an application rate of 4%. Fluorescence excitation-emission spectrophotometry (EEMs) was utilized to understand the compositional changes in leachate dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Our results show that DOC contributed the largest portion of C leaching loss. The WP treatments increased DOC mass loss, but did not significantly change leachate DOC quality. SS400, in comparison, increased mass loss of DOC and SS700 decreased it probably due to its higher adsorptive capacity to DOC. Unlike WP treatments, SS treatments significantly changed leachate DOC quality. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced with SS400 and SS700 biochar additions, which is assumed to be related to SS biochar's high oxygen-containing surface functional groups. Reduction in total nitrogen (TN) leaching by WP700 and SS700 treatments might be related to the higher micropore surface area. Over all, our findings imply that changes in the different components of the leachate from biochar-amended soil are related to different biochar properties, such as labile matter content, total surface area, micropore volume and cation exchange capacity.
•DOC contributed the largest portion of C leaching loss from biochar added soils.•Leachate properties of biochar addition were related to biochar characteristics.•Wood pellet biochar increased DOC leaching but did not influence DOC quality.•Sewage sludge biochar (700 °C) reduced COD/TN leaching and retained humic substances.
To evaluate the effects of contrast medium injection rates and intravenous injection catheter sizes on the time-density curve (TDC) of brain perfusion computed tomography (PCT) images in clinically ...normal Beagles and provide a reference range for the perfusion parameters for clinical application of PCT in veterinary medicine.
5 healthy, sexually intact male Beagles.
All dogs underwent general anesthesia for PCT. Contrast medium (350 mg I/kg) was injected at 3 different injection rates (2, 3, and 4 mL/second) and with 2 sizes of an intravenous catheter (20-gauge and 24-gauge). The rostral cerebral artery and dorsal sagittal sinus were selected as the regions of interest of the TDC. Initiation time of arterial inflow (ta), venous outflow (tv), peak time of arterial enhancement (Tap), and the peak time of venous enhancement (Tvp), were measured, and the difference between Tap and tv (Tap-tv) and between Tap and ta (Tap-ta) was calculated.
Both Tap-tv and Tap-ta were significantly (P < .05) shorter at the rate of 3 mL/second than at 2 mL/second with the 24-gauge catheter. However, there was no significant difference according to catheter sizes. Particularly, a 4 mL/second injection rate using a 24-gauge catheter mostly resulted in contrast medium leakage and catheter rupture.
At a rate of 3 mL/second and with a 24-gauge catheter ensures optimal image acquisition and stable contrast medium injection in brain PCT for small dogs. PCT may be useful for diagnosing cerebrovascular events and hemodynamic changes in small dogs.
USP7 is a promising target for the development of cancer treatments because of its high expression and the critical functions of its substrates in carcinogenesis of several different carcinomas. ...Here, we demonstrated the effectiveness of targeting USP7 in advanced malignant cells showing high levels of USP7, especially in taxane-resistant cancer. USP7 knockdown effectively induced cell death in several cancer cells of lung, prostate, and cervix. Depletion of USP7 induced multiple spindle pole formation in mitosis, and, consequently, resulted in mitotic catastrophe. When USP7 was blocked in the paclitaxel-resistant lung cancer NCI-H460
cells, which has resistance to mitotic catastrophe, NCI-H460
cells underwent apoptosis effectively. Furthermore, combination treatment with the mitotic kinase PLK1 inhibitor volasertib and the USP7 inhibitor P22077 showed a strong synergism through down-regulation of
in paclitaxel-resistant lung cancer. Therefore, we suggest USP7 is a promising target for cancer therapy, and combination therapy with inhibitors of PLK1 and USP7 may be valuable for treating paclitaxel-resistant cancers, because of their strong synergism.
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