Phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with ultimate efficiency in terms of the external quantum efficiency (EQE), driving voltage, and efficiency roll‐off are reported, making use of ...an exciplex‐forming co‐host. This exciplex‐forming co‐host system enables efficient singlet and triplet energy transfers from the host exciplex to the phosphorescent dopant because the singlet and triplet energies of the exciplex are almost identical. In addition, the system has low probability of direct trapping of charges at the dopant molecules and no charge‐injection barrier from the charge‐transport layers to the emitting layer. By combining all these factors, the OLEDs achieve a low turn‐on voltage of 2.4 V, a very high EQE of 29.1% and a very high power efficiency of 124 lm W−1. In addition, the OLEDs achieve an extremely low efficiency roll‐off. The EQE of the optimized OLED is maintained at more than 27.8%, up to 10 000 cd m−2.
Using an exciplex‐forming co‐host, an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) with ultimate efficiency is produced. The OLED has a low turn‐on voltage of 2.4 V, a very high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 29.1%, a very high power efficiency of 124 lm W−1, and an extremely low efficiency roll‐off. The EQE of the optimized OLED is maintained at more than 27.8%, up to 10 000 cd m−2.
Ancillary ligands in heteroleptic iridium complexes significantly influence the orientation of the transition dipole moments. Ir(ppy)3, a homoleptic iridium complex, exhibits isotropic dipole ...orientation, whereas the heteroleptic Ir complexes of Ir(ppy)2tmd show a highly preferred dipole orientation (78%) in the horizontal direction. In addition, we demonstrate an unprecedented highly efficient green OLED exhibiting an EQE of 32.3% and a power efficiency of 142.5 lm/W by using an emitter with high quantum yield and horizontally oriented dipoles.
For electroluminescence with delayed fluorescence, the azasiline unit has been introduced for the first time as a donor in a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material. The TADF ...material (DTPDDA) shows strong intramolecular charge transfer (CT) character with large spatial separation with the acceptor of triazine leading to narrow splitting of singlet and triplet excited states for the efficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). A blue organic light emitting diode (OLED) based on DTPDDA not only displays deep blue in the Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.149, 0.197) but also exhibits a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 22.3% which is the highest value ever reported for a blue fluorescent OLED. Theoretical prediction based on transient photoluminescence (PL) and optical simulation result agrees well with the achieved EQE indicating the successful conversion of triplet excitons to singlet in the blue fluorescent OLED by using DTPDDA.
Peptides show tremendous promise in synthesizing metal–peptide superstructures with tailored shapes and functions. However, bottom‐up control of the polymorphs of these superstructures using a single ...short peptide without molecular modification has not been mechanistically clarified. Therefore, an approach to constructing gold–peptide superstructures with unprecedented structural diversity using a tyrosine‐rich short peptide is developed, based on the assembling and mineralizing attributes of tyrosine. One‐step UV irradiation of peptide/gold‐salt systems enables on‐site mineralization of gold ions, permitting controlled solvent‐dependent fabrication of various superstructures. 0D colloids, 2D sheets, 3D superspheres, and 3D hollow capsules are produced via one‐pot reactions in a pH‐10 buffer, at the interface of a toluene–water biphasic system, in water, and in toluene‐in‐water emulsions, respectively, whereas 1D rod/fibril structures are produced using rapidly assembling peptides (A, F, I, L, N, V, Y, and D as X in YY‐X‐YY) in a two‐step process. Several peptide derivatives, which also exhibit assembling and biomineralizing abilities and form various superstructures, validate the functionality of the tyrosine‐rich peptide. This study sheds light on the design and development of diverse gold‐peptide superstructures for applications including catalysis, sensing, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Unprecedented structural polymorphism of gold@peptide superstructures from the nanoscale to the macroscale is achieved using a newly designed tyrosine‐rich short peptide. The facile assembly‐and‐mineralization method reported herein enables elaborate control of the gold@peptide superstructure, yielding diverse configurations such as 0D colloids, 1D rods/fibrils, 2D nanosheets, 3D superspheres, and 3D hollow capsules.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients frequently experience disease recurrence and distant metastasis. This study aimed to identify prognostic indicators, including individual responses to chemotherapy, ...in CRC patients. RNA-seq data was generated using 54 samples (normal colon, primary CRC, and liver metastases) from 18 CRC patients and genes associated with CRC aggressiveness were identified. A risk score based on these genes was developed and validated in four independent CRC patient cohorts (n = 1063). Diverse statistical methods were applied to validate the risk scoring system, including a generalized linear model likelihood ratio test, Kaplan–Meier curves, a log-rank test, and the Cox model. TREM1 and CTGF were identified as two activated regulators associated with CRC aggressiveness. A risk score based on 19 genes regulated by TREM1 or CTGF activation (TCA19) was a significant prognostic indicator. In multivariate and subset analyses based on pathological staging, TCA19 was an independent risk factor (HR = 1.894, 95% CI = 1.227–2.809, P = 0.002). Subset stratification in stage III patients revealed that TCA19 had prognostic potential and identified patients who would benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, regardless of age. The TCA19 predictor represents a novel diagnostic tool for identifying high-risk CRC patients and possibly predicting the response to adjuvant chemotherapy.
•We identified TREM1 and CTGF as active regulators in aggressive colorectal cancer.•TCA19 classifier defined by TREM1 or CTGF activation was developed.•TCA19 classifier was a significant predictor of disease-free survival.•TCA19 could identify patients who would benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.•TCA19 risk score could identify high-risk stage III elderly patients (≥75 years).
F− on: The title compound TBAF(tBuOH)4 can act as a highly effective fluoride source for nucleophilic fluorination thanks to its favorable properties, such as a stable structure (in which the ...fluoride ion is surrounded by four bulky nonpolar protic alcohol molecules), a dehydrated state, low hygroscopicity, good solubility in organic solvents, good nucleophilicity, and low basicity.
Melanin is an effective absorber of light and can extend to near infrared (NIR) regions. In this study, a natural melanin is presented as a photothermal therapeutic agent (PTA) because it provides a ...good photothermal conversion efficiency, shows biodegradability, and does not induce long‐term toxicity during retention in vivo. Poloxamer solution containing melanin (Pol–Mel) does not show any precipitation and shows sol–gel transition at body temperature. After irradiation from 808 nm NIR laser at 1.5 W cm−2 for 3 min, the photothermal conversion efficiency of Pol–Mel is enough to kill cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The tumor growth of mice bearing CT26 tumors treated with Pol–Mel injection and laser irradiation is suppressed completely without recurrence postirradiation. All these results indicate that Pol–Mel can become an attractive PTA for photothermal cancer therapy.
Poloxamer solution containing melanin (Pol–Mel) shows sol–gel transition at body temperature after heat generation induced by near infrared 808 nm laser irradiation. Following intratumoral injection of Pol–Mel and the laser irradiation, the growth of the CT26 tumors is suppressed completely without recurrence. From these results, Pol–Mel is a potentially attractive photothermal therapeutic agent for cancer therapy.
A high‐efficiency blue‐emitting organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) approaching theoretical efficiency using an exciplex‐forming co‐host composed of N,N′‐dicarbazolyl‐3,5‐benzene (mCP) and ...bis‐4,6‐(3,5‐di‐3‐pyridylphenyl)‐ 2‐methylpyrimidine (B3PYMPM) is fabricated. Iridium(III)bis(4,6‐difluorophenyl)‐ pyridinato‐N,C2′picolinate (FIrpic) is used as the emitter, which turns out to have a preferred horizontal dipole orientation in the emitting layer. The OLED shows a maximum external quantum efficiency of 29.5% (a maximum current efficiency of 62.2 cd A−1), which is in perfect agreement with the theoretical prediction.
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