Dementia is one of the priority public health problems in the older population, and the number of people with dementia is steadily increasing. The longitudinal association of muscle strength with ...risk of new-onset cognitive dysfunction in a general population including middle and older adults remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low muscle strength on risk for new-onset cognitive dysfunction over 6 years using a large nationwide sample of cognitively healthy adults. Study participants included 6,435 middle and older adults (33,554 person-years of follow-up), using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing 2006-2012. Muscular strength was measured using the maximum handgrip strength of each participant as an index of muscle quality. Low muscle strength was defined as one standard deviation below the mean using the handgrip strength index based on the study population. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Mental Status Evaluation. The hazard ratio (HR) for cognitive dysfunction significantly and linearly increased according to muscle strength status independent of potential confounding factors (HR: 1.36, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.18-1.56 for low vs. normal-high group). Using stratified analyses, a significant association between muscle strength status and risk of cognitive impairment was observed in those with low physical activity, but not those with high physical activity. We show that handgrip strength is associated with increased risk of new-onset cognitive dysfunction over 6 years of follow-up in cognitively healthy middle aged and older adults at baseline.
Rational engineering and assimilation of diverse chemo‐ and biocatalytic functionalities in a single nanostructure is highly desired for efficient multistep chemical reactions but has so far remained ...elusive. Here, we design and synthesize multimodal catalytic nanoreactors (MCNRs) based on a mesoporous metal‐organic framework (MOF). The MCNRs consist of customizable metal nanocrystals and stably anchored enzymes in the mesopores, as well as coordinatively unsaturated cationic metal MOF nodes, all within a single nanoreactor space. The highly intimate and diverse catalytic mesoporous microenvironments and facile accessibility to the active site in the MCNR enables the cooperative and synergistic participation from different chemo‐ and biocatalytic components. This was shown by one‐pot multistep cascade reactions involving a heterogeneous catalytic nitroaldol reaction followed by a Pd/lipase‐catalyzed chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution to yield optically pure (>99 % ee) nitroalcohol derivatives in quantitative yields.
Multitasking MOF: A multimodal catalytic nanoreactor consisting of metal nanocrystals, stably anchored enzymes, and coordinatively unsaturated metal nodes inside the mesopores of a metal‐organic framework has been established for one‐pot multistep cascade reactions. This system enabled the formation of optically pure nitroalcohol derivatives in quantitative yields.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between handgrip strength and mild cognitive impairment in elderly adults. Subjects Study participants included 2,982 adults ...(1,366 males and 1,616 females), aged 65 years or older. Methods This population-based cross-sectional study used the baseline database from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Results The odds ratio for mild cognitive impairment showed a significant linear decrease in relation to the quartile of handgrip strength, independent of potential covariates, in both men and women. Moreover, after excluding incident cases of mild cognitive impairment, the results showed that greater handgrip strength was associated with higher cognitive function scores in the elderly. Conclusion The findings presented here suggest that handgrip strength is associated with a risk of mild cognitive impairment in the Korean elderly. Moreover, greater handgrip strength is associated with higher cognitive function in cognitively normal elderly individuals.
The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) provides a reliable and ecologically valid model for the assessment of individual risk-taking propensity and is frequently used in neuroimaging and developmental ...research. Although the test-retest reliability of risk-taking behavior during the BART is well established, the reliability of brain activation patterns in response to risk-taking during the BART remains elusive. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and evaluated the test-retest reliability of brain responses in 34 healthy adults during a modified BART by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Dice’s similarity coefficients (DSC). Analyses revealed that risk-induced brain activation patterns showed good test-retest reliability (median ICC = 0.62) and moderate to high spatial consistency, while brain activation patterns associated with win or loss outcomes only had poor to fair reliability (median ICC = 0.33 for win and 0.42 for loss). These findings have important implications for future utility of the BART in fMRI to examine brain responses to risk-taking and decision-making.
•Risk-taking behavior during the BART showed excellent test-retest reliability.•Brain responses to risk-taking during the BART showed good test-retest reliability.•Brain responses to risk-taking showed moderate to high spatial consistency.•Brain activation patterns associated with win or loss outcomes had poor to fair reliability.
An Advanced Lithium-Sulfur Battery Kim, Junghoon; Lee, Dong-Ju; Jung, Hun-Gi ...
Advanced functional materials,
February 25, 2013, Letnik:
23, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A lithium‐sulfur battery employing a high performances mesoporous hard carbon spherules‐sulfur cathode and a stable, highly conducting electrolyte is reported. The results demonstrate that the ...battery cycles with very high capacity, i.e., of the order of 750 mAh g−1 with excellent retention during cycling. In addition, by exploiting the high conductivity of our selected electrolyte, the battery performs very well also at low temperature, i.e., delivering a capacity of 500 mAh g−1(S) at 0 °C for over 170 charge‐discharge cycles. We believe that these results may substantially contribute to the progress of the lithium‐sulfur battery technology.
A porous hard carbon spherules‐sulfur (HCS‐S) composite cathode shows remarkable electrochemical behavior in a lithium cell using a solution of lithium triflate (LiCF3SO3) in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) as the electrolyte. The new composite, characterized by high capacity, long cycle life, and remarkable sulfur content, is proposed as a new cathode material for high energy‐lithium batteries.
Age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia) and increased fat mass (obesity) may contribute to chronic disease. Multimorbidity needs more complex health care and is associated with an elevated risk of ...mortality, disability, and poor quality of life. Sarcopenia and obesity together may be more closely associated with multimorbidity than either sarcopenia or obesity alone. However, a possible multimorbidity link with sarcopenic obesity is unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association of sarcopenic obesity and multimorbidity in Korean adults.
A nationwide cross-sectional study based on data from Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, 2008 to 2011.
Study participants included 10,118 adults aged ≥40 years.
Skeletal muscle mass was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenia was defined as 1 standard deviation below the mean using the skeletal muscle mass index based on a young population reference group. Obesity was defined using the waist circumference sex-specific cutoff point for Asians.
When examined individually, there was a significant association of sarcopenia odds ratio (OR): 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31-1.70 and obesity (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.45-1.84) with the risk of multimorbidity after being adjusted for potential covariates. When examined as sarcopenia and obesity combined, a greater increase in the risk of multimorbidity was found (OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 2.60-3.40) compared with either sarcopenia (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.18-1.77) or obesity (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.39-2.30) alone.
In conclusion, we found that sarcopenia and obesity are independently associated with the risk of multimorbidity, but with these conditions combined, sarcopenic obesity has a greater risk of multimorbidity.
Li2CO3-coated LiCoO2 powders are prepared from a lithium hydroxide solution via low-temperature heat treatment and the effects on the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state lithium ion ...batteries (ASS-LIBs) using Li2S-P2S5 glass-ceramic solid electrolytes are investigated. A combination of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses reveals that the Li2CO3 particles on the surface of LiCoO2 particles are formed without significant change in LiCoO2 structure. While the Li2CO3 is regarded as an impurity phase in lithium battery systems using liquid electrolytes due to its detrimental effects on electrochemical performance, we show that optimal amounts of Li2CO3 coating effectively suppress interfacial side reactions without a significant decrease in interfacial kinetics for all-solid-state lithium battery systems using sulfide solid electrolytes.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major clinical and public health problem with few therapeutic interventions successfully translated to the clinic. Identifying imaging-based biomarkers ...characterizing injury severity and predicting long-term functional and cognitive outcomes in TBI patients is crucial for treatment. TBI results in white matter (WM) injuries, which can be detected using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Trauma-induced pathologies lead to accumulation of free water (FW) in brain tissue, and standard DTI is susceptible to the confounding effects of FW. In this study, we applied FW DTI to estimate free water volume fraction (FW-VF) in patients with moderate-to-severe TBI and demonstrated its association with injury severity and long-term outcomes. DTI scans and neuropsychological assessments were obtained longitudinally at 3, 6, and 12 months post-injury for 34 patients and once in 35 matched healthy controls. We observed significantly elevated FW-VF in 85 of 90 WM regions in patients compared to healthy controls (
< 0.05). We then presented a patient-specific summary score of WM regions derived using Mahalanobis distance. We observed that M
at 3 months significantly predicted functional outcome (
= 0.008), executive function (
= 0.005), and processing speed (
= 0.01) measured at 12 months and was significantly correlated with injury severity (
< 0.001). Our findings are an important step toward implementing M
as a biomarker for personalized therapy and rehabilitation planning for TBI patients.
PDF
