In a roll-to-roll (R2R) system, the roller’s traction force for precision transportation is crucial for the commercialization of printed electronic devices. Moreover, greater traction force of the ...roller can prevent several issues, such as slippage, wrinkles, sagging, and air entrainment, which occur because of insufficient traction force. The wrap angle, tension, and friction coefficient between the roller and the transporting film are key factors for achieving greater traction force in an R2R transport system. However, design of the wrap angle and tension are limited by the film damage and complex arrangement of the rollers. For these reasons, this study focused on the method that increases the friction coefficient on the surface of the roller. We applied three methods—normal force, static electricity, and thin polydimethylsiloxane coating—on the surface of the roller. Then, we suggest an effective means of improving the friction coefficient to supplement the design restrictions of tension and the wrap angle in R2R transport systems.
Artificial intelligence (AI) social chatbots represent a major advancement in merging technology with mental health, offering benefits through natural and emotional communication. Unlike ...task-oriented chatbots, social chatbots build relationships and provide social support, which can positively impact mental health outcomes like loneliness and social anxiety. However, the specific effects and mechanisms through which these chatbots influence mental health remain underexplored.
This study explores the mental health potential of AI social chatbots, focusing on their impact on loneliness and social anxiety among university students. The study seeks to (i) assess the impact of engaging with an AI social chatbot in South Korea, "Luda Lee," on these mental health outcomes over a 4-week period and (ii) analyze user experiences to identify perceived strengths and weaknesses, as well as the applicability of social chatbots in therapeutic contexts.
A single-group pre-post study was conducted with university students who interacted with the chatbot for 4 weeks. Measures included loneliness, social anxiety, and mood-related symptoms such as depression, assessed at baseline, week 2, and week 4. Quantitative measures were analyzed using analysis of variance and stepwise linear regression to identify the factors affecting change. Thematic analysis was used to analyze user experiences and assess the perceived benefits and challenges of chatbots.
A total of 176 participants (88 males, average age=22.6 (SD 2.92)) took part in the study. Baseline measures indicated slightly elevated levels of loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale, mean 27.97, SD (11.07)) and social anxiety (Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, mean 25.3, SD (14.19)) compared to typical university students. Significant reductions were observed as loneliness decreasing by week 2 (t
=2.55, P=.02) and social anxiety decreasing by week 4 (t
=2.67, P=.01). Stepwise linear regression identified baseline loneliness (β=0.78, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.89), self-disclosure (β=-0.65, 95% CI -1.07 to -0.23) and resilience (β=0.07, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.13) as significant predictors of week 4 loneliness (R
=0.64). Baseline social anxiety (β=0.92, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.03) significantly predicted week 4 anxiety (R
=0.65). These findings indicate higher baseline loneliness, lower self-disclosure to the chatbot, and higher resilience significantly predicted higher loneliness at week 4. Additionally, higher baseline social anxiety significantly predicted higher social anxiety at week 4. Qualitative analysis highlighted the chatbot's empathy and support as features for reliability, though issues such as inconsistent responses and excessive enthusiasm occasionally disrupted user immersion.
Social chatbots may have the potential to mitigate feelings of loneliness and social anxiety, indicating their possible utility as complementary resources in mental health interventions. User insights emphasize the importance of empathy, accessibility, and structured conversations in achieving therapeutic goals.
Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) KCT0009288; https://tinyurl.com/hxrznt3t.
Procrastination negatively affects university students' academics and mental health. Traditional time management apps lack therapeutic strategies like cognitive behavioral therapy to address ...procrastination's psychological aspects. Therefore, we developed and integrated a semigenerative chatbot named Moa into a to-do app.
We intended to determine the benefits of the Moa-integrated to-do app over the app without Moa by verifying behavioral and cognitive changes, analyzing the influence of engagement patterns on the changes, and exploring the user experience.
The developed chatbot Moa guided users over 30 days in terms of self-observation, strategy establishment, and reflection. The architecture comprised response-generating and procrastination factor-detection algorithms. A pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted with 85 participants (n=37, 44% female; n=48, 56% male) from a university in South Korea. The control group used a to-do app without Moa, whereas the treatment group used a fully automated Moa-integrated app. The Irrational Procrastination Scale, Pure Procrastination Scale, Time Management Behavior Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale were examined using linear mixed models with repeated measurements obtained before (T0) and after (T1) 1-month use and after 2-month use (T2) to assess the changes in irrational procrastination, pure procrastination, time management and behavior, academic self-regulation, and stress. Intervention engagement, divided into "high," "middle" and "low" clusters, was quantified using app access and use of the to-do list and grouped using k-means clustering. In addition, changes in the psychological scale scores between the control and treatment groups were analyzed within each cluster. User experience was quantified based on the usability, feasibility, and acceptability of and satisfaction with the app, whereas thematic analysis explored the users' subjective responses to app use.
In total, 75 participants completed the study. The interaction of time × procrastination was significant during the required use period (P=.01). The post hoc test indicated a significant improvement from T0 to T1 in the Time Management Behavior Scale and Perceived Stress Scale scores only in the treatment group (P<.001 and P=.009). The changes in Pure Procrastination Scale score after the required use period were significant in all clusters except for the low cluster of the control group. The high cluster in the treatment group exhibited a significant change in the Irrational Procrastination Scale after Bonferroni correction (P=.046). Usability was determined to be good in the treatment group (mean score 72.8, SD 16.0), and acceptability was higher than in the control group (P=.03). Evaluation of user experience indicated that only the participants in the treatment group achieved self-reflection and experienced an alliance with the app.
The chatbot-integrated app demonstrated greater efficacy in influencing user behavior providing psychological support. It will serve as a valuable tool for managing procrastination and stress together.
Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) KCT0009056; https://tinyurl.com/yc84tedk.
A colonic lipoma is a very rare benign tumor that is usually asymptomatic and is found incidentally by colonoscopy.Patients with a large colonic lipoma may present with symptoms such as abdominal ...pain,bleeding,and colonic obstruction or intussusceptions.We report two patients with large colonic lipomas and symptoms.Standard endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) was performed to remove the lipomas instead of conventional surgical bowel resection.No complications were observed during or after the procedure.The tumors were resected en bloc,and the patients were discharged 2 d after ESD with a regular diet.The results indicate that ESD can be applied as safe and effective treatment for a large colonic lipoma.
The paper presents a conceptual map of Chinese, Korean, and Japanese translations of Booker T. Washington, Frederick Douglass, and Solomon Northup from 1920 to the present. It considers the problems ...and advantages of a regional East Asian translation history, including issues of internationalism, sharing mass traumas and resistances, ideological misappropriation, reader reception, and de-centering analytic binarisms. The paper then turns to paratexts to discuss the numerous translations of Washington’s
Up from Slavery
, particularly the social development messages these translations sought to promote throughout East Asia. Given declining reader interest in Booker T. Washington in the twenty-first century, it then examines the more recent popularity of Frederick Douglass in translation editions as a symbolic leader of resistance against slavery. A conclusion addresses the East Asian translation history of Solomon Northup’s
Twelve Years a Slave
and the contemporary status of translated slave narratives as a global commodity.
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has exacerbated global mental health challenges, underscoring the urgent need for advancements in digital healthcare technologies. Digital ...therapeutics have demonstrated clinical utility across various domains; however, their development and implementation in the mental health remain constrained within the traditional clinical paradigm. This study conceptualizes and classifies digital interventions for mental health (DIMH), delineates their core technologies, and discusses their strengths and limitations.Current Concepts: DIMH interventions predominantly utilize cognitive behavioral therapy frameworks, targeting conditions such as anxiety, depression, and psychological distress. Despite their potential, low user engagement remains a persistent challenge, necessitating personalized approaches tailored to individual needs. Platforms bridge users and therapists, facilitating hybrid online-offline care; however, service delivery may falter due to shortages in provider availability. Emerging social chatbots, while not specifically designed for treatment, show promising outcomes but are limited by insufficient consideration of social contexts and potential interactional errors. Digital phenotyping, which leverages behavioral data such as location tracking and smartphone usage patterns, enhances the personalization of interventions by embedding social context. Additionally, virtual reality (VR) offers effective solutions for exposure therapy and social interaction training, serving as a viable alternative to traditional therapy.Discussion and Conclusion: This review underscores the complementary nature of DIMH technologies and advocates for an integrated approach. The convergence of group-based interventions, chatbots, digital phenotyping, and VR technology presents opportunities for more effective and personalized mental health care. Such advancements could redefine mental health services, addressing unmet needs and fostering innovation.
This paper describes the development of 12‐in. 100 PPI active‐matrix micro‐LED stretchable displays, capable of being stretched up to 20%. Our work has involved the development of key technologies ...such as stretchable interconnects, stretchable films, and micro‐LEDs and the integration process for these components. The stretchable displays exhibited various types of deformations, suggesting the potential for new applications in information display.
We have developed 12‐in. 100 PPI active‐matrix micro‐LED stretchable displays that can be stretched up to 20%. Our work has involved the development of key technologies such as stretchable interconnects, stretchable films, and micro‐LEDs and the integration process for these components. The stretchable displays exhibited various types of deformations, suggesting the potential for new applications in information display.
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