In this paper, we use the Korean viewership data for the 2006 FIFA World Cup games to establish a model to predict the TV ratings of big international sporting events. We focus on the ex ante ...determinants of viewership that can be taken into consideration by the time the TV commercial air time is sold. The results show that the TV ratings of each game can be predicted very accurately in a simple model employing several predetermined variables. The participation of the national team is the single most important factor, adding a whopping 47 percentage points to the viewership on average. The local time of the day for a live broadcast is the next most important factor. KCI Citation Count: 0
Somatic mutation patterns and compound response in cancers He, N.N., Sookmyung Womens University, Seoul, Republic of korea; Kim, N.Y., Sookmyung Womens University, Seoul, Republic of korea; Yoon, S.J., Sookmyung Womens University, Seoul, Republic of korea
BMB reports,
02/2013, Letnik:
46, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The use of various cancer cell lines can recapitulate known tumor-associated mutations and genetically define cancer subsets. This approach also enables comparative surveys of associations between ...cancer mutations and drug responses. Here, we analyzed the effects of ∼40,000 compounds on cancer cell lines that showed diverse mutation-dependent sensitivity profiles. Over 1,000 compounds exhibited unique sensitivity on cell lines with specific mutational genotypes, and these compounds were clustered into six different classes of mutation-oriented sensitivity. The present analysis provides new insights into the relationship between somatic mutations and selectivity response of chemicals, and these results should have applications related to predicting and optimizing therapeutic windows for anti-cancer agents.
Helicobacter pylori
infection can induce aberrant CpG island hypermethylation in gastric mucosal epithelial cells. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of proinflammatory cytokine genes encoding for ...interleukin 1B (
IL1B
),
IL6
, and
IL8
have been demonstrated to be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. To identify the influence of host genetic factors in CpG island hypermethylation induced by
H. pylori
infection, we analyzed
H. pylori-
infected chronic gastritis (
n
= 111) and gastric cancer samples (
n
= 78) for the methylation status of eight genes previously shown to be hypermethylated in chronic gastritis and single nucleotide polymorphisms of
IL1B
,
IL6
, and
IL8
. The methylation levels were then compared between different genotypes. Gastric cancers from patients with the
IL1B
-511T/T allele showed significantly higher methylation levels in five genes as compared with gastric cancers from
IL1B
-511 C carriers (
P
< 0.05). An increased level of hypermethylation in association with the
IL1B
-511T/T allele was observed in chronic gastritis samples, but the association was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that the
IL1B
-511T/T allele is associated with enhanced hypermethylation of multiple CpG island loci, which might contribute to an increase in the risk for gastric cancer in individuals with
H. pylori
infection and
IL1B
-511T/T allele.
•The results of two large-scale eye-tracking studies are reported.•A novel variable trailing mask paradigm was used to determine whether amount or location of rereading of NP/Z garden-path sentences ...was related to offline comprehension.•E1 presented comprehension questions after each sentence, and E2 presented the comprehension questions both before and after each sentence.•Results provide strong evidence (of multiple types) against selective reanalysis of NP/Z garden-paths.
When people read temporarily ambiguous (“garden-path”) sentences, the forward movement of their eyes is often interrupted by regressions. These regressions are usually followed by rereading some portion of the previously read text. Frazier and Rayner (1982) proposed the Selective Reanalysis Hypothesis (SRH), which proposed that readers regress to critical choice points in the syntactic phrase marker of garden-paths where misparses had occurred, and furthermore, then reanalyzed the syntactic structure to arrive at a correct parse in most cases. A considerable amount of more recent work, however, suggests that readers often do not derive a correct parse or interpretation from such sentences. If these more recent observations are accurate, perhaps rereading is not necessarily strategic, controlled, or predictable. The current study consists of two large-scale eye-tracking experiments designed specifically to examine where and how much people reread garden-path sentences, and whether rereading influences comprehension accuracy. A variable text-masking paradigm was employed to restrict access to portions of garden-paths and non-garden-paths during rereading. Scanpath analyses were used to determine whether some or all participants targeted syntactically critical parts of previously read text. Comprehension questions probed final interpretations. In short, readers often misinterpreted the garden-paths, and no rereading measures predicted better comprehension. Furthermore, scanpath analyses revealed considerable variation across and within readers; only small percentages of trials conformed to structurally-based predictions. Taken together, we fail to find support for structurally strategic rereading. We therefore propose that rereading of these sentences is more often “confirmatory” than “revisionary” in nature.
Background
Alcohol may increase gastric cancer risk. Alcohol can be more carcinogenic in persons who possess inactive ALDH2. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate whether ALDH2 polymorphism ...can affect alcohol‐induced gastric carcinogenesis.
Methods
We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases to identify relevant articles published between January 2000 and September 2019. Eligible articles were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3.
Results
A total of 7 case–control studies on ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism consisting of 3,251 gastric cancer cases and 4,943 controls were included in the analysis. Inactive ALDH2 genotypes (G/A or A/A) were associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (odds ratio OR = 1.26, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.04 to 1.52, p = 0.02, I2 = 64%), compared with active ALDH2 (G/G genotype). Subgroup analysis by alcohol consumption showed that inactive ALDH2 increased risk for gastric cancer in moderate to heavy drinkers (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.52 to 2.25, p < 0.01, I2 = 6%) more than in nondrinkers or mild drinkers (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.36, p < 0.01, I2 = 6%). Moderate/heavy alcohol consumption increased gastric cancer risk in individuals with inactive ALDH2 (OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.63 to 3.05, p < 0.01, I2 = 30%) more than those with active ALDH2 (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 0.98 to 2.01, p = 0.07, I2 = 85%).
Conclusions
The ALDH2 polymorphism modifies the risk of gastric cancer. Moderate/heavy drinkers are more susceptible to gastric cancer than non‐drinkers or light drinkers with inactive ALDH2.
Alcohol may increase the risk of gastric cancer. Alcohol can be more carcinogenic in persons with inactive ALDH2. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate whether ALDH2 polymorphism can affect alcohol‐induced gastric carcinogenesis. We found that inactive ALDH2 increased the risk for gastric cancer in moderate to heavy drinkers (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.52 to 2.25, p < 0.01, I2 = 6%) more than in non‐drinkers or mild drinkers (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.36, p < 0.01, I2 = 6%). Strict alcohol abstinence should be recommended in individuals who possess inactive ALDH2.
Transdermal drug delivery has advantages of topical drug administration compared to the other conventional administration methods. However, the skin penetration of drugs is limited by the barrier ...properties of stratum corneum. The combinational strategy has been investigated to improve the skin permeability of the drug. For this study, we devised an improved device that can perform not only the single application of sonophoresis or iontophoresis but also the simultaneous application. The enhancement effect of sonophoresis was evaluated for various cosmeceutical drugs using a Franz diffusion cell. The enhancement ratio of niacinamide and retinol with sonophoresis was increased to 402% and 292%, respectively. The relationship was found between the enhancement effect of sonophoresis and the physicochemical properties of drugs. In particular, the simultaneous treatment of sonophoresis and iontophoresis enhanced skin penetration of glutamic acid to 240% using the fabricated device. The simultaneous application showed significantly higher enhancement ratio than application of sonophoresis or iontophoresis alone. Moreover, the improved device achieved skin penetration enhancement of various cosmeceutical drugs with lower intensity and a short application time. This combined strategy of transdermal physical enhancement methods is advantageous in terms of decline in energy density, thereby reducing the skin irritation. The miniaturized device with sonophoresis and iontophoresis is a promising approach due to enhanced transdermal drug delivery and feasibility of self-administration in cosmetic and therapeutic fields.
Background and Aim: Metronidazole and tetracycline‐based second‐line quadruple therapy, widely used for Helicobacter pylori infection, often ends up in failure due to antibiotic resistance and poor ...compliance in Korea. Our aim is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of moxifloxacin‐based triple therapy as an alternative second‐line treatment for H. pylori infection.
Methods: The subjects consisted of 85 patients infected with H. pylori, in whom initial proton pump inhibitor triple therapy had failed. They were randomized to receive the following 7‐day therapy: 1, moxifloxacin 400 mg q.d., esomeprazole 20 mg b.i.d., and amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d.; and 2, esomeprazole 40 mg b.i.d., tripotassium dicitrate bismuthate 300 mg q.i.d., metronidazole 500 mg t.i.d., and tetracycline 500 mg q.i.d. Eradication rates, drug compliance, and side‐effect rates of each group were evaluated.
Results: The eradication rates were 75.6 and 83.8% with moxifloxacin triple therapy, and 54.5 and 72.7% with quadruple therapy by intention‐to‐treat (p = .042) and per‐protocol analyses (p = .260), respectively. Moxifloxacin triple therapy was significantly superior to quadruple therapy in terms of side‐effect rates (p = .039). Compliance for therapy, i.e., the percentage of tablets taken (> 85%), was 90.2 and 75.0%, numerically higher in moxifloxacin triple therapy group than in quadruple therapy group, but without statistical difference (p = .065).
Conclusions: Moxifloxacin‐based triple therapy showed high eradication rates with few side effects and good drug compliance, suggesting this regimen could be a safe and effective option as second‐line therapy for H. pylori infection in Korea.
To present results of the Kyoto Global Consensus Meeting, which was convened to develop global consensus on (1) classification of chronic gastritis and duodenitis, (2) clinical distinction of ...dyspepsia caused by Helicobacter pylori from functional dyspepsia, (3) appropriate diagnostic assessment of gastritis and (4) when, whom and how to treat H. pylori gastritis.
Twenty-three clinical questions addressing the above-mentioned four domains were drafted for which expert panels were asked to formulate relevant statements. A Delphi method using an anonymous electronic system was adopted to develop the consensus, the level of which was predefined as ≥80%. Final modifications of clinical questions and consensus were achieved at the face-to-face meeting in Kyoto.
All 24 statements for 22 clinical questions after extensive modifications and omission of one clinical question were achieved with a consensus level of >80%. To better organise classification of gastritis and duodenitis based on aetiology, a new classification of gastritis and duodenitis is recommended for the 11th international classification. A new category of H. pylori-associated dyspepsia together with a diagnostic algorithm was proposed. The adoption of grading systems for gastric cancer risk stratification, and modern image-enhancing endoscopy for the diagnosis of gastritis, were recommended. Treatment to eradicate H. pylori infection before preneoplastic changes develop, if feasible, was recommended to minimise the risk of more serious complications of the infection.
A global consensus for gastritis was developed for the first time, which will be the basis for an international classification system and for further research on the subject.
Our objective is to elucidate the association of baseline perfusion lesion volume on perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (PWI) obtained at hyperacute stage of ischemic stroke with ...subsequent cerebral ischemic events (SIEs) in patients with symptomatic steno-occlusion of major cerebral arteries. Using a prospective stroke registry database, patients arriving within 24 hours of onset with symptomatic steno-occlusion of major supratentorial cerebral arteries were identified. On baseline PWI, time-to-peak lesion volume (TTP-LV) was determined by a simple geometric method and dichotomized into the highest tertile (large) and the other tertiles (small to medium) according to the vascular territory of occluded arteries. Primary outcome was a time to SIE up to 1 year after stroke onset. A total of 385 patients (a median time delay from onset to arrival, 2.2 hours) were enrolled. During the first year of stroke, the SIE rate of the large TTP-LV group was twice that of the small-to-medium TTP-LV group (35.7% versus 17.4%; P < .001). Large TTP-LV independently raised the hazard of SIE (hazard ratio, 2.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-3.44). This study demonstrates that TTP-LV on PWI measured through a simple geometric method at an emergency setting can be used to predict progression or recurrence of ischemic stroke in patients with symptomatic steno-occlusion of major cerebral arteries.
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