We report the final redshift release of the 6dF Galaxy Survey (6dFGS), a combined redshift and peculiar velocity survey over the southern sky (|b| > 10°). Its 136 304 spectra have yielded 110 256 new ...extragalactic redshifts and a new catalogue of 125 071 galaxies making near-complete samples with (K, H, J, rF, bJ) ≤ (12.65, 12.95, 13.75, 15.60, 16.75). The median redshift of the survey is 0.053. Survey data, including images, spectra, photometry and redshifts, are available through an online data base. We describe changes to the information in the data base since earlier interim data releases. Future releases will include velocity dispersions, distances and peculiar velocities for the brightest early-type galaxies, comprising about 10 per cent of the sample. Here we provide redshift maps of the southern local Universe with z≤ 0.1, showing nearby large-scale structures in hitherto unseen detail. A number of regions known previously to have a paucity of galaxies are confirmed as significantly underdense regions. The URL of the 6dFGS data base is http://www-wfau.roe.ac.uk/6dFGS.
Highlights • Barriers to antibiotic optimization in pulmonary medicine include clinical and social barriers. • Pulmonary physicians describe mistrust in clinical guidelines for pulmonary infections. ...• Diagnostic gray areas limit antibiotic optimization in pulmonary medicine. • Immediate patient care is described as prioritized over long-term resistance risks.
The end of life represents a therapeutic context that acutely raises cultural and linguistic specificities, yet there is very little evidence illustrating the importance of such dynamics in shaping ...choices, trajectories and care practices. Culture and language interplay to offer considerable potential challenges to both patient and provider, with further work needed to explore patient and caregiver perspectives across cultures and linguistic groups, and provider perspectives. The objective of this study was to develop a critical, evidence-based understanding of the experiences of people from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) backgrounds, and their caregivers, in a palliative care setting.
A qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews to explore key experiences and perspectives of CALD patients and caregivers currently undergoing treatment under oncology or palliative care specialists in two Australian hospitals. Interviews were digitally audio recorded and transcribed in full. A thematic analysis was conducted utilising the framework approach.
Sixteen patients and fourteen caregivers from a range of CALD backgrounds participated in semi-structured interviews. The research identified four prevalent themes among participants: (1) Terminology in the transition to palliative care; (2) Communication, culture and pain management; (3) (Not) Talking about death and dying; and, (4) Religious faith as a coping strategy: challenging the terminal diagnosis.
CALD patients and caregivers' experiences are multifaceted, particularly in negotiating linguistic difficulties, beliefs about treatment, and issues related to death and dying. Greater attention is needed to develop effective communication skills, recognise CALD patients' particular cultural, linguistic and spiritual values and needs, and acknowledge the unique nature of each doctor-patient interaction.
Misuse of antibiotics in hospitals in Australia and internationally is common. The combination of multi-resistant organisms and continued misuse of antibiotics is contributing to a predicted ...'antimicrobial perfect storm' in the coming decades. Attempts to influence doctors' use of antibiotics have seen limited success internationally, yet few studies have explored the potential social factors driving current practices within hospitals and the interpersonal processes that underpin persistent 'suboptimal' antibiotic use. In this qualitative study of hospital-based Australian doctors we explore some of these dynamics including: the role of clinical uncertainty and ambivalence; experiences of immediate risk; interpersonal and intra-professional pressure; and the role of localised norms and 'craft groups' in driving antibiotic practices. We argue that the development of a sociological understanding of antibiotic misuse in the hospital sector (and beyond) is vital for progress to be made in protecting antibiotics for future generations.
Back pain impacts on a significant proportion of the Australian population over the life course and has high prevalence rates among women, particularly in older age. Back pain care is characterised ...by multiple practitioner and self-prescribed treatment options, and the out-of-pocket costs associated with consultations and self-prescribed treatments have not been examined to date.
To analyse the extent of health care practitioner consultations and self-prescribed treatment for back pain care among Australian women, and to assess the self-reported costs associated with such usage.
Survey of 1,310 women (response rate 80.9%) who reported seeking help for back pain from the '1946-51 cohort' of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Women were asked about their use of health care practitioners and self-prescribed treatments for back pain and the costs associated with such usage.
In the past year 76.4% consulted a complementary and alternative practitioner, 56% an allied health practitioner and 59.2% a GP/medical specialist. Overall, women consulted with, on average, 3.0 (SD = 2.0) different health care practitioners, and had, on average, 12.2 (SD = 9.7) discrete health care practitioner consultations for back pain. Average self-reported out-of-pocket expenditure on practitioners and self-prescribed treatments for back pain care per annum was AU$873.10.
Multiple provider usage for various but distinct purposes (i.e. pain/mobility versus anxiety/stress) points to the need for further research into patient motivations and experiences of back pain care in order to improve and enhance access to and continuity of care. Our results suggest that the cost of back pain care represents a significant burden, and may ultimately limit women's access to multiple providers. We extrapolate that for Australian working-age women, total out-of-pocket expenditure on back pain care per annum is in excess of AU$1.4 billion, thus indicating the prominence of back pain as a major economic, social and health burden.
Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is a critical area to optimize to reduce the escalation of antimicrobial resistance. This article explores the ways by which interpersonal relationships ...influence SAP decision making.
Twenty surgeons and anesthetists participated in in-depth semistructured interviews on SAP prescribing. Results were analyzed using the framework approach.
Analysis revealed 3 ways by which interpersonal relationships influence SAP: relationship dynamics between the surgeon and the anesthetist determine appropriateness of SAP, particularly operative risk ownership; perceived hierarchies within, and between, surgical and anesthetist specialties influence antibiotic prescribing decisions; and surgical distance from the antimicrobial stewardship team, which influences use of antimicrobial stewardship principles.
Interventions to optimize SAP are more likely to be effective in enacting sustained change if they consider the interpersonal and social contexts, including issues of familiarity and cohesiveness, hierarchical patterns, and sense of place within a team. Significant relational dynamics in SAP decision making are centered around risk; that is, personal/reputational risk to different professional groups and ownership of risk for individual patient outcomes. Risk must therefore be considered for sustainable SAP optimization interventions.
The Local Volume Hi Survey: galaxy kinematics Kirby, Emma M; Koribalski, Baerbel; Jerjen, Helmut ...
Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
03/2012, Letnik:
420, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We present a detailed analysis of the neutral hydrogen kinematics of 12 nearby dwarf irregular galaxies observed as part of the Local Volume Hi Survey conducted at the Australia Telescope Compact ...Array. For each galaxy we measure the disc parameters (inclination, position angle) and the Hi rotation curve. Six galaxies in our sample (AM0605-341, Argo Dwarf, ESO059-G001, ESO137-G018, ESO174-G?001 and ESO308-G022) have their atomic hydrogen distribution studied for the first time. AM0605-341 was found to have an extension of redshifted Hi which we propose is due to a tidal interaction with NGC2188. There is evidence that ESO215-G?009 has extraplanar Hi gas. We also compare the global galaxy properties, in particular the integrated Hi flux density and velocity widths of the observed Hi spectra, with the results from the low angular resolution Hi Parkes All Sky Survey. We discuss under what circumstances the 21cm emission-line profile can accurately predict the galaxies rotation velocity, an observational parameter crucial to study the classical and baryonic Tully-Fisher relations.
Chronic back pain affects a significant proportion of older women, often with severe implications for their social lives, relationships and families. It is often characterized by intractability and ...causative ambiguity, challenging a range of medical and moral boundaries around sickness and Wellness. In this study, we utilize solicited diaries with women to capture the day-to-day undulations of living with chronic back pain. These diaries provide rich insight into issues around: disrupted roles and social lives; experiences of perpetuality and isolation; acts of pretense and withdrawal; and, its perceived illegitimacy as an illness experience. Situated within gendered and life-stage cultural scripts, these women's diaries illustrate how ideas about legitimacy and worthiness circulate within and around the social milieu of chronic back pain. We posit that individualized shame and dynamics of recognition are central to women's suffering, reflecting persistent and disruptive social hierarchies of illness.
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