The timing and frequency of periconceptional multivitamin use may be related to the risk of preeclampsia. Women in the Danish National Birth Cohort (1997–2003) reported multivitamin or folate-only ...supplement use during a 12-week periconceptional period (from 4 weeks prior to 8 weeks after the last menstrual period). Preeclampsia cases were identified by using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes. Cox regression was used to estimate the association of frequency (weeks of use) and timing (preconception and postconception) of use with preeclampsia risk. Overall, there were 668 cases of preeclampsia (2.3%), and 18,551 women (65%) reported periconceptional multivitamin use. After adjustment, regular use (12 of 12 weeks) was related to a reduced risk of preeclampsia among normal-weight women. Compared with nonusers with a body mass index of 22 kg/m2, regular multivitamin users with the same body mass index had a 20% reduced risk of preeclampisa (hazard ratio = 0.78, 95% confidence interval: 0.60, 0.99). In addition, regular use in the postconception period only was associated with reduced risk, a relation that also appeared to be limited to women with a body mass index of <25 kg/m2 (hazard ratio = 0.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.42, 0.93). Folate-only supplement use was unrelated to preeclampsia risk. Regular periconceptional multivitamin use was associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia among normal-weight women, and the immediate postconception period appeared to be the relevant exposure window.
Osseous manifestation of infectious disease is of paramount importance to paleopathologists seeking to interpret ancient health, but the relationships among infectious agent exposure, development of ...disease, and skeletal involvement are complex. The outcome of an exposure strongly depends on multiple factors, including ecology, diet, nutrition, immune function, and the genetics of pathogen and host. Mycobacterial diseases are often studied in ancient remains but also are especially influenced by these factors; individual and population differences in severity and course are apparent following onset of active disease. The osteological record for these diseases represents the complex interplay of host and pathogen characteristics influencing within‐ and among‐individual skeletal lesion prevalence and distribution. However, many of these characteristics may be assessed independently through the archaeological record. Here, we explore the contributions of dietary protein and iron to immune function, particularly the course and outcome of infection withMycobacterium tuberculosis. We emphasize how nutrition may influence the dissemination of bacilli to the skeleton and subsequent formation of diagnostic lesions. We then generate models and hypotheses informed by this interplay and apply them to four prehistoric New World areas. Finally, discrepancies between our expectations and the observed record are explored as a basis for new hypotheses.
In this note, we describe a large-scale transition to an active learning format in first-semester calculus at the University of Florida. Student performance and attitudes are compared across ...traditional lecture and flipped sections.
Strontium isotope analysis is applied in South America for the first time in order to investigate residential mobility and mortuary ritual from ad 500 to 1000. While Tiwanaku‐style artefacts are ...spread throughout Bolivia, southern Peru and northern Chile during this time, the nature of Tiwanaku influence in the region is much debated. Human skeletal remains from the site of Tiwanaku and the proposed Tiwanaku colony of Chen Chen have been analysed to test the hypothesis that Tiwanaku colonies, populated with inhabitants from Tiwanaku, existed in Peru. Strontium isotope analysis supports this hypothesis by demonstrating that non‐local individuals are present at both sites.
International ist für viele Universitäten eine vermehrte Anstrengung zu verzeichnen, Curricula und Lehr- und Campusaktivitäten so voranzutreiben, dass sie die Diversität studentischer Perspektiven ...und Lebenswelten abbilden. Hierzu gehört oft der Versuch, indigenes Wissen im Universitätssetting angemessen zu berücksichtigen. Werden indigene Perspektiven integriert, entstehen auch neue Möglichkeiten einer Revision traditioneller qualitativer Lehr- und Lernstrategien. Allerdings existieren bisher nur wenige Ressourcen, die helfen, diese im Grundstudium zu verankern. Ich nutze deshalb kanadische Beispiele um zu veranschaulichen, in welcher Weise der Einbezug indigener Methoden, Perspektiven und Epistemologien – insbesondere im Zuge Community-basierten Lernens und von partizipativen Forschungsprojekten – helfen kann, qualitative Lehr- und Lernmethoden kritisch fortzuentwickeln.URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs150347
Continental margins in regions influenced by temperate ice sheets experience climate-dependent changes in sedimentary processes. A new stratigraphy is presented for Ocean Drilling Program Hole 888B, ...from the Nitinat Fan, on the Vancouver Margin, in which we examine the relationship between fluctuations in glacial-sourced sediment delivered to the continental shelf and turbidite character and frequency. Glacial/interglacial episodes are determined based on: (1) core lithology, where sandy/coarse-grained sediment and fine-grained clay/silty clay represents glacial and interglacial intervals, respectively; (2)
δ
18O of planktonic foraminifera
G.
bulloides, in which higher values indicate warmer sea surface temperatures and lower global ice volume; (3) magnetic susceptibility, in which higher values indicate coarser grain sizes deposited during glacials; and (4) ratios of sinistral
N.
pachyderma to dextral
N.
incompta, in which higher proportions of
N.
pachyderma are a sign of cooler sea surface temperatures. Finally, using radiocarbon
14C dates, specific Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) within the top 240 m of core are assigned: MIS 2–4 (2–118 mbsf), MIS 5 (118–157 mbsf), and MIS 6 (213–240 mbsf). Using this chronology, sedimentation rates for the Nitinat Fan were greater (187 cm/kyr) during glacial MIS 2–4 than interglacial MIS 5 (69 cm/kyr). Additionally, during glacial MIS 2–4 thicker turbidites (upwards of ~
150 cm) were deposited relatively frequently (~
75 year periodicity) compared with those from MIS 5, which are relatively thin (up to 27 cm) and deposited more rarely (~
130 year periodicity). These results indicate that turbidite frequency and thickness are linked to climate through ice sheet extent, since transport of glacimarine sediment to the continental slope promotes turbidity currents that are responsible for the most significant amount of offshore sedimentation. This study shows that geological processes influencing turbidite deposition can fluctuate over time and may not necessarily be represented by ongoing processes within the modern depositional setting.
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