Europu je posljednjih godina zahvatila najveća migracija ljudi od Drugoga svjetskog rata.
Mnoge izbjeglice dolaze morskim putem, preko Sredozemnog mora. U radu se analizira
njihov pravni položaj u ...područjima mora u kojima se nalaze. Međunarodnopravni status
izbjeglice osoba stječe u trenutku kada plovilo izađe iz teritorijalnog mora države
porijekla. S druge strane, teritorijalno more i unutrašnje morske vode države prihvata
jedina su morska područja koja su dijelovi državnog teritorija, odnosno prostiranja
suverenosti europskih država, pa su odgovarajuća prava i obveze država najjasniji
kada se izbjeglica nađe u njima. Teritorijalni doseg primjene pravila ‘’non refoulement’’ o
zabrani vraćanja izbjeglica u područje ugroženosti je dvojben, neke države Europske unije
odriču njegovu primjenu na otvorenom moru
During the last few years Europe has seen the greatest migration of people since World War Two. Many refugees arrive by sea, across the Mediterranean Sea. This article analyses their legal status ...with respect to the maritime zones they find themselves in. An individual obtains the international legal status of refugee when the vessel leaves the territorial sea of the country of origin. On the other hand, territorial sea and internal seawaters of the receiving country are the only maritime areas of the territory, or rather of the sovereignty, of European countries. Therefore, appropriate rights and duties of the states are the most evident when a refugee is found in them. The territorial reach of the legal principle of non-refoulement, which entails that no refugee should be returned to any country where he or she is likely to be in danger, is dubious. Some member states of the European Union do not apply this principle on the high seas.
During the last few years Europe has seen the greatest migration of people since World War Two. Many refugees arrive by sea, across the Mediterranean Sea. This article analyses their legal status ...with respect to the maritime zones they find themselves in. An individual obtains the international legal status of refugee when the vessel leaves the territorial sea of the country of origin. On the other hand, territorial sea and internal sea waters of the receiving country are the only maritime areas of the territory, or rather of the sovereignty, of European countries. Therefore, appropriate rights and duties of the states are the most evident when a refugee is found in them. The territorial reach of the legal principle of non-refoulement, which entails that no refugee should be returned to any country where he or she is likely to be in danger, is dubious. Some member states of the European Union do not apply this principle on the high seas.
This work investigated the influence of pulsed electric field (PEF) and high-power ultrasound (HPU) combined with hurdle technology to preserve the bioactive compounds (BACs) content and antioxidant ...activity in stored strawberry juices. PEF was performed at 30 kV cm−1, 100 Hz during 1.5, 3, and 4.5 min, while HPU was performed at 25% amplitude and 50% pulse during 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 min. Total phenols and hydroxycinnamic acids were the most stable BACs during the hurdle treatment without influence of the duration of both treatments, while flavonols and condensed tannins showed a significant stability dependence with respect to the duration of both treatments. Total phenols were also stable during storage, in contrast to the individual groups of BACs studied. A chemometric approach was used to optimize the parameters of the hurdle treatments with respect to the highest level of BACs and the antioxidant activity of the treated juices. In general, shorter treatment times in the hurdle approach resulted in better stability of BACs and antioxidant activity. The hurdle technology investigated in this study has the strong potential to be an excellent concept for optimizing the operating parameters of PEF and HPU technologies in the preservation of functional foods.
Triphenylphosphine–amino acid bioconjugates Ph2P‐pC6H4‐Aa‐OR Lig; Aa = glycine (1G), alanine (2A), valine (3V), isoleucine (4I), proline (5P), or phenylalanine (6F) were synthesized and used as ...monodentate ligands for the preparation of twelve metal complexes, MCl2(Lig)2 (M = PdII or PtII). All of the prepared compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods, and the structures of ligand 1G and complexes 1GPd, 4IPd, and 6FPd were determined by X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. The cis and trans configurations of the square‐planar metal complexes were investigated by solution NMR spectroscopy and computational methods.
Square‐planar PdII or PtII complexes of MCl2(Ph2P‐pC6H4‐CO‐Aa‐OR)2 (Aa = amino acid) form different ratios of cis and trans isomers depending on the central metal ion and the amino acid substituents.
This work investigated the influence of pulsed electric field (PEF) and high-power ultrasound (HPU) combined with hurdle technology to preserve the bioactive compounds (BACs) content and antioxidant ...activity in stored strawberry juices. PEF was performed at 30 kV cmsup.−1, 100 Hz during 1.5, 3, and 4.5 min, while HPU was performed at 25% amplitude and 50% pulse during 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 min. Total phenols and hydroxycinnamic acids were the most stable BACs during the hurdle treatment without influence of the duration of both treatments, while flavonols and condensed tannins showed a significant stability dependence with respect to the duration of both treatments. Total phenols were also stable during storage, in contrast to the individual groups of BACs studied. A chemometric approach was used to optimize the parameters of the hurdle treatments with respect to the highest level of BACs and the antioxidant activity of the treated juices. In general, shorter treatment times in the hurdle approach resulted in better stability of BACs and antioxidant activity. The hurdle technology investigated in this study has the strong potential to be an excellent concept for optimizing the operating parameters of PEF and HPU technologies in the preservation of functional foods.
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