Ferdo (Ferdinand) Lupša was born in a small village Drakovci, near the town of Ljutomer, in the North-western part of the nowadays Slovenia, in those times in Austro-Hungarian Empire. Upon concluding ...his studies, he became an engineer of geodesy. During his stay in Vienna, when he tried to persuade government to finance a polar expedition, he met Lange, a consul of Kingdom of Siam (now Thailand). The consul advised him to visit Siam. Six months later he visited Vienna again to sign the contract with “Siam Canals Land and Irrigation Company”. The contract obliged Lupša to stay for six months in Siam to study various places and environmental conditions.
Nowadays we are commonly used that important books, containing new data, new theories, new karst and cave descriptions, etc are published in English. This is why a publication in a less familiar ...language may be less important from the global point of view but may be much more important; of a key importance even, in the community of its language. Hence we are very glad to highlight the importance of two books, one in the (Brazilian) Portuguese which in fact is not at all less spoken language, and another one in the Croatian language; both authors are former students of the Karstology doctoral programme at the University of Nova Gorica (Slovenia).
With pain and sadness, we have received news about the death of Prof. Jean Nicod. Prof. Jean Nicod was Dr. Litt., retired Professor Emeritus of Physical Geography at the University Aix-Marseille, ...Institute of Geography, Aix-en-Provence, honorary doctor of the University of Silesia (1994), and Corresponding member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (2003). Prof. Nicod was an outstanding geographer, geomorphologist, researcher of karst phenomena and Mediterranean geomorphology, the founder of the French school of karst geomorphology, and of Association Française de Karstologie (French Association of Karstology), its first president (1977-1986), later its honorary president. Additionally, he was president of Commision de Phenomène Karstique du Comité National de Géographie (Commission of karst phenomena at the National Geographic Committee), and the founder and editor of the journals Karstologia and Méditerranée.
Sredi 19. stol. sta bila jamarstvo in speleologija na Kranjskem že dobro razvita. Od 1878 se je za naš kras pričel zanimati F. Kraus. 1879 je ustanovil “Verein für Höhlenkunde”, leto kasneje pa ...“Karst Comité”. Kmalu zatem je želel ustanoviti tudi podružnico tega društva v Postojni. V Planini je bilo že 50 bodočih članov. Poleti 1889 sta domačina z Velikega Otoka pri Postojni odkrila vhod v Otoško jamo, del postojnskega jamskega sistema. Nastal je spor za lastništvo Postojnske jame in kako naj bi delili dohodek. Takoj za tem je bilo ustanovljeno društvo Anthron - odziv na odkritje Otoške jame. Anthron je bilo ekskluzivno društvo z omejenim številom članom, ki so morali živeti v Postojni - večina jih je bila članov postojnske Jamske komisije. »lani Anthrona so odkrili pomembne del Postojnskega jamskega sistema, raziskovali jame v okolici in pomagali takratnim najvidnejšim speleologom Krausu, Martelu, Perku in Puticku. Ko je bilo v Ljubljani ustanovljeno Društvo za raziskavanje podzemskih jam in je Perko objavil namen ustanoviti speleološki inštitut v Postojni, je bilo društvo Anthron ukinjeno. Tako je mogoče dokumentirano podpreti trditev, da se je organizirana speleološka dejavnost v Sloveniji pričela 1889.In the middle of the 19th century caving and speleological activities were well developed in Kranjska (Carniola) already. F. Kraus took an interest in our karst by 1878. In 1879 he founded ˝Verein für Höhlenkunde˝ and a year later ˝Karst Comité˝. Soon afterwards he wanted to set up a branch of ˝Verein˝ at Postojna. In Planina he had 50 future members already. In summer of 1889 some villagers of Veliki Otok near Postojna discovered the entrance to so-called Otoška jama, making a part of Postojnska jama system. The dispute about the ownership and how to share the income of Postojnska jama aroused. And soon afterwards in Postojna the club Anthron was founded - a reaction to this discovery. Anthron was an exclusive club with limited number of members who must live in Postojna - and majority were members of Postojnska jama Cave (Managing) Commission. The Anthron members discovered an important part of Postojnska jama system, explored caves nearby and helped the best known speleologists of that time such as Kraus, Martel, Perko and Putick. When Speleological club was set up in Ljubljana and Perko announced the foundation of Speleological Institute at Postojna, the club Anthron was dismissed. Thus the documents prove that continuous organised speleological activity started in Slovenia in 1889.
Z današnjega slovenskega ozemlja je najstarejša literatura iz 16. stol. (opis Cerkniškega jezera, raziskave podzemeljskih vodnih zvez), toda alpske in ledene jame se v njej ne pojavijo pred 17. stol. ...Najpomembnejše in najbolj znano je Valvasorjevo delo “Die Ehre des Herzogthums Crain” (1689). Opisuje 3 jame iz Alp, a nobena ni prava jama. Izjema je izvir Savica, za katerega se je 250 let kasneje izkazalo, da je v resnici izvirna jama. Opisuje tudi nekaj ledenih jam in led v njih. Nekatere izmed teh je stoletje kasneje obiskal B. Hacquet, ki v delu “Oryctographia carniolica …” (1778 – 1789) jamski led razlaga pravilneje. Če upoštevamo Schmidlovo delo “Die Grotten und Höhlen von Adelsberg …” (1854), ki velja za prvo sodobno speleološko delo, lahko od srede 19. stol. dalje govorimo o pravi speleološki literaturi. V Gratzyjevem seznamu kranjskih jam s konca 19. stol. je omenjenih 7 alpskih jam in 30 ledenih jam. Zadnje so večinoma izven alpskega prostora, saj so tam ledene jame običajen pojav. Literatura, ki omenja alpske in ledene jame, je zelo različna, vmes so temeljna speleološka dela o ledenih jamah, kot sta Fuggerjevo »Eishöhlen und Windröhren” in Schwalbejevo “Über Eishöhlen”, pa tudi lokalna literatura, ki npr. poroča o pridobivanju ledu iz jam. The first printed literature mentioning caves in a nowadays Slovenia dates to the 16th century already (description of Cerkniško lake, research of underground water connections) but description of alpine and ice caves does not appear before the 17th century. The most important and the best known is Valvasorʼs work “Die Ehre des Herzogthums Crain” (1689). In the Alps he describes 3 caves, but none of them is a real cave. Exception is a spring of Savica which proved 250 years later to be really a spring cave. He described also some ice caves and ice formations in them. B. Hacquet visited some of the same caves a century later and in his work “Oryctographia carniolica …” (1778 – 1789) explained the formation of ice more realistically. In the middle of the 19th century appears a real speleological literature, as Schmidlʼs work “Die Grotten und Höhlen von Adelsberg …” (1854) is regarded as the fi rst “modern speleological work”. At the end of the 19th century the Gratzyʼs list of caves in Carniola (great part of the todayʼs Slovenia) includes 7 caves from the Alps and 30 ice caves. The last are practically all out of the high mountains, where the ice caves are a normal feature. The 19th century literature including alpine and ice caves is very diversifi ed, there are “classical” speleological works on ice caves as Fuggerʼs “Eishöhlen und Windröhren” or Schwalbeʼs “Über Eishöhlen”, and local literature or reports talking about extracting of ice for example.
Folk tales and tradition evidence that people in Udin Boršt were aware of caves from old. In the 19th century a special type of outlaws occurred in Gorenjska. One of the centres was in Udin Boršt ...where brigands hid in caves. Under the French occupation the villagers hid in the caves, while during the 2nd World War they were partisans. Water is another factor playing an important role at studying Udin Boršt. Most of the villages were water supplied from Udin Boršt, partly out of caves. As elsewhere in conglomerates in Udin Boršt also there are traces of rock cutting for millstones. The first printed news about the caves in Udin Boršt are found in Valvasor’s Die Ehre des Herzothums Crain. The book History of the Ljubljana Bishop’s Diocese cites seven caves. The modern caving research started in 1946. In 1954 the members of the Natural Science Circle of the 1st Grammar School, Kranj started to visit caves in Udin Boršt. About that time a co-worker of the Karst Research Institute from Postojna started to research these caves. The caves in Udin Boršt were revisited in the seventieth of the past century in connection with the project “Speleological Map of Slovenia”. The connection between the people and the land can be seen from the topographical names too. The last part of the paper deals with these names, including the explanation of the name Udin Boršt. Da so ljudje jame v Udin borštu že dolgo poznali, se odraža v ljudskem blagu in izročilu. V 19. stol. je nastalo rokovnjaštvo. Eno od središč je bilo v Udin borštu, kjer so se rokovnjači skrivali po jamah. Pred Francozi so se skrivali po jamah tudi vaščani, med II. svetovno vojno pa partizani. Drugi dejavnik, ki je igral veliko vlogo pri spoznavanju jam v Udin borštu, je voda. Večina vasi je dobivala vodo iz Udin boršta, deloma iz jam. Kot drugod v konglomeratu, so tudi v Udin borštu sledi lomljenja kamine za mlinske kamne. Prva tiskana vest o jamah v Udin borštu je v Valvasorjevem delu »Slava vojvodine Kranjske«. V Zgodovini fara Ljubljanske škofije je omenjenih sedem jam. Sodobno jamarsko raziskovanje se je pričelo leta 1946. 1954 so pričeli obiskovati jame v Udin borštu člani Prirodoslovnega krožka I. gimnazije iz Kranja. V istem času se je raziskovanja teh jam lotil sodelavec Inštituta za raziskovanje krasa SAZU iz Postojne. Jame v Udin borštu so bile ponovno obiskane sredi sedemdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja, v okviru velikega projekta »Speleološka karta Slovenije«. Povezanost človeka z zemljo se vidi tudi iz krajevnih in ledinskih imen. Zadnji del prispevka se ukvarja s temi imeni, vključno z razlago imena Udin boršt.
Ivan Gams was born near the town of Slovenj Gradec and studied geography, ethnography, and national history at the Ljubljana University. Soon after the promotion for doctor of science he was engaged ...at the Karst Research Institute at Postojna as a researcher. In 1966 he was elected professor at the Geographical Department of the Ljubljana Philosophical Faculty. He was the first to teach the Geography of karst and beside karst he lectured different subjects of physical geography to the end of his active life. In the karstological sphere Gams held numerous leading positions. It is worth to mention that he was the instigator of the foundation of the International Union of Speleology during the 4th international congress in Slovenia 1965. He was a member of the Board of this organisation, member of its commissions, president of the Slovene caving organization, and a member of other professional societies.
This work focuses on a demonstration of the monitoring of corrosion processes taking place in high strength steel in automotive applications. This is performed by means of a corrosion sensor, which ...operates as an electrical resistance sensor. It was developed from the same type of material that is used for the high-strength steel parts produced in the automotive industry. Using the sensor, real time corrosion processes can be measured. It is attached to a location inside the vehicle's engine and is equipped with a data logger, which enables wireless transfer of the measured data. In this study the development, operation, and evaluation of the monitoring process are presented. Corrosion estimation is verified by means of electrochemical methods. A metallographic investigation was included in order to verify the similarity between the microstructural properties of the sensor and those of the as-received high-strength steel sheet.
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