Načela radnog prava, a time i prava sigurnosti na radu i zaštite zdravlja radnika na radu, temelj su pravnim vrelima koja uređuju pitanja i odnose u tom području. Uz univerzalne pravne norme, posebnu ...ulogu imaju pravni propisi koji čine europsko pravo zaštite na radu (primarnog i sekundarnog karaktera) kao dio pravne stečevine EU-a (acquis communautaire ). Kao zakonodavac u EU tu su Europski parlament i Vijeće EU-a (dok pravo zakonodavne inicijative „pripada“ Europskoj komisiji) što je osobito istaknuto u sekundarnim vrelima prava (direktivama, uredbama, odlukama i sporazumima).
Obveze države članice EU-a su da „preuzme“ određene direktive u svoj pravni sustav i da „ostvari cilj zadan direktivama“. Pri tome su načela ispred pravne norme, u pravnoj normi i u primjeni (i zaštiti) pravne norme. Uvijek, u stvaranju, primjeni i zaštiti pravne norme (u hipotezi, dispoziciji i sankciji) „stoji“ načelo. To se u svemu odnosi i na zakonodavstvo EU-a i na nacionalno zakonodavstvo o zaštiti na radu. Temeljna načela „postavila„ je Direktiva 1989/391/EEC, koja su prenesena u brojne („pojedinačne“) direktive („kćeri“) i druge kojima se uređuje zaštita na radu (specifične mjere, sredstva, djelatnosti, aktivnosti i drugo).
U sadržaju ovog rada posebni dio odnosi se na usklađenost zakonodavstva Republike Hrvatske s direktivama EU-a u području zaštite na radu.
The guiding principles in labour law, including the laws on occupational safety, constitute the legal sources that govern all issues and relations concerning this field. In addition to the universally accepted legal norms, there are specific regulations embedded in the European labour law (primary and secondary in character) as part of the EU legal legacy (acquis communautaire). The EU law makers are the European Parliament and the Council of Europe, with the right of legal initiative belonging to the European Commission, which is especially emphasized in the secondary legal sources (directives, decrees, decisions and agreements). It is the obligation of the EU member states to incorporate certain directives in their legal systems and to “realize the goals indicated in the directives.” In this, the guiding principles precede the legal norms, both in the implementation and in the protection of the legal norms. It is the principle that governs the formulation and the protection of the legal norms (in hypothesis, disposition and sanction). This applies in all matters to both the EU and the national occupational safety legislations. The key guiding principles are stated in the 1989/391/EEC Directive which was then implemented in numerous individual directives governing occupational safety (specific measures, means, activities, etc.). A special section in the paper is devoted to the harmonization of Croatian legislation with the EU directives, regarding occupational safety.
U ovome radu prikazane su konvencije Međunarodne organizacije rada s posebnim osvrtom na konvencije u području zaštite zdravlja i sigurnosti na radu, kao univerzalna, pisana vrela suvremenih ...(kolektivnih i individualnih) radnih odnosa. Naime, prirodno pravo (ljudsko pravo, pravo čovjeka) čovjeka je da uživa pravedne i povoljne uvjete rada koji, napose, osiguravaju: pravo na plaću i naknade (jednake za jednake uvjete rada, odnosno jednake vrijednosti bez ikakvog razlikovanja), ravnopravnost muškarca i žene, pristojan život radnika i njihovih obitelji, sigurne i zdrave uvjete rada, jednaku mogućnost napredovanja, ograničeno radno vrijeme, odmor i dopuste, plaćene blagdane i drugo. Bez obzira na različite podjele konvencija, u radu su prikazane konvencije Međunarodne organizacije rada koje je Republika Hrvatska ratificirala (i to onim, kronološkim, redom kako su donesene) jer upravo „redoslijed“ donošenja konvencija kazuje o razvoju radnog prava, odnosno brige za radne i životne uvjete radnika. U sadržaju ovog rada posebni dio odnosi se na konvencije u području sigurnost i zaštite zdravlja na radu.
The paper presents the conventions set by the International Labor Organization with special emphasis on those conventions covering the issues of health and safety at work as universal, written sources governing modern-day (collective and individual) work relations. It is a natural right (human right, right of man) to enjoy just and favorable working conditions that ensure: the rights to pay and compensation, equal for equal working conditions, i.e. of equal value without any discrimination, equality of men and women, decent life of the workers and their families, safe and healthy working conditions, equal opportunities for promotion, limited working hours, the right to rest and holidays, paid holidays and other rights. Despite the variations in the classification of the conventions, the paper presents the conventions of the International Labor Organization that the Republic of Croatia has ratified, (in the chronological order in which they were adopted, for it is the sequence in the passing of the conventions that testifies to the development of the labor law and the care for the working and living conditions of workers. A separate section of this paper addresses the convention in the field of safety and health at work.
Polazište i okvir ovog rada je određenje zajedničkog cilj državne uprave, odnosno javne uprave (koja u širem smislu obuhvaća državnu upravu, lokalnu i područnu (regionalnu) samoupravu i javne ...službe), koje u najširem smislu imaju za cilj „zadovoljavanje općih interesa i javnih potreba“, pa tako i javnog interesa u području zaštite na radu . U ovome radu piše se o poslovima državne uprave, ustrojstvu državne uprave (pa i u 2023. godini), a posebno o Ministarstvu rada, mirovinskoga sustava, obitelji i socijalne politike (Uprava za rad i zaštitu na radu, istaknuto) i Državnom inspektoratu (područjima inspekcijskih poslova i „sektoru inspekcije rada“), kao i o uredbama o unutrašnjem ustroju tijela državne uprave. Izdvaja se dio sadržaja u radu koji se odnosi na kronološki (razvojni) prikaz tijela državne uprave (njihovo ustrojstvo i djelokrug kroz ministarstva, središnjih državnih ureda i državnih upravnih organizacija u području zaštite na radu od 1990. do 2023. godine). Ustav Republike Hrvatske i zakoni na snazi (kao i oni koji su važili od 1990. godine utvrđuju poslove državne uprave kao uvjetovanih cjelina: provedba državnih politika; neposredna provedba zakona i drugih propisa te izravno primjenjivih propisa Europske unije; inspekcijski nadzori; upravni nadzori; drugi upravni i stručni poslovi državne uprave. Za uspješno funkcioniranje tog sustava bitni su, pored drugih, ustrojstvo državne uprave. To se u ovom radu ističe prikazom ustrojstva nadležnosti tijela državne uprave Republike Hrvatske u području zaštite na radu.
The point and scope of this paper is to determine the common goal of the state administration, local and regional administrations and public services that work to ‘meet public interest and needs’, including occupational safety. Described in the paper are the state administration jobs, its organiza-tion (including in 2023), focusing in particular on the Ministry of Labour, Pension System, Family and Social Policy (Directorate for Labour and Safety at Work), and State Inspectorate, with special focus on the Labour Inspectorate, including the internal organization of the state administration bodies. A separate section addresses the chronology and development of the state administration bodies (their organization and scope through the ministries, central state offices and state administration organizations related to occupational safety from 1990 to 2023. The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia and the acts in force (as well as those valid from 1990 state the competencies of the state administration including the implementation of state policies, implementation of the law and other regulations and the directly implementable EU regulations, inspection, administrative supervision, and other administrative tasks of the state administration. If the system is to function successfully, the organization of the state administration, among other factors, is essential. The paper focuses on the organization of occupational safety under the authority of the various state administration bodies of the Republic of Croatia.
Covid-19 Krišto, Ivana; Kovač, Cvetan; Šijaković, Ana
SEER. South-East Europe review for labour and social affairs/SEER,
01/2021, Letnik:
24, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
The global pandemic of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the consequent illness of healthcare workers from Covid-19 are largely responsible for the increase in the reported number of occupational diseases in ...the healthcare and social care sector in 2020 in the Republic of Croatia. It is important to note that Covid-19 was the most common occupational disease in the field in 2020. The health sector is first in line as a result of workers’ role in the diagnosis and treatment of those suffering from the disease and it could therefore be expected that the largest number of sick workers would be in this sector. After recovery (approximately 15 days), and assuming there are no complications, sick workers return to work but as we do not yet know the extent of the effects of this disease, it is not possible to predict whether there will be subsequent absences due to complications from Covid-19. This article reports the trends in the notification of occupational diseases under Croatia’s involved reporting system and categorises workers experiencing occupational diseases by type of disease, sector of activity and geographical location.
Načela radnog prava, a time i prava sigurnosti na radu i zaštite zdravija radnika na radu, temelj su pravnim vrelima koja ureduju pitanja i odnose u tom području. Uz univerzalne pravne norme, posebnu ...ulogu imaju pravni propisi koji čine europsko pravo zaštite na radu (primarnog i sekundarnog karaktera) kao dio pravne stečevine EU-a (acquis communautaire3). Kao zakonodavac u EU tu su Europski parlament i Vijeće EU-a (dok pravo zakonodavne inicijative „pripada" Europskoj komisiji) što je osobito istaknuto u sekundarnim vrelima prava (direktivama, uredbama, odlukama i sporazumima). Obveze države članice EU-a su da „preuzme" odredene direktive u svoj pravni sustav i da „ostvari cilj zadan direktivama". Pri tome su načela ispred pravne norme, u pravnoj normi i u primjeni (i zaštiti) pravne norme. Uvijek, u stvaranju, primjeni i zaštiti pravne norme (u hipotezi, dispoziciji i sankciji) „stoji" načelo. To se u svemu odnosi i na zakonodavstvo EU-a i na nacionalno zakonodavstvo o zaštiti na radu. Temeljna načela „postavila,, je Direktiva İ989/39İ/EEC, koja su prenesena u brojne („pojedinačne") direktive („kćeri") i druge kojima se ureduje zaštita na radu (specifične mjere, sredstva, djelatnosti, aktivnosti i drugo). U sadržaju ovog rada posebni dio odnosi se na uskladenost zakonodavstva Republike Hrvatske s direktivama EU-a u području zaštite na radu.
Diagnosis of occupational diseases is an interdisciplinary process that requires special knowledge of medicine and other areas related to health and safety at work. So too is their diagnosis and ...treatment the responsibility of occupational health specialists. The recognition of occupational diseases in Croatia is regulated by the Law on the List of Occupational Diseases, while diagnosis is carried out according to modern occupational health criteria, which includes determining the clinical picture of the disease and the damage caused by the work process. The current health crisis caused by the pandemic of the new infectious disease COVID-19 points us to several challenges in the field of health and safety at work in the Republic of Croatia, including the administrative problem of reporting and recognising occupational diseases caused by COVID-19. At the beginning of April 2020, an amendment to the Regulation on Infectious Diseases completely removed all administrative barriers to the recognition of occupational diseases caused by COVID-19 infection.
This article provides an overview of the results of a survey on the quality of social dialogue in the implementation of occupational health and safety law in the Republic of Croatia. The survey was ...carried out within the EU project Occupational Health and Safety – an Opportunity and a Challenge in Social Dialogue together with the Independent Trade Union of Food and Beverage Manufacturers from Kutjevo as project leader. The effective realisation of occupational health and safety objectives requires properly-conducted social dialogue on all issues related to the health and safety of workers as well as an understanding of the role and obligations of employees’ elected safety reps, authorised OHS officers, OHS specialists and shop stewards. The results of the survey point to the conclusion that additional activities directed at education and awareness must be implemented in order to contribute to strengthening and improving the social dialogue. Consequently, a set of programme guidelines have been proposed in this direction, applying to trade union federations and confederations at all levels.
Određena tijela u Europskoj uniji nastoje odrediti povezanost bolesti COVID-19 s radnim mjestom i/ili određenom gospodarskom djelatnošću. Veoma složeno (interdisciplinarno) pitanje i odnos je ...priznavanje (s aspekta zaštite zdravlja i sigurnosti na radu) COVID -19 profesionalnog podrijetla, kao: same profesionalne bolesti, samo ozljede na radu, ozljede na radu ili profesionalne bolesti (prema nacionalnim kriterijima pojedinih država) te bez točne (preciznije) odrednice radi li se o profesionalnoj bolesti ili ozljedi na radu, bez obzira što je „profesionalnog podrijetla“. Stavovi i rješenja u pojedinim državama članicama EU-a različita su.
Pored zdravstvenih, i drugi radnici (u različitim djelatnostima) izloženi su riziku od zaraze SARS CoV-2 virusom i obolijevanju od COVID-19 bolesti (više ili manje rizične kategorije). U pitanju je profesionalni rad i visokorizične profesije prema epidemiološkim, kliničkim, anamnestičkim i posrednim dokazima. Bitna je profesionalna izloženost navedenom riziku. Dokazi moraju biti nedvojbeni i specifičniji od onih koji „dokumentiraju“ ozljedu na radu ili drugu bolest u vezi s radom (klinička manifestacija bolesti, laboratorijski, higijenski i drugi pregledi, ozbiljne komplikacije, specifični simptomi, trajanje simptoma, intenzitet i drugi dijagnostički postupci). Postupak je složen (po subjektima, radnicima i rokovima), a propisan je heterogenim normama države.
Snagom svojeg organiziranja i postupanja, a u skladu s evidentnom situacijom u pandemiji bolesti COVID-19 odnosno SARS CoV-2 virusom, EU treba utvrditi jedinstvene („zajedničke“) kriterije za priznavanje COVID-19 bolesti profesionalnom bolešću. To je ujedno i sadržaj ovog rada.
Designated bodies in the European Union are working to establish the connection between COVID-19 disease and the workplace and/or specific branch of economy. It is a complex interdisciplinary matter (from the aspect of health protection and safety at work) involving recognition of COVID-19 as originating at work, in addition to the issues as to whether it is an occupational disease or injury at work, according to the national criteria implemented in individual countries. Furthermore, it needs to be established whether the disease is an occupational disease or an injury at work, irrespective of its origin at work. How different EU countries regard these issues varies from country to country. Both health care workers and workers in other branches of economy are exposed to the risk of contracting SARS CoV-2 virus and developing COVID-19 disease, depending on the category of risk. Of interest here is the professional work and high-risk professions, given the epidemiologic, clinical, medical history and indirect evidence. What is of essence is the exposure to the risk at work. Evidence must be non-ambivalent and far more specific than that proving injury at work or disease related to work (clinical manifestation, lab results, hygiene and other tests, serious complications, specific symptoms, duration of symptoms, their intensity, and other diagnostic procedures). The procedures are complex, for they involve businesses, workers and deadlines, all prescribed by the heterogeneous norms of each state. To enforce definitive standard guidelines, given the current COVID-19 pandemic situation, the EU needs to bring forth a set of uniform common criteria for recognizing COVID-19 as an occupational disease. These criteria are the focus of this paper.
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