Historically Danish preschool has emphasised play and downplayed curricular planning. Over the last 20 years, there has been heightened emphasis on learning and goal orientation. This article ...explores the consequential framing of play as result of that shift. This is done first by discussing the changes in policy and discourse in Denmark in particular the introduction of a preschool curriculum in 2004 and the accompanying heightened emphasis on 'learning'. Second, by comparing ethnographic studies from 2000 with a recently completed research project 'Appropriate readiness'. This project focused on children aged 5 years old in preschool and how their parents and pedagogues viewed readiness and how they acted to make children ready for school. This ethnographic study identifies increased emphasis on preparation, but a continued focus on 'the social' child. The historical change in the position of play in preschool is analysed with Bernstein's concepts of pedagogic framing, classification alongside visible and invisible pedagogy. In the closing section, we discuss the latest 2018 Danish preschool curriculum revision and consider to what extent this points to a return to a play-based practice.
The social world of children’s homework Dannesboe, Karen; Kryger, Niels; Paludan, Charlotte ...
International Journal about Parents in Education,
11/2023, Letnik:
4, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In a contemporary Danish context, most children and young people, as well as their teachers and parents, consider homework an integrated part of schooling. This article presents findings from a ...Danish research project: Home-school co-operation as a cultural given (a multi-sited ethnographic study financed by the Danish Research Councils and the Danish School of Education). This part of the study focuses on practices and narratives concerning experiences of, and attitudes to, homework among a number of children and their families in five different schools in four different areas of Copenhagen, encompassing three age-groups (5-6, 12-14, 15-16 years). The aim is to understand what homework means to the actors involved and how the children and their families cope with homework in their everyday lives.Homework appears as a theme in a multitude of manners: in children’s daily experiences with homework; as an issue between children and their families; and as a disciplining strategy imposed on families by the teachers. Even though the pupils did not enjoy homework as a concrete activity, they expressed a need for homework (or the imagination of homework) as a symbol of constructing themselves as schoolchildren/young people. Homework was seen as a burden, yet something unavoidable. In a future-life perspective, homework can be seen as socialisation to a labour-market depending on obligations and submissions, and as an extension of labour time into leisure and family life.
Background. Postmenopausal endometriosis is rare. The purpose of this presentation is to give a review of the topic based on existing literature. Methods. A Medline search concerning postmenopausal ...endometriosis was carried out. Hormone therapy and risk of malignancy in these patients are discussed. Results. Some 32 case reports on postmenopausal endometriosis were found. The most common location is in the ovaries. Estrogens stimulate endometriosis. There is a risk of recurrence or de novo occurrence of endometriosis after the menopause in patients who take hormone therapy (HT); especially estrogen only therapy (ET). So far, treatment has primarily been surgery (hysterectomy (TAH) and bilateral oophorectomy (BSO)). There is little experience with medical treatment (aromatase inhibitors). The risk of malignant transformation of premenopausal endometriosis is around 1%. Furthermore, patients with endometriosis have an increased risk of ovarian cancer, and, apparently, other malignancies. The risk of malignant transformation appears to be further elevated in patients who take ET, although this subject is not fully elucidated. Conclusions. Although the condition is rare, it is important to be aware of endometriosis after the menopause. Postmenopausal endometriosis infers a risk of recurrence and malignant transformation. Although solid evidence is lacking, the risk of malignant transformation appears to be lower during combined HT compared to ET. Thus, hormone replacement therapy should generally be reserved for patients with severe climacteric complaints, and if indicated, combined therapy should be used.
Ethnographic studies offer insight into parents’ involvement in and management of children’s and young people’s school lives in a Danish context. In light of the growing demand for parental ...involvement in school, the article explores the emotional work that families’ interactions with the school imply and their attempts to avoid unwanted categorisation or stigmatisation. At the core of the article are three cases drawn from a larger study of home-school relations in Denmark. The three cases present examples of the emotional work involved when children and young people are categorised by the school as ‘students with inappropriate behaviour’. Drawing on Erwin Goffman’s concepts of frontstage, backstage and impression management, the analysis emphasises how these families’ management of their children’s school lives is dominated by time and effort spent dealing with feelings of anxiety and inadequacy. Furthermore, the study shows how parents and children struggle to gain recognition and avoid the school’s categorisation of them.
Skole-hjem-samarbejde opfattes ofte som noget, der udspiller sig mellem skolens og hjemmest voksne ikke mindst ved de årlige skole-hjem-samtaler. Bogen Hvem sagde samarbejde? udfordrer denne ...forståelse ved at udforske relationerne mellem skole og hjem som en del af hverdagslivet og ud fra et barndoms- og familieperspektiv.
Undersøgelsen bygger på etnografiske feltarbejder og interviewstudier i klasserum og lærerværelser, i spisekøkkener og børneværelser og på skolevejen. I tre delstudier med fokus på hhv. ind- og udskoling og folkeskolens mellemtrin analyseres tendenser, variationer og paradokser i de processer, hvor skole og hjem mødes - og muligvis samarbejder.
Hvem sagde samarbejde? giver indblik i, hvor forskelligt familier oplever og håndterer skolens krav og forventninger. Med sit fokus på hverdagslivets udfordringer synliggør bogen de udfordringer skole-hjem-samarbejdet rummer for både børn, unge og forældre.
Champ de bataille ou terrain de rencontre ? Kryger, Niels; Ravn, Birte
Revue internationale d'éducation de Sèvres/Revue internationale d'éducation Sèvres,
2007
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Au Danemark, une tradition ancienne considère que la citoyenneté et son apprentissage font partie intégrante de la Folkeskole danoise (école primaire et collège) non comme matière spéciale du ...programme mais comme aspect de la vie et de l’apprentissage à l’école et hors de l’école. Toutefois, au cours des dernières années et suivant en cela une tendance internationale, l’idée d’une « éducation à la citoyenneté » est devenue très présente dans les débats et la politique éducative au Danemark. Mais même si l’éducation à la citoyenneté semble devenir un élément incontournable, ce que les notions de citoyenneté et d’éducation à la citoyenneté recouvrent demeure matière à discussion. Cet article vise à analyser et à examiner le contexte et la situation actuels au Danemark, en identifiant les tendances et les terrains d’affrontements potentiels dans lesquels des intervenants d’horizons divers tentent de peser sur le concept et sur la mise en pratique de l’éducation à la citoyenneté. Il évoque également l’impact de la « guerre culturelle » déclarée par le gouvernement actuel afin de renforcer la culture et les valeurs nationales.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is considered to be important in mammalian neonatal growth and development. In order to clarify its developmental role, we have investigated, by immunohistochemistry, ...the localization of EGF and the time of its first appearance in various organs from a series of 25 midtrimester human fetuses with a gestational age ranging from 13 to 22 weeks. The first detectable EGF immunoreactivity occurred in week 15-16 fetuses in the placenta, the skin, the distal tubules of the kidney, the surface epithelium of the stomach, and the tips of the small intestinal villi, as well as in a few Paneth cells. Glandular structures, such as the glands of the cardia and the pyloric part of the stomach, Brunner's glands of the duodenum, the pancreas, and the submucous glands of the trachea, showed positive EGF immunoreactivity later (week 17). Thus, apart from the kidney, staining of the surface epithelia seems to precede staining of the EGF-producing glandular structures and EGF is not present in the glands before these have already differentiated.
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