Six new
species are described from Europe. Phylogenetic analyses, based on three loci, i.e. mtSSU rDNA,
and ITS rDNA and ancestral state reconstructions, were used to evaluate infra-group divisions ...and the role of secondary metabolites and selected morphological characters on the taxonomy in the
group. Two main lineages were found within the group. The
clade consists of twelve species, including the long-known
and the newly described
,
and
. Within this clade, most species produce methoxymicareic acid, with the exceptions of
and
producing gyrophoric acid. The
clade includes the newly described
closely related to
s.str.,
sp. nov. and
sp. nov. The species within this clade are characterised by the production of micareic acid, with the exception of
which lacks any detectable substances and
that produces prasinic acid. Based on our reconstructions, it was concluded that the ancestor of the
group probably had a thallus consisting of goniocysts, which were lost several times during evolution, while isidia and soredia evolved independently at multiple times. Our research supported the view that the ancestor of
group did not produce any secondary substances, but they were gained independently in different lineages, such as methoxymicareic acid which is restricted to
and allied species or micareic acid present in the
clade.
Seven lichen species new to Poland Kukwa, Martin; Łubek, Anna; Szymczyk, Rafał ...
Mycotaxon,
09/2012, Letnik:
120, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Biatora pontica, Buellia violaceofusca, Catillaria croatica, Parmelia ernstiae, Placopsis lambii, Protoparmelia oleagina and Scoliciosporum curvatum are recorded as new to Poland. Most reported ...species represent a group of crustose, often
sterile lichens where secondary chemistry plays an important role in the taxonomy. Characteristics of each species, notes on similar taxa, distribution, and habitat are provided.
Cladonia rei (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), a species recently synonymised with C. subulata, deserves to be treated as a separate taxon. Since C. rei was very much neglected in Poland and ...most previous records referred to C. glauca and C. subulata, its distribution and habitat requirements in the country are reviewed. It is commoner in the eastern part of Poland, becoming rarer towards the west. Information on its chemical variation and general distribution are also provided.
Two lichenicolous fungi, Ceratobasidium bulbillifaciens and Sclerococcum phaeophysciae, and one lichen, Xanthoria aureola, are reported for the first time from Poland. For each species, the ...descriptions with notes on similar species, habitat preferences and general distribution are provided.
Acarospora dissecta (Bolivia) and Sarcogyne brunnea (Bolivia, Ecuador) are described as new to science. Acarospora trachyticola, a common effigurate species in Peru, is revised and reported as new ...for Argentina, Bolivia and Venezuela. Acarospora brasiliensis is considered as a later synonym of A. lorentzii, which is reported new for Peru. Sarcogyne terrena is revised. Silobia smaragdula is verified as occurring in Chile. Polysporina urceolata is reported new to South America from Bolivia.
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•Niche partitioning and habitat filtering shaped functional diversity of lichens.•Deciduous forests hosted higher functional diversity of lichens than coniferous.•Oak, ash, and dead ...wood promoted high functional diversity of lichens.•Preserving diverse forests providing many niches is important for biodiversity.•Results on lichen functional diversity can be translated to other lowland forests.
Functional diversity is considered an important tool for the identification of ecological mechanisms shaping the coexistence patterns of species communities along different environmental gradients. However, there is a huge gap in knowledge regarding the importance of ecological mechanisms in shaping the composition of lichen communities. We analyzed the functional diversity patterns of the lichen species in a European lowland primeval forest ecosystem, taking into consideration levels of forest communities, phorophyte species and substrates. The greatest functional diversity of lichens at the community level (functional richness and functional dispersion) was found in mixed deciduous forests, where Fraxinus excelsior and Carpinus betulus revealed the highest values of functional dispersion. The most functionally diverse lichen communities were found on the bark of trees, the branches of trees, and the bark on trunks or branches of fallen trees. The lowest functional diversity was found in coniferous forests, evidenced by the low functional dispersion of lichen assemblages, indicating lower heterogeneity of possible niches and harsher environmental conditions comparing with deciduous forests. In coniferous forests, lichens produced small ascomata and ascospores, while in deciduous forests, ascomata and spores of lichens were larger. We concluded that two contrasting mechanisms shaped the functional diversity of lichens in the primeval forest ecosystem: (i) niche-partitioning in deciduous forests, and (ii) environmental filtering in coniferous forests. Our study has substantially broadened and enhanced the existing knowledge concerning the assembly rules of lichen communities and can be considered as a model for the distribution of lichen functional traits in the natural lowland forests of Europe. This approach may also be used to model future changes taking place in this type of ecosystem. Our results are particularly important for forest managers responsible for protection, as they highlight the fundamental importance of certain tree species and specific forest substrates for maintaining high lichen functional diversity. Focus on the protection of all features of diverse forest structures and of diverse forests providing high variety of niches is essential for the successful conservation of forest lichen biota.
Remototrachyna sipmaniana is described as new to science, and three new combinations, R. aguirrei, R. consimilis, and R. singularis, are proposed. Ten Hypotrachyna and two Remototrachyna species are ...reported as new to Bolivia, including the
southernmost localities of H. halei and H. partita, the first record of H. primitiva from the southern hemisphere, and the second locality for H. neoscytodes.
Epiphytic lichens are sensitive bioindicators responding to climate change and atmospheric pollutants. Climate warming changes in lichen biota have been reported from Western and Central Europe; ...therefore, similar trends in the biota of the close-to-natural forests of Eastern Europe were expected. In both examinations (1987–1989 and 2015–2016) of 144 permanent plots the same field method was used. The following functional epiphyte groups were distinguished: climate warming indicators (VDI species and species containing Trentepohlia algae) and Wirth's ecological indicators (T – temperature, N – eutrophication, R – reaction, M – moisture). PCA ordination for exploring species composition changes, species richness and diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) in different forest types was used. When compared with the earlier survey, a higher plot species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and proportion of more nitrogen-demanding lichens, and lower proportions of warm-demanding and high-acidity tolerant lichens were found. No change in the epiphyte biota composition influenced by the decreasing atmospheric precipitation was detected. The species richness and Shannon-Wiener index of climate warming indicators did not show a significant change. Although the share and frequency of epiphytic lichen species and their functional groups changed over a 25-year period, no relationship was found to be related to climate warming: indicators of global warming showed no significant change in frequency, while those with higher value of T even decreased frequency. The changes suggest a connection with eutrophication (increase in frequency of species with higher value of N) and a decrease in sulphur deposition (increase in frequency of species with higher value of R).
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•We studied the effect of climate change and pollutants on epiphytic lichens.•We resampled lichen biota on permanent plots 25 years after original survey.•We found higher share of nitrogen-demanding lichens, but lower of warm-demanding and high-acidity tolerant lichens.•The environment of Białowieża Forest reduces impact of global warming on lichens.•Anthropogenic factors are driving change in lichen biota of natural forest ecosystems.
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