Typical working summary and schematic representation of the fabricated natural DSSC which is being synergistically co-sensitized by using chlorophyll and anthocyanin-based environment friendly dyes.
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•The synergistic co-sensitization of SOL and ICF natural dyes was studied to assess the stability and performance of DSSC devices.•The functionality of cost-effective counter electrodes (Carbon and Nickel) was analyzed.•In future, such synergistically co-sensitized and advanced futuristic natural DSSCs may be very useful in IoT devices, BIPVs, wearables, and thermochromic applications.
This study reports on the preparation of TiO2 nanorods (TNRs) and their application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to enable the production of efficient sources of energy for use in ambient indoor circumstances. The aim of the study is to enhance the efficiency and stability of DSSCs while also making them more affordable and eco-friendly. To achieve this, a novel approach was taken through the synergistic co-sensitization of environment-friendly natural dyes based on Spinacia Oleracea Leaves (SOL: chlorophyll) and Ixora Coccinea Flowers (ICF: anthocyanin). The combination of these dyes improved light absorption and charge separation, leading to enhanced power conversion efficiency. Various physicochemical characterizations of TNRs and dyes were performed and the co-sensitized dyes exhibited greatly enhanced visible-light photo-electrochemical performance which were later evaluated by J-V and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies. Additionally, the role of various economical and environment-friendly counter electrodes was investigated. Using this co-sensitization technique, FTO/c-TiO2/TNRs/dyes/electrolyte/(C, Ninp, Nip) structured DSSCs were designed for the production of power under ambient light conditions. The optimal PCE of 2.39% is achieved under the artificial irradiation of ∼ 996 Wm−2 which is 2.3 and 4.2- times greater efficiency compared to single natural SOL and ICF-dyes-based DSSCs, respectively. Moreover, the synergistically co-sensitized DSSCs showed improved stability under prolonged light soaking (∼450 h) and storage conditions (at 27 °C). This study highlights the potential of PV technologies in enabling buildings and movable gadgets to become more independent and smarter while also providing an efficient source of energy for use in ambient indoor circumstances.
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•Successfully TiO2 NRs have been grown on the FTO substrate via cheap and effective hydrothermal method.•Mixed CVL and DRF (1:1 v:v) dye pigments based DSSC consist of Ni CE have ...shown the maximum efficiency of 0.24 %•Separate CVL and DRF photosensitizer based DSSC have shown 0.12 and 0.17% PCE respectively.
Codiaeum Variegatum Leaf (CVL) and Delonix Regia Flower (DRF) extracts were utilized as a photosensitizer, coated on the TiO2 nanorods (NRs) photo anodes in the dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) fabrication and performance analysis. Current density-Voltage (J-V) analysis were performed to evaluate the photosensitization with CVL, DRF and mixed dyes, interestingly mixed dyes have shown improved performance owing to plausible mechanism of synergistic effect. The optimum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the DSSCs having CVL and DRF dyes are 0.12 and 0.17%. Whereas enhanced PCE of 0.24% is achieved with mixed (1:1, v:v) CVL and DRF dyes based DSSC.
System simulation is necessary to investigate the feasibility of Solar PV system at a given location. This study is done to evaluate the feasibility of grid connected rooftop solar photovoltaic ...system for a residential Hostel building at MANIT, Bhopal, India (Latitude: 23ê 16' N, Longitude: 77ê 36' E). The study focuses on the use of Solargis PV Planner software as a tool to analyze the performance a 110 kWp solar photovoltaic rooftop plant and also compares the performances of different PV technologies based on simulated energy yield and performance ratio. Solargis proves to easy, fast, accurate and reliable software tool for the simulation of solar PV system.
Multiplication is one of the most extensively used arithmetic operations in a wide range of applications. In order to provide resource-efficient and high-performance multipliers, previous works have ...proposed different designs of accurate and approximate multipliers-mainly for ASIC-based systems. However, the architectural differences between ASICs- and FPGA-based systems limit the effectiveness of these multipliers for FPGA-based systems. Moreover, most of these multiplier designs are valid only for unsigned numbers. To bridge this gap, we propose a novel implementation technique for designing resource-efficient and low-power accurate and approximate signed multipliers which are optimized for FPGA-based systems. Compared to Vivado's area-optimized multiplier IPs, the designs obtained using our proposed technique occupy 47 to 63 percent less area ( Lookup Tables ). To accelerate further research in this direction and reproduce the presented results, the RTL and behavioral models of our proposed methodology are available as an open-source library.<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn"> 1 1.
Online. Available: https://cfaed.tu-dresden.de/pd-downloads .
Solar energy is vast, abundant, cost free, green renewable source of energy. Due to the aforementioned qualities, the world is today researching and exploring the most feasibly optimized way of ...harnessing this energy and solar tracking system is a result of this quest. This paper begins with a brief introduction to the solar PV cells and the materials used in their construction. It also discusses the types of solar PV systems and types of solar tracking systems. It mainly focuses on the design and performance analysis of the various dual-axis tracking solar systems proposed in recent years. Although the choice on the use of trackers mainly depends upon the physical features of the land but in general this system has proved to be more efficient and advantageous than its single-axis and fixed counterparts.
A compact textile ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with an electrical dimension of 0.24λo × 0.24λo × 0.009λo with microstrip line feed at lower edge and a frequency of operation of 2.96 GHz is proposed ...for UWB application. The analytical investigation using circuit theory concepts and the cavity model of the antenna is presented to validate the design. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a wearable antenna with wide impedance bandwidth of 118.68 % (2.96–11.6 GHz) applicable for UWB range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The results present a maximum gain of 5.47 dBi at 7.3 GHz frequency. Moreover, this antenna exhibits Omni and quasi-Omni radiation patterns at various frequencies (4 GHz, 7 GHz and 10 GHz) for short-distance communication. The cutting notch and slot on the patch, and its effect on the antenna impedance to increase performance through current distribution is also presented. The time-domain characteristic of the proposed antenna is also discussed for the analysis of the pulse distortion phenomena. A constant group delay less than 1 ns is obtained over the entire operating impedance bandwidth (2.96–11.6 GHz) of the textile antenna in both situations, i.e., side by side and front to front. Linear phase consideration is also presented for both situations, as well as configurations of reception and transmission. An assessment of the effects of bending and humidity has been demonstrated by placing the antenna on the human body. The specific absorption rate (SAR) value was tested to show the radiation effect on the human body, and it was found that its impact on the human body SAR value is 1.68 W/kg, which indicates the safer limit to avoid radiation effects. Therefore, the proposed method is promising for telemedicine and mobile health systems.
The widespread acceptance and increase of the Internet and mobile technologies have revolutionized our existence. On the other hand, the world is witnessing and suffering due to technologically aided ...crime methods. These threats, including but not limited to hacking and intrusions and are the main concern for security experts. Nevertheless, the challenges facing effective intrusion detection methods continue closely associated with the researcher’s interests. This paper’s main contribution is to present a host-based intrusion detection system using a C4.5-based detector on top of the popular Consolidated Tree Construction (CTC) algorithm, which works efficiently in the presence of class-imbalanced data. An improved version of the random sampling mechanism called Supervised Relative Random Sampling (SRRS) has been proposed to generate a balanced sample from a high-class imbalanced dataset at the detector’s pre-processing stage. Moreover, an improved multi-class feature selection mechanism has been designed and developed as a filter component to generate the IDS datasets’ ideal outstanding features for efficient intrusion detection. The proposed IDS has been validated with state-of-the-art intrusion detection systems. The results show an accuracy of 99.96% and 99.95%, considering the NSL-KDD dataset and the CICIDS2017 dataset using 34 features.
Recent observation of Sagittarius A
∗
(Sgr A
∗
) by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration has uncovered various unanswered questions in black hole (BH) physics. Besides, it may also probe ...various beyond the Standard Model (BSM) scenarios. One of the most profound possibilities is the search for ultralight bosons (ULBs) using BH superradiance (SR). EHT observations imply that Sgr A
∗
has a non-zero spin. Using this observation, we derive bounds on the mass of ULBs with purely gravitational interactions. Considering self-interacting ultralight axions, we constrain new regions in the parameter space of decay constant, for a certain spin of Sgr A
∗
. Future observations of various spinning BHs can improve the present constraints on ULBs.
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