The goal is to enhance an automated sleep staging system's performance by leveraging the diverse signals captured through multi-modal polysomnography recordings. Three modalities of PSG signals, ...namely electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), and electromyogram (EMG), were considered to obtain the optimal fusions of the PSG signals, where 63 features were extracted. These include frequency-based, time-based, statistical-based, entropy-based, and non-linear-based features. We adopted the ReliefF (ReF) feature selection algorithms to find the suitable parts for each signal and superposition of PSG signals. Twelve top features were selected while correlated with the extracted feature sets' sleep stages. The selected features were fed into the AdaBoost with Random Forest (ADB + RF) classifier to validate the chosen segments and classify the sleep stages. This study's experiments were investigated by obtaining two testing schemes: epoch-wise testing and subject-wise testing. The suggested research was conducted using three publicly available datasets: ISRUC-Sleep subgroup1 (ISRUC-SG1), sleep-EDF(S-EDF), Physio bank CAP sleep database (PB-CAPSDB), and S-EDF-78 respectively. This work demonstrated that the proposed fusion strategy overestimates the common individual usage of PSG signals.
We describe a method that exploits contiguity preserving transposase sequencing (CPT-seq) to facilitate the scaffolding of de novo genome assemblies. CPT-seq is an entirely in vitro means of ...generating libraries comprised of 9216 indexed pools, each of which contains thousands of sparsely sequenced long fragments ranging from 5 kilobases to > 1 megabase. These pools are "subhaploid," in that the lengths of fragments contained in each pool sums to ∼5% to 10% of the full genome. The scaffolding approach described here, termed fragScaff, leverages coincidences between the content of different pools as a source of contiguity information. Specifically, CPT-seq data is mapped to a de novo genome assembly, followed by the identification of pairs of contigs or scaffolds whose ends disproportionately co-occur in the same indexed pools, consistent with true adjacency in the genome. Such candidate "joins" are used to construct a graph, which is then resolved by a minimum spanning tree. As a proof-of-concept, we apply CPT-seq and fragScaff to substantially boost the contiguity of de novo assemblies of the human, mouse, and fly genomes, increasing the scaffold N50 of de novo assemblies by eight- to 57-fold with high accuracy. We also demonstrate that fragScaff is complementary to Hi-C-based contact probability maps, providing midrange contiguity to support robust, accurate chromosome-scale de novo genome assemblies without the need for laborious in vivo cloning steps. Finally, we demonstrate CPT-seq as a means of anchoring unplaced novel human contigs to the reference genome as well as for detecting misassembled sequences.
High-performance sparse matrix multipliers are essential for deep learning applications, and as big data analytics continues to evolve, specialized accelerators are also needed to efficiently handle ...sparse matrix operations. This paper proposes a modified, configurable, outer product based architecture for sparse matrix multiplication, and explores design space of the proposed architecture. The performance of various architecture configurations has been examined for input samples with similar characteristics. The proposed architecture has been implemented on Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA using 32-bit single precision floating-point arithmetic and also in 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit fixed-point arithmetic formats. The effect of quantization in the proposed architecture has been analyzed extensively and the results have been reported. The performance of the proposed architecture has been compared with state-of-the-art implementations, and an improvement of 9.21% has been observed in the performance.
Manipulation of the magnetization in heavy-metal/ferromagnetic bilayers via the spin-orbit torque requires high spin Hall conductivity of the heavy metal. We measure inverse spin Hall voltage using a ...coplanar waveguide based broadband ferromagnetic resonance setup in the Py/Ta system with a varying crystalline phase of Ta. We demonstrate a strong correlation between the measured spin mixing conductance and spin Hall conductivity with the crystalline phase of Ta thin films. We found a large spin Hall conductivity of −2439(ℏ/e)Ω−1cm−1 for low-resistivity (68 μΩ cm) Ta film having mixed crystalline phase, which we attribute to an extrinsic mechanism of the spin Hall effect.
Oral metronomic therapy in head and neck cancer Sharma, Vinod; Kumar, Akash
The Lancet global health,
January 2021, 2021-01-00, 20210101, 2021-01-01, Letnik:
9, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Photothermal conversion of light into heat energy is an intrinsic optical property of metal nanoparticles when irradiated using near-infrared radiation. However, the impact of size and shape on the ...photothermal behaviour of gold nanomakura particles possessing optical absorption within 600-700 nm as well as on incorporation in hydrogels is not well reported. In this study, nanomakura-shaped anisotropic gold nanoparticles (AuNMs) were synthesized via a surfactant-assisted seed-mediated protocol. Quaternary cationic surfactants having variable carbon tail length (n = 16, 14, 12) were used as capping for tuning the plasmon peak of gold nanomakura within a 600-700 nm wavelength. The aspect ratio as well as anisotropy of synthesized gold nanomakura can influence photothermal response upon near-infrared irradiation. The role of carbon tail length was evident via absorption peaks obtained from longitudinal surface plasmon resonance analysis at 670, 650, and 630 nm in CTAB-AuNM, MTAB-AuNM, and DTAB-AuNM, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of morphology and surrounding milieu of the synthesized nanomakuras on photothermal conversion is investigated owing to their retention of plasmonic stability. Interestingly, we found that photothermal conversion was exclusively assigned to morphological features (i.e., nanoparticles of higher aspect ratio showed higher temperature change and vice versa irrespective of the surfactant used). To enable biofunctionality and stability, we used kappa-carrageenan- (k-CG) based hydrogels for incorporating the nanomakuras and further assessed their photothermal response. Nanomakura particles in association with k-CG were also able to show photothermal conversion, depicting their ability to interact with light without hindrance. The CTAB-AuNM, MTAB-AuNM, and DTAB-AuNM after incorporation into hydrogel beads attained up to ≈17.2, ≈17.2, and ≈15.7 °C, respectively. On the other hand, gold nanorods after incorporation into k-CG did not yield much photothermal response as compared to that of AuNMs. The results showed a promising platform to utilize nanomakura particles along with kappa-carrageenan hydrogels for enabling usage on nanophotonic, photothermal, and bio-imaging applications.Photothermal conversion of light into heat energy is an intrinsic optical property of metal nanoparticles when irradiated using near-infrared radiation. However, the impact of size and shape on the photothermal behaviour of gold nanomakura particles possessing optical absorption within 600-700 nm as well as on incorporation in hydrogels is not well reported. In this study, nanomakura-shaped anisotropic gold nanoparticles (AuNMs) were synthesized via a surfactant-assisted seed-mediated protocol. Quaternary cationic surfactants having variable carbon tail length (n = 16, 14, 12) were used as capping for tuning the plasmon peak of gold nanomakura within a 600-700 nm wavelength. The aspect ratio as well as anisotropy of synthesized gold nanomakura can influence photothermal response upon near-infrared irradiation. The role of carbon tail length was evident via absorption peaks obtained from longitudinal surface plasmon resonance analysis at 670, 650, and 630 nm in CTAB-AuNM, MTAB-AuNM, and DTAB-AuNM, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of morphology and surrounding milieu of the synthesized nanomakuras on photothermal conversion is investigated owing to their retention of plasmonic stability. Interestingly, we found that photothermal conversion was exclusively assigned to morphological features (i.e., nanoparticles of higher aspect ratio showed higher temperature change and vice versa irrespective of the surfactant used). To enable biofunctionality and stability, we used kappa-carrageenan- (k-CG) based hydrogels for incorporating the nanomakuras and further assessed their photothermal response. Nanomakura particles in association with k-CG were also able to show photothermal conversion, depicting their ability to interact with light without hindrance. The CTAB-AuNM, MTAB-AuNM, and DTAB-AuNM after incorporation into hydrogel beads attained up to ≈17.2, ≈17.2, and ≈15.7 °C, respectively. On the other hand, gold nanorods after incorporation into k-CG did not yield much photothermal response as compared to that of AuNMs. The results showed a promising platform to utilize nanomakura particles along with kappa-carrageenan hydrogels for enabling usage on nanophotonic, photothermal, and bio-imaging applications.
Bioconversion of photosynthetic cyanobacteria biomass feedstock into biofuels, and commodity chemical compounds is limited. Seven strains of cyanobacteria, namely:
Synechocystis
PCC 6803,
...Synechococcus
PCC 7942,
Nostoc muscorum, Oscillatoria
sp.,
Anabaena cylindrica,
Lyngbya
sp. and
Phormidium
sp. were characterized for their growth, biomass, carbohydrates and lipids production. The maximum specific growth rate, the number of generations, biomass, and lipid yield as well as lipid content (13.1%) were observed in
Synechocystis
PCC 6803 among the evaluated strains. Overall 11.0, 7.5, 8.9, 4.8, 10.3, and 8.4% lipid, and 14.8, 32.1, 18.6, 26.2, 17.3, 27.8% carbohydrate content were obtained in
Synechococcus
PCC 7942,
N. muscorum, Oscillatoria
sp.,
A. cylindrica,
Lyngbya
sp. and
Phormidium
sp., respectively. In contrast, carbohydrate content in
Synechocystis
PCC 6803 cells was 9.89%.
N. muscorum
and
Phormidium
sp. were elucidated as a good candidate species for the carbohydrate enriched biomass. Therefore,
Synechocystis
PCC 6803 was screened as a robust species for lipid-based biofuels, while
Phormidium
sp. and
N. muscorum
can be exploited for the carbohydrate enriched biomass production.
Plasmonic metal nanoparticles are widely used for many applications due to their unique optical and chemical properties. Over the past decade, anisotropic metal nanoparticles have been explored for ...imaging, sensing, and diagnostic applications. The variations and flexibility of tuning the size and shape of the metal nanoparticles at the nanoscale made them promising candidates for biomedical applications such as therapeutics, diagnostics, and drug delivery. However, safety and risk assessment of the nanomaterials for clinical purposes are yet to be made owing to their cytotoxicity. The toxicity concern is primarily due to the conventional synthesis route that involves surfactants as a structure-directing agent and as a capping agent for nanoparticles. Wet chemical methods employ toxic auxiliary chemicals. However, the approach yields monodispersed nanoparticles, an essential criterion for their intended application and a limitation of the green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts. Several biocompatible counterparts such as polymers, lipids, and chitosan-based nanoparticles have been successfully used in the synthesis of safe nanomaterials, but there were issues regarding reproducibility and yield. Enzymatic degradation was one of the factors responsible for limiting the efficacy. Hence, it is necessary to develop a safer and nontoxic route towards synthesizing biocompatible nanomaterials while retaining morphology, high yield, and monodispersity. In this regard, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and carrageenan as capping agent for nanoparticles can ensure the safety. Carrageenan has the potential to act as antibacterial and antiviral agent, and adds enhanced stability to the nanoparticles. This leads to a multidimensional approach for utilizing safe nanomaterials for advanced biomedical and clinical applications.
The network connection within the car, the "Controller Area Network" (CAN) bus serves as an alternative protocol for electric automobiles. Tragically, the lack of a data authentication technique in ...the CAN bus protocol makes it susceptible to several types of assaults, making it easier for attackers to infiltrate the network. The CAN dataset is collected and the collected datasets attains for preprocessing stage using z-score normalization. For feature extraction, a restricted boltzmann machine (RBM) is used to extract the data. Next, our proposed method (MCFO-DANN) is used to identify and mitigate CAN Bus attacks in electric vehicles. Evaluation against other CAN bus anomaly detection methods demonstrates the superiority of MCFO-DANN, exhibiting higher accuracy. This proactive security solution fortifies electric vehicles against cyber-threats, ensuring real-time monitoring and response, thereby preserving the integrity and safety of the CAN Bus network in electric automobiles.
This work reports the synthesis of Mn-doped ZnSnO3 microspheres (Zn1−xMnxSnO3) using a simple co-precipitation method with (x = 0 to 0.15) and characterized for structural, morphological, surface ...area, and sensing properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the face-centered cubic structure of Mn-doped ZnSnO3 samples. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis demonstrated the variation in surface area from 15.229 m2 g−1 to 42.999 m2 g−1 with x = 0 to 0.15 in Zn1−xMnxSnO3. XPS indicates the change in the defect levels by Mn doping, which plays a crucial role in chemical sensors. Indeed a significant increase (≈311.37%) in CO gas sensing response was observed in the x = 0.10 sample compared to pure ZnSnO3 with a simultaneous reduction in operating temperature from 250 to 200 °C. Moreover, remarkable enhancements in response/recovery times (≈6.6/34.1 s) were obtained in the x = 0.10 sample. The Mn-doped ZnSnO3 could be a promising candidate for CO gas sensing devices used for maintaining air quality.
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