The present study was carried out for size distribution of aerosols at indoor environments covering six different locations in the Jawaharlal Nehru University campus using TSI AeroTrak Portable ...Particle Counter (APPC), during the year 2014–15. The instrument provides the particle counts in the ranges from 0.3 μm to 20 μm. After the investigation, total suspended particulate matters (TSPM) were observed in the following order: winter > monsoon > summer. The fine mode particles contributed more than 96% in comparison to coarse modes of particles. In number size distribution, a unimodal trend but with no characteristic seasonal variation was observed, however, a clear seasonal variation of modalities in surface area and volume size distributions was obtained. Both the unimodal and bimodal size distributions in surface area were observed. A slight shift in peak was also observed in the surface area and volume size distributions, which was attributed to be related to different characteristics in the kitchens and canteens of the indoor environment.
•This manuscript describes the behaviour of aerosols in different types of kitchen environments.•Aerosols number , area and volume size distributions were considered in this study.•Exhausts, time and type of cooking are important factors in determining the aerosols distributions.•Aerosols distribution is mostly uni-model with peak at fine size mode.
Impact of second-generation ethanol (2G) use in transportation sector mainly depends upon energy efficiency of entire production process. The objective of present study was to determine energy ...efficiency of a potential lignocellulosic feedstock; wheat straw and its conversion into cellulosic ethanol in Indian scenario. Energy efficiency was determined by calculating Net energy ratio (NER), i.e. ratio of output energy obtained by ethanol and input energy used in ethanol production. Energy consumption and generation at each step is calculated briefly (11,837.35 MJ/ha during Indian dwarf irrigated variety of wheat crop production and 7.1148 MJ/kg straw during ethanol production stage). Total energy consumption is calculated as 8.2988 MJ/kg straw whereas energy generation from ethanol is 15.082 MJ/kg straw; resulting into NER > 1. Major portion of agricultural energy input is contributed by diesel and fertilisers whereas refining process of wheat straw feedstock to ethanol and by-products require mainly in the form of steam and electricity. On an average, 1671.8 kg water free ethanol, 930 kg lignin rich biomass (for combustion), and 561 kg C5-molasses (for fodder) per hectare are produced. Findings of this study, net energy ratio (1.81) and figure of merit (14.8028 MJ/nil kg carbon) proves wheat straw as highest energy efficient lignocellulosic feedstock for the country.
Immune check point inhibitors such as nivolumab are changing the treatment paradigm of relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (r/rHL). Data from single arm studies have shown nivolumab to be an ...effective and safe therapy. Real world data from resource constrained settings are limited. Our study is a retrospective single center analysis of nivolumab in r/rHL from India. Data regarding baseline and pretreatment characteristics were collected for 20 patients treated with nivolumab from January 2016 to March 2021. Of 20, 15 patients received nivolumab in modified protocol, because of financial limitations. Postnivolumab therapy, the overall response rate was 90%, with 40% in complete remission. The median progression free survival was 13.1 month (95% confidence interval 8.33 mo, not reached) and median overall survival not reached, at a follow up of 24.3 months. No patients discontinued nivolumab because of side effects. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed no effect of dose reduction or increased duration of administration. Most common adverse effect seen was autoimmune hypothyroidism. Possible delayed immune-related side effects were seen in 3 out 5 patients in peritransplant period, in those who received nivolumab as salvage regimen before autologous stem cell transplant. In conclusion, nivolumab shows comparable efficacy and safety even with compromised dosing and schedule of administration of the drug in real world setting.
Risk Mitigation and Strategies in Aviation Kumar, Akash
INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT,
04/2024, Letnik:
8, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
In today's dynamic and uncertain business environment, organizations face countless risks that can significantly affect their operations, finances and reputation. The spectrum of risks is broad and ...constantly evolving, from natural disasters and economic downturns to cyber security threats and regulatory changes. Effective risk management is essential for organizations to manage these uncertainties and protect
•Twenty-two cross-transferable and polymorphic Allium cepa and Allium sativum, chloroplast-derived SSR(cpSSR) markers were developed which are predominantly tetra-nucleotide repeats rich.•Further ...Allium fistulosum L, A. schoenoprasum and Allium cepa var. aggregatum are closely related, according to genotyping-based dendrograms of 79 wild Alliums, hence have weak reproductive isolation due to strong kinship.•Allium fistulosum L, A. schoenoprasum, and Allium cepa provide a brilliant opportunity for introgression of the high total soluble content, high quercetin content, and allicin content of cultivated Allium into wild Allium as well as the biotic and abiotic stress tolerance of wild Alliums into cultivated Alliums.
Alliums are the most popular for their culinary usage and nutraceutical benefits. Their production is greatly affected by the multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. Poor characterizations of genetic resources are the major bottleneck in the genetic improvement of Alliums. Chloroplast-derived simple sequence repeat has recently gained much popularity due to their maternal inheritance and low recombination along with their hypervariable nature. In this study, 22 of the 28 chloroplast-derived markers from chloroplast genomes of A. cepa and A. sativum were reported as polymorphic and cross-transferable. Tetra nucleotide repeats were more prevalent (52 %) in these 22 cpSSR markers as compared to other repeat motifs. Further polymorphic information content of these 22cpSSR markers ranged from 0.007 to 0.427. Based on the genotyping of 22cpSSR markers, 25 Alliums were clustered into two groups (groups I, IIA, and IIB). This showed that cultivated Allium cepa and Allium sativum belong to group II rather than the majority of wild Alliums, which belong to group I. Hence This proved the widespread use of these AccpSSR and AscpSSR markers. Additionally, it was clear from 79 Alliums morphological and genotyping-based clustering that these 79 wild Alliums exhibit strong clustering consistency in genotyping and phenotyping-based dendrograms, hence confirming these cpSSR's discrimination potential. Allium tuberosum Rottler ex. Spreng is quite distinct from Allium fistulosum L, A. schoenoprasumas as well as Allium cepa var. aggregatum G.Don. Further Allium fistulosum L, A. schoenoprasum and Allium cepa var. aggregatum are closely related, according to genotyping-based dendrograms of 79 wild Alliums. Hence Allium fistulosum L, A. schoenoprasum, and Allium cepa provide a brilliant opportunity for introgression of the high total soluble content, high quercetin content, and allicin content of cultivated Allium into wild Allium as well as the biotic and abiotic stress tolerance of wild Alliums into cultivated Alliums. Subsequent clustering of 79 Alliums further allowed us to identify diverse Alliums for constructing a core collection. Hence present study will be useful for molecular breeding and genomic selection-based crop improvement.
Environmental concerns linked to fossil fuels, including but not limited to global warming, climate change, water and soil acidification, are compelling countries to investigate and advance biomass ...energy sources. In this study, lipid-isolated Chlorella vulgaris residue (CVR) and sewage sludge (SS) were characterized for their pyrolytic drivers, behaviors, in situ gasses, kinetics, bio-chars, and bio-oils using a hyphenated thermogravimetric–Fourier infrared spectroscopy/gas chromatography− mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR/GC-MS), two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS), and fixed bed reactor techniques. Also, an integrated response surface methodology and artificial neural network (RSM-ANN) modelling technique were utilized to optimize the pyrolytic products. Based on the TG/DTG analyses of the co-pyrolysis, two decomposition stages can be distinguished: the first stage involved degradation of CVR (150–350 °C), whereas the second stage (350–550 °C) was due to degradation of CVR-SS blends. The average activation energy (Eavg) was 250 kJ/mol and 235 kJ/mol for CVR and SS degradation, respectively. The integrated RSM-ANN modelling led to the maximum bio-oil and minimum of gas yield. As revealed by TG-FT/IR-GC/MS, 2D-COS, and bio-oils’ GC-MS analyses, co-pyrolysis synergistically improves the hydrocarbon production, while inhibited most of the nitrogenous and oxygenous compounds. However, some upgrading processes are necessary in order to be used as a drop-in fuel. In addition, the SEM and elemental analysis was used to evaluate the char product, which revealed its potency as a fuel in a variety of contexts. The findings presented herein offer both a practical and theoretical foundation for augmenting and optimizing the comprehensive circularity of CVR and SS co-pyrolysis.
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•Developed a zero-waste bioenergy method by pyrolyzing CVR with SS.•CVR & SS co-pyrolysis modeled via RSM & ANN hybrid approach.•Inclusion of SS expedited the CVR degradation.•Temperature-dependent evolved behavior of gaseous species was quantified.•Biochar pores grew as the proportion of CVR in the blends increased.
•Nano-scale mixtures of Fe and Ca have been synthesized.•Mixtures show endothermic behaviour.•Explanation of negative specific heat capacity.•Both mixtures show semiconductor behaviour due to very ...less bandgap, Eg = 0.64 eV•Sensible energy storage materials.•Thermal energy storage.
In this work, synthesis of two novel and economic mixtures, 0.6Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O·CaHPO4·1.5CaSO4·Ca(OH)2 (FPC4B) and 0.6Fe3(PO4)2·CaHPO4·1.5CaSO4·2H2O·Ca(OH)2 (FPC4A) in nano-scale have been reported. A simple chemical route (wet) was followed for the synthesis. ICP-OES and CHNS (Quantitative) were used to deduce the compositions. Several analytical techniques such as SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XRD, TG-DTA, UV-VIS-NIR, DSC have been used for the characterization of the mixtures. Analyses results revealed the structural confirmation and respective crystallite size of FPC4A (59.84 nm) and FPC4B (69.73 nm). Various functional groups present in the mixture were confirmed by FT-IR. The thermal stability of both mixtures was investigated by TG-DTA. DSC curve revealed endothermic behaviour of mixtures indicating that both FPC4A and FPC4B can be exploited as sensible heat storage materials. Eg (bandgap) of both mixtures were found to be 0.64eV with a refractive index of 3·48. SEM and TEM revealed the topographic constraint of both mixtures, which is rod-like in appearance.
Although partially autonomous driving (AD) systems are already available in production vehicles, drivers are still required to maintain a sufficient level of situational awareness (SA) during ...driving. Previous studies have shown that providing information about the AD's capability using user interfaces can improve the driver's SA. However, displaying too much information increases the driver's workload and can distract or overwhelm the driver. Therefore, to design an efficient user interface (UI), it is necessary to understand its effect under different circumstances. In this paper, we focus on a UI based on augmented reality (AR), which can highlight potential hazards on the road. To understand the effect of highlighting on drivers' SA for objects with different types and locations under various traffic densities, we conducted an in-person experiment with 20 participants on a driving simulator. Our study results show that the effects of highlighting on drivers' SA varied by traffic densities, object locations and object types. We believe our study can provide guidance in selecting which object to highlight for the AR-based driver-assistance interface to optimize SA for drivers driving and monitoring partially autonomous vehicles.
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