COVID-19 vaccines have brought us a ray of hope to effectively fight against deadly pandemic of COVID-19 and hope to save lives. Many vaccines have been granted emergency use authorizations by many ...countries. Post-authorization, a wide spectrum of neurological complications is continuously being reported following COVID-19 vaccination. Neurological adverse events following vaccination are generally mild and transient, like fever and chills, headache, fatigue, myalgia and arthralgia, or local injection site effects like swelling, redness, or pain. The most devastating neurological post-vaccination complication is cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Cerebral venous sinus is frequently reported in females of childbearing age, generally following adenovector-based vaccination. Another major neurological complication of concern is Bell’s palsy that was reported dominantly following mRNA vaccine administration. Acute transverse myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and acute demyelinating polyneuropathy are other unexpected neurological adverse events that occur as result of phenomenon of molecular mimicry. Reactivation of herpes zoster in many persons, following administration of mRNA vaccines, has been also recorded. Considering the enormity of recent COVID-19-vaccinated population, the number of serious neurological events is miniscule. Large collaborative prospective studies are needed to prove or disprove causal association between vaccine and neurological adverse events occurring vaccination.
We recently developed adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsids to facilitate efficient and noninvasive gene transfer to the central and peripheral nervous systems. However, a detailed protocol for ...generating and systemically delivering novel AAV variants was not previously available. In this protocol, we describe how to produce and intravenously administer AAVs to adult mice to specifically label and/or genetically manipulate cells in the nervous system and organs, including the heart. The procedure comprises three separate stages: AAV production, intravenous delivery, and evaluation of transgene expression. The protocol spans 8 d, excluding the time required to assess gene expression, and can be readily adopted by researchers with basic molecular biology, cell culture, and animal work experience. We provide guidelines for experimental design and choice of the capsid, cargo, and viral dose appropriate for the experimental aims. The procedures outlined here are adaptable to diverse biomedical applications, from anatomical and functional mapping to gene expression, silencing, and editing.
Recently Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys have gained special attention due to their high temperature applications. This article attempts to formulate the various processing routes for processing of ...Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys such as casting route, powder metallurgy route, rapid solidification and spray forming process. The pros and cons of various processes are provided in detail. The additive manufacturing, which is an emerging process is discussed which could be a promising technique of preparing Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys. Further recommendations are provided in terms of producing fine-grained near net shape shape memory alloys for high temperature applications.
•Hot rolling of cast Cu-Al-Ni SMA after solution treatment exhibits weak properties due to large grain.•Rapid solidification process produces fine-grain but is not commercially viable.•Powder metallurgy route has potential to produce fine-grained with improved properties.•Few attempts are made on preparing Cu-Al-Ni SMA by spray deposition process producing equiaxed grains.•Selective laser melting is an emerging and promising technique for preparing Cu-Al-Ni SMA.
Generation and application of energetic, broadband terahertz pulses (bandwidth ~0.1-50 THz) is an active and contemporary area of research. The main thrust is toward the development of efficient ...sources with minimum complexities-a true table-top setup. In this work, we demonstrate the generation of terahertz radiation via ultrashort pulse induced filamentation in liquids-a counterintuitive observation due to their large absorption coefficient in the terahertz regime. The generated terahertz energy is more than an order of magnitude higher than that obtained from the two-color filamentation of air (the most standard table-top technique). Such high terahertz energies would generate electric fields of the order of MV cm
, which opens the doors for various nonlinear terahertz spectroscopic applications. The counterintuitive phenomenon has been explained via the solution of nonlinear pulse propagation equation in the liquid medium.
This paper provides a systematic literature review, based on the identification, appraisal, selection and synthesis of the evidence of 121 publications published over a period of 43 years from 1973 ...to 2015, relating to the effect of incorporating recycled aggregates, sourced from processed construction and demolition waste, on the modulus of elasticity of concrete. It identifies various influencing aspects related to the use of recycled aggregates such as replacement level, size and origin, as well as mixing procedures, exposure of the resulting concrete to different environmental conditions, use of chemical admixtures and additions, and development of the modulus of elasticity over time. A statistical analysis on the collated data is also presented with the purpose of understanding the loss of modulus of elasticity, based on quality and replacement level of recycled aggregates. Furthermore, a relationship between modulus of elasticity and compressive strength, in accordance with existing specifications for conventional structural concrete, is also proposed.
•Systematic literature review on the elastic modulus of recycled aggregate concrete.•121 publications published over a period of 43 years from 1973 to 2015.•588 concrete mixes were analysed.•Influence of recycled aggregates' quality on the modulus of elasticity of concrete.•Ecm − fcm relationship of recycled aggregate concrete according to the EC2.
Carrier screening and counselling for prevention of marriage between carrier couples is cost-effective and simple way to diminish the incidence of common monogenic disorders such as sickle cell ...anemia and thalassemia. Mohanty et al., 2022 performed screening in tribes of Rajasthan state by solubility and NESTROFT test for the preliminary screening of Sickle cell, and beta thalassemia followed by the confirmatory test by Cation Exchange-High performance liquid chromatography (BioRad variant II using β-thal short program).1
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) are efficient gene delivery vectors via intravenous delivery; however, natural serotypes display a finite set of tropisms. To expand their utility, we ...evolved AAV capsids to efficiently transduce specific cell types in adult mouse brains. Building upon our Cre-recombination-based AAV targeted evolution (CREATE) platform, we developed Multiplexed-CREATE (M-CREATE) to identify variants of interest in a given selection landscape through multiple positive and negative selection criteria. M-CREATE incorporates next-generation sequencing, synthetic library generation and a dedicated analysis pipeline. We have identified capsid variants that can transduce the central nervous system broadly, exhibit bias toward vascular cells and astrocytes, target neurons with greater specificity or cross the blood-brain barrier across diverse murine strains. Collectively, the M-CREATE methodology accelerates the discovery of capsids for use in neuroscience and gene-therapy applications.
In this study, we deduce a spatially and temporally linked paired metamorphism from the Western Dharwar Craton (WDC), South India, for which we use representative rocks from the medium-grade (MG) ...(e.g. pelitic schist) and high-grade (HG) (e.g. mafic and metasedimentary granulites) domains in the craton. Using metamorphic reconstructions (P-T-t paths of evolution and thermobaric, T/P ratios at the metamorphic peak), garnet-biotite diffusion chronometry, monazite chemical dating techniques of the investigated rocks and published metamorphic and geochronological dataset, we demonstrate that the two domains, despite having a record of uniform burial to lower crustal depths, differ in their thermal (T-t) history. The medium-grade domain records relatively cooler, intermediate T/P type of metamorphism in the stability field of kyanite with TMax at ∼650-630°C, multiple metamorphic cycles, all along clockwise P-T paths of evolution, and representing recurring burial-exhumation and heating-cooling cycles and finally, relatively short-lived nature of residence at the medium- to lower crustal levels (Δt∼10-20 Myrs) and faster metamorphic cooling (dT/dt ∼10-20°C/Myr) and exhumation rates (dz/dt∼0.6-1.1 to 1-2 mm/yr). The high-grade domain, in contrast records relatively warmer, high T/P metamorphism (T/P ratios at ∼800-870°C/GPa) in the stability field of sillimanite with TMax at ∼800–870°C, recurring burial-exhumation stages as part of one prograde heating event along a monocyclic CW P-T path of evolution and finally, extremely long-lived lower-mid-crustal residence (Δt∼238 Myrs) and ultra-slow cooling (∼2°C/Myr) and exhumation (∼0.1 mm/yr) history. Both domains show broadly coeval metamorphism as part of the same orogenesis between c.2.53 and 2.41 Ga. We use these findings from the WDC to suggest the development of a paired metamorphism as part of a peel-back convergence style of plate tectonics at the Archaean-Proterozoic boundary in the planet Earth.
•We document paired metamorphism at the Archaean-Proterozoic boundary from the WDC.•The paired domains differ in metamorphic style, timescales and rate processes.•The findings support a peel-back convergence style of plate tectonics at the APB.
Tricyclic furan derivatives with multiple chiral centers are ubiquitous in natural products. Construction of such tricyclic scaffolds in a stereocontrolled, step-economic, and atom-economic manner is ...a key challenge. Here we show a nickel-catalyzed highly enantioselective synthesis of hydronaphtho1,8-bcfurans with five contiguous chiral centers via desymmetrization of alkynyl-cyclohexadienone by oxidative cyclization and following formal 4 + 2 cycloaddition processes. Alkynyl-cyclohexadienone was synthesized in one step from easily accessible phenols. This reaction represents excellent chemo-selectivity, regio-selectivity, diastereo-selectivity, and enantio-selectivity (single diastereomer, up to 99% ee). An extraordinary regioselectivity in the formal 4 + 2 cycloaddition step with enones revealed the diverse reactivity of the nickelacycle intermediate. Desymmetrization of alkynyl-cyclohexadienones via oxidative cyclization on nickel was supported by the isolation of a nickelacycle from a stoichiometric reaction. Enantioenriched tricyclic products contain various functional groups such as C=O and C=C. The synthetic utility of these products was demonstrated by derivatization of these functional groups.Tricyclic furanic compounds with multiple chiral centers are found in a variety of natural products. Here, the authors show a highly enantioselective nickel-catalyzed procedure to access tricyclic oxygen-containing scaffolds with five contiguous chiral centers.
Background: The heart is the central organ of the circulatory system, which maintains the flow of blood along with the transport of nutrients to different cells and tissues. A well-functioning ...cardiac state is a complicated mode of changeability. A healthy heart is not only about oscillation, as the rhythmometer is not the same in every circumstance. Heart rate shows variations so that it can be regulated according to psychophysiological conditions to maintain the effect of the internal-external stimulus.
Objective: The main objective of this review is to provide a piece of all-inclusive information about heart rate variability (HRV) and different variables affecting HRV. The direct interconnection so that HRV can be used in clinical practices.
Methods: This review article contains a detailed survey of literature about HRV available in different online sources such as; Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Web of Science, etc. In this review, the authors have focused on the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of HRV and the role of various factors affecting HRV.
Results: The variation in the time between two heartbeats is termed as HRV. It is one of the indicators of many pathological conditions related to cardiovascular health. It provided reliable information about the interaction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The analysis of the variation of heart rate is a well-known non-invasive technique to identify the functioning of the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) depends on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system for transferring information. The cardio-accelerating center, lungs, and non-striated muscles are innervated by cardiac sympathetic nerves. This division of ANS latches upon the heart accordingly via the cervicothoracic ganglion and vagus nerve. It is found that cardiac normal variability depends upon this stimulation towards the sinoatrial node (pacemaker), which can be evaluated by analyzing the HRV. In human-based studies, it has been found that a low level of HRV is one of the main causes of death rate among adults. Hence, HRV helps in identifying the risk of cardiac diseases and the state of ANS.
Conclusion: The heart plays a vital role in the human body and the well-functioning of the cardiac system is the need for a healthy life. The heart contains its nervous system termed as neurocardio system in which ANS plays a key role in which the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems interplay to regulate HRV. High HRV is associated with healthy condition, while low HRV is associated with pathological conditions. The HRV is influenced by various variables such as; pathological, physiological, psychological, environmental factors, lifestyle factors, and genetic factors, etc.
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