This paper presents an in-depth study and analysis of the emotional classification of EEG neurofeedback interactive electronic music compositions using a multi-brain collaborative brain-computer ...interface (BCI). Based on previous research, this paper explores the design and performance of sound visualization in an interactive format from the perspective of visual performance design and the psychology of participating users with the help of knowledge from various disciplines such as psychology, acoustics, aesthetics, neurophysiology, and computer science. This paper proposes a specific mapping model for the conversion of sound to visual expression based on people's perception and aesthetics of sound based on the phenomenon of audiovisual association, which provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent research. Based on the mapping transformation pattern between audio and visual, this paper investigates the realization path of interactive sound visualization, the visual expression form and its formal composition, and the aesthetic style, and forms a design expression method for the visualization of interactive sound, to benefit the practice of interactive sound visualization. In response to the problem of neglecting the real-time and dynamic nature of the brain in traditional brain network research, dynamic brain networks proposed for analyzing the EEG signals induced by long-time music appreciation. During prolonged music appreciation, the connectivity of the brain changes continuously. We used mutual information on different frequency bands of EEG signals to construct dynamic brain networks, observe changes in brain networks over time and use them for emotion recognition. We used the brain network for emotion classification and achieved an emotion recognition rate of 67.3% under four classifications, exceeding the highest recognition rate available.
Spectacular economic growth in China suggests the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has somehow gotten it right. A key hypothesis in both economics and political science is that the CCP's cadre ...evaluation system, combined with China's geography-based governing logic, has motivated local administrators to compete with one another to generate high growth. We raise a number of theoretical and empirical challenges to this claim. Using a new biographical database of Central Committee members, a previously overlooked feature of CCP reporting, and a novel Bayesian method that can estimate individual-level correlates of partially observed ranks, we find no evidence that strong growth performance was rewarded with higher party ranks at any of the postreform party congresses. Instead, factional ties with various top leaders, educational qualifications, and provincial revenue collection played substantial roles in elite ranking, suggesting that promotion systems served the immediate needs of the regime and its leaders, rather than encompassing goals such as economic growth.
The mechanical behavior of artificial jointed rock samples with different joint dip angles was analysed on the basis of the results of cyclic triaxial tests with 1.0Hz frequency under different ...stress amplitudes and different confining pressures. It was found that the dynamic strength decreases with increasing joint dip angles and increases with increasing confining pressures. The stress ratio (the ratio of the maximum stress of the cyclic loading to the static triaxial compressive strength) can comprehensively reflect the influences of joint dip angles, confining pressures and stress amplitudes. For all samples with different joint dip angles, confining pressures and stress amplitudes, the number of cycles at failure decreases with increasing stress ratios. And the evolutionary characteristics of the residual axial strain and residual dilatancy with loading cycles, as well as the evolution law of damages, are determined by the stress ratios. As the stress ratio changes, the evolution laws of the residual strain and the damages form three kinds of situations. A damage variable is defined using the sum of absolute values of the volumetric contraction and dilatancy, which can consider the initial fatigue damage of jointed rocks under cyclic loading and reflect laws of the dynamic damage evolution. During each loading cycle, the samples are slightly compacted and then dilate largely in the reloading stage, while dilate slightly and are largely compacted when unloading. The volumetric strain exhibits a series of significant changing rule within a cycle and with the increasing number of cycles, which contributes to reveal the mesoscopic damage mechanism in the cyclic loading condition. Finally, the confining pressure and the joint dip angle strongly influence the dynamic deformation and failure mechanism of jointed rock samples by affecting the generating of the weak zone along the joint plane and the initiation and propagation of micro-cracks.
Jointed rock samples with dip angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° (0° corresponds to the horizontal axis) are manufactured artificially, and a series of cyclic triaxial loading tests are performed at ...different frequencies (0.1, 1.0, 3.0, and 0.5 Hz) to assess the effects of the frequency on the dynamic characteristics, number of cycles until failure, irreversible strain, dissipated energy density, and failure mechanisms. Analysis of the test results and the phenomenon of cyclic loading reveals that frequency has a significant effect on the dynamic characteristics of the jointed rock samples. With the increasing frequency, the number of cycles until failure increases, the maximum value of the contractive volumetric strain increases, and the volume expansion significantly decreases. A higher frequency corresponds to a higher irreversible axial strain, but the irreversible volumetric strain exhibits two different trends, depending on the dip angle. Further, a higher frequency corresponds to a higher initial average axial stiffness and a higher dissipated energy density. Two new damage variables are defined in this study (the density method and residual strain method), which can describe the three stages of fatigue damage in jointed rock samples subjected to cyclic loading (initial damage, damage accumulation, and accelerated stage).
By analysing the evolution of local governments' roles in different periods of China's growth in transition, this paper explores local fiscal incentives to use subsidised land and infrastructure as ...key instruments in regional competition for manufacturing investment since the mid 1990s. Local land development behaviour is related to China's current land use institutions and intergovernmental arrangements. On the basis of panel data covering prefectural-level cities from 1999 to 2003, the paper empirically identifies and compares the fiscal impacts of different forms of land leasing (by negotiation versus by auction/tender). Policy implications are drawn from this analysis, for the further reform of China's urban land system and fiscal institutions.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a special kind of non-coding RNAs that are implicated in cancer malignant behavior, including glycolysis. However, their contributions to gastric cancer (GC) cell ...glycolysis are still poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the glycolysis-related role of circ-MAT2B in GC.
Gene expression was determined by qRT-PCR analysis. Protein level was detected by Western blot. The CCK-8, colony and EdU assays were carried out to assess GC cell viability, colony formation and DNA synthesis rate. Glycolysis was determined by glucose uptake and lactate production. The positive regulatory network of circ-MAT2B/miR-515-5p/HIF-1α was identified by RNA pull-down, RIP, ChIP and luciferase reporter assays. The in vivo role of circ-MAT2B was evaluated by using xenograft tumor model.
Circ-MAT2B was notably increased in GC and could be used as a sensitive and specific indicator of GC diagnosis and prognosis. Stable knockdown of circ-MAT2B dramatically inhibited GC cell viability, colony formation, DNA synthesis, glucose uptake and lactate production in vitro, and retarded tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circ-MAT2B was dominantly located in the cytoplasm and acted as a ceRNA to sponge miR-515-5p and increase HIF-1α expression. Silencing of miR-515-5p or overexpression of HIF-1α could evidently rescue the attenuated aggressive phenotype of GC cells caused by circ-MAT2B knockdown. Importantly, HIF-1α was able to directly bind to circ-MAT2B promoter and transcriptionally activate circ-MAT2B, thus forming a positive feedback loop.
Our data suggest that circ-MAT2B is a oncogenic circRNA in GC and provide a promising therapeutic target for GC patients.
The waviness is a visual effect produced by the change of the physical curvature of the surface of the product, when the external parallel light isincidentified, resulting in a change of the light ...reflected into the human eye. After multiple folds, there will be different degrees of crease conditions in the folded area of the flexible display panel. At present, the 3D profile characterization is mainly used to evaluate the depth or width of waviness, but there are differences between the human eye's perception and the depth of the waviness. In order to accurately monitorthe different degrees of the waviness, a method is studied to simulate the evaluation scheme of the human eye's perception of the crease: The inplane brightness tester is used to measure the optical topography of the crease surface, and the severity of the crease is evaluated by the brightness difference in the crease area, which is consistent with the subjective observation by the human eye and the 3D profile results.
•Urban ecological quality (UEQ) dynamics of Xi’an, China, had been analyzed from 2000 to 2019.•Natural and anthropogenic factors had significant impacts on local UEQ within 1300 m.•Interaction ...between factors enhanced or weakened their impacts on UEQ changes.•Natural conditions and climate changes had the greatest impact on the regional UEQ, followed by social changes and urban built environment.
Over the past decades, cities worldwide have experienced a sharp decline in urban ecological quality (UEQ) due to rapid urbanization accompanied. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of UEQ and its associated multi-scale impacts of natural and human factors on UEQ changes were still unknown. Thus, based on the Remote Sensing-based Ecological Index, Random Forest regression, and Geographical Detector, taking the downtown area of Xi’an City, China, as an example, we revealed the spatiotemporal dynamics of UEQ from 2000 to 2019 and quantified the impacts of 19 natural and human factors on UEQ changes at 30 scales. Results showed that 1) from 2000 to 2019, the UEQ in the downtown area of Xi'an experienced a sharp decrease at first, and then gradually recovered. But the recovered UEQ was much lower than the lost UEQ, indicating the big loss of UEQ. 2) The identified driving factors had significant impacts on local UEQ within 1300 m. 3) Elevation, temperature, precipitation, slope, and GDP were more important than other factors in impacting UEQ changes. 4) Natural conditions and climate change had the greatest impact on the regional UEQ, followed by social changes and urban built environment. Altogether, our results revealed the complex impacts of natural-anthropogenic factors on UEQ changes, including impact scale, impact strength, and impact interaction, thus can assist local government in optimizing urban planning and improving livable cities.
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•Eco-environment assessment of 3 756 urban residential quarters in Xi’an, China.•Factors affecting the ecological environment of residential quarters have been detected.•Specific ...reference construction values for the eco-environment of residential quarters have been proposed.
Residential quarters are a critical component of urban areas, which significantly affects people's health and quality of life. In recent decades, the high-density and crowded residential quarters have become the mainstream organizational model of construction in China, because of the rapid and massive urbanization in many cities. This results in the contradiction between the eco-environment needs and the accommodation needs. Therefore, a systematic evaluation of the eco-environment in residential quarters is urgently needed to address the drawbacks of current residential quarters' planning and design. This paper aims to explore ways to improve the eco-environment with residential quarters from the perspective of China. We first used the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) to evaluate the eco-environmental quality of 3, 756 residential quarters in the main urban areas of Xi 'an, China. Then, we quantitatively analyzed the landscape patterns of the impervious surfaces in these residential quarters. Finally, we characterized the impacts of residential quarters layout on the ecological environment by using the vegetation coverage (FVC), the normalized difference bare soil index (NDBSI), building density (BD), the residential density (RD), and the population density (PD) as main factors. The results are as follows: (1) Only 20.5 % of residential quarters with good eco-environments were distributed between the Second and Third Ring Road, indicating the need for improvement in creating livable eco-environments. (2) The shape of the impervious surface of excellent ecological quarters is complex and broken, the average patch area is smaller, and the degree of aggregation and combination of patches is lower compared to residential quarters with poor ecological quality. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce the connectivity of the impervious surface to improve the eco-environment of residential quarters. (3) Among the factors affecting RSEI of residential quarters, FVC, and NDBSI contribute more than other factors. For the construction of excellent eco-environments in residential quarters, we suggest that vegetation coverage should be no less than 0.4, the impervious surface coverage should be no more than 0.53, the building density should be between 0.28 ∼ 0.35, residential density should be no more than 0.22, and the population density of residential quarter should be under 0.29. Overall, for open and low-density residential quarters, the living environment can be improved by enriching vegetation and reducing impervious surfaces, while compact, high-density residential quarters can create a livable eco-environment by optimizing the impervious surface landscape patterns.
Crop growth monitoring and yield estimate information can be obtained via appropriate metrics such as the leaf area index (LAI) and biomass. Such information is crucial for guiding agricultural ...production, ensuring food security, and maintaining sustainable agricultural development. Traditional methods of field measurement and monitoring typically have low efficiency and can only give limited untimely information. Alternatively, methods based on remote sensing technologies are fast, objective, and nondestructive. Indeed, remote sensing data assimilation and crop growth modeling represent an important trend in crop growth monitoring and yield estimation. In this study, we assimilate the leaf area index retrieved from Sentinel-2 remote sensing data for crop growth model of the simple algorithm for yield estimation (SAFY) in wheat. The SP-UCI optimization algorithm is used for fine-tuning for several SAFY parameters, namely the emergence date (D
), the effective light energy utilization rate (ELUE), and the senescence temperature threshold (STT) which is indicative of biological aging. These three sensitive parameters are set in order to attain the global minimum of an error function between the SAFY model predicted values and the LAI inversion values. This assimilation of remote sensing data into the crop growth model facilitates the LAI, biomass, and yield estimation. The estimation results were validated using data collected from 48 experimental plots during 2014 and 2015. For the 2014 data, the results showed coefficients of determination (R
) of the LAI, biomass and yield of 0.73, 0.83 and 0.49, respectively, with corresponding root-mean-squared error (RMSE) values of 0.72, 1.13 t/ha and 1.14 t/ha, respectively. For the 2015 data, the estimated R
values of the LAI, biomass, and yield were 0.700, 0.85, and 0.61, respectively, with respective RMSE values of 0.83, 1.22 t/ha, and 1.39 t/ha, respectively. The estimated values were found to be in good agreement with the measured ones. This shows high applicability of the proposed data assimilation scheme in crop monitoring and yield estimation. As well, this scheme provides a reference for the assimilation of remote sensing data into crop growth models for regional crop monitoring and yield estimation.
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