The Census of Agriculture is conducted every 5 years, in years ending in 2 and 7. The Census list frame is incomplete, resulting in undercoverage. Not all operations on the list frame respond, and, ...based on the response, some misclassification occurs. In 2012, a capture–recapture analysis was conducted to adjust for undercoverage, nonresponse, and misclassification. This was the first time capture–recapture methods were used to produce official statistics for an establishment survey. The number of records on the Census Mailing List that were classified as farms was 1,382,099, and the published estimate of the number of farms was 2,109,303, a 34.5% adjustment. The adjustment was greatest for farms with low production levels and for specialty farms, both of which are difficult to identify and add to the list. The methods used are described. Challenges that arose in the implementation process are discussed. Areas for enhancement being targeted for the 2017 Census of Agriculture are highlighted.
The United States Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) conducts the June Agricultural Survey (JAS) annually. Substantial misclassification occurs during the ...prescreening process and from field-estimating farm status for nonresponse and inaccessible records, resulting in a biased estimate of the number of US farms from the JAS. Here, the Annual Land Utilization Survey (ALUS) is proposed as a follow-on survey to the JAS to adjust the estimates of the number of US farms and other important variables. A three-phase survey design-based estimator is developed for the JAS-ALUS with nonresponse adjustment for the second phase (ALUS). A design-unbiased estimator of the variance is provided in explicit form.
In this study we illustrate a statistical approach to questioned document examination. Specifically, we consider the construction of three classifiers that predict the writer of a sample document ...based on categorical data. To evaluate these classifiers, we use a data set with a large number of writers and a small number of writing samples per writer. Since the resulting classifiers were found to have near perfect accuracy using leave-one-out crossvalidation, we propose a novel Bayesian-based cross-validation method for evaluating the classifiers.
The United States Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) conducts the June Agricultural Survey (JAS) annually. Substantial misclassification occurs during the ...pre-screening process and from field-estimating farm status for non-response and inaccessible records, resulting in a biased estimate of the number of US farms from the JAS. Here the Annual Land Utilization Survey (ALUS) is proposed as a follow-on survey to the JAS to adjust the estimates of the number of US farms and other important variables. A three-phase survey design-based estimator is developed for the JAS-ALUS with non-response adjustment for the second phase (ALUS). A design-unbiased estimator of the variance is provided in explicit form.
Summary Objectives Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection afflicting immunocompromised patients, causing a significant degree of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of the study was to provide ...a comprehensive analysis describing the epidemiology and outcome of mucormycosis in the scenario of HIV infection. Methods We systematically searched PubMed for reports about mucormycosis associated with HIV. Eligible studies describe the predisposing factor, clinical form, treatment, and survival outcome. Results We included 61 articles from 212 reviewed abstracts, corresponding to 67 cases. Patients were mostly men (68.2%) with a median CD4+ count of 47 IQR 17–100 cells/mm3 . Intravenous drug use (50%), neutropenia (29.7%) and corticosteroid use (25%) were the predominant associated factors. The main clinical forms were disseminated (20.9%), renal (19.4%), and rhino-cerebral (17.9%). Rhizopus (45.5%) and Lichtheimia spp (30.3%) were the main fungal isolates. Treatment consisted of antifungal therapy and surgery in 38.8%. Overall mortality rate was 52.2%, and varied with the site of infection: 92.9% for disseminated disease, 62.5% for cerebral disease, 60% for pulmonary infection, and 36.4% for cutaneous infection. Survival was worse for those who did not initiate antifungals ( p = .04), who were antiretroviral naïve ( p = .01 ) , who were admitted to ICU ( p = .003) or had disseminated disease ( p = .007). Conclusions Mucormycosis is a life-threatening infection in HIV patients and clinician should be aware of this co-infection in the differential diagnosis of HIV opportunistic infections.
In this study we illustrate a statistical approach to questioned document examination. Specifically, we consider the construction of three classifiers that predict the writer of a sample document ...based on categorical data. To evaluate these classifiers, we use a data set with a large number of writers and a small number of writing samples per writer. Since the resulting classifiers were found to have near perfect accuracy using leave-one-out cross-validation, we propose a novel Bayesian-based cross-validation method for evaluating the classifiers.
Acute cardiac injury in patients with COVID-19 De Lorenzo, Andrea; Kasal, Daniel Ab; Tura, Bernardo R ...
American journal of cardiovascular disease,
01/2020, Letnik:
10, Številka:
2
Journal Article
INTRODUCTIONCardiac complications of COVID-19 are potentially life-threatening. The occurrence of myocardial injury in the context of COVID-19 is multifactorial and has generated increasing interest. ...METHODSA systematic review with a meta-analysis of the literature was performed. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched. Two independent reviewers evaluated the selected manuscripts for the outcome "myocardial injury", defined by troponin elevation above the 99th percentile. The study heterogeneity and risk of bias were evaluated. RESULTSEight studies, with a total of 1,229 patients, were included. The frequency of myocardial injury was 16% (95% CI: 9%-27%). The heterogeneity among the studies was high (93%). CONCLUSIONSMyocardial injury may occur in patients with COVID-19, with a frequency of 16% according to current studies. Continuous research is needed to update these findings as the pandemic evolves and to define the implications of myocardial injury in the context of this infection.
Cutaneous mucormycosis in advanced HIV disease Moreira, José; Ridolfi, Felipe; Almeida-Paes, Rodrigo ...
The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases,
11/2016, Letnik:
20, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Angionvasive mucormycosis is an emerging fungal disease known to affect mainly diabetics or subjects with profound neutropenia. Infection usually occurs through the inhalation route, but cutaneous ...inoculation may occur after trauma or burns. However, mucormycosis remains unusual in HIV infection. We report a fatal case of cutaneous mucormycosis due to Rhizopus arrhizus involving the scalp following herpes zoster infection. The patient was a 42-year-old man with advanced AIDS failing on salvage antiretroviral therapy. The fungus was diagnosed on the basis of histopathology and culture. Our case emphasizes the need to consider mucormycosis in the differential diagnosis of necrotic cutaneous lesions in patients with late-stage HIV disease.
Little is studied about complications related to probiotic ingestion. This study proposes to present a synthesis and critical evaluation of the reports and series of cases on the infectious ...complications related to the ingestion of probiotics, which can raise awareness for the prescribing and use of probiotics for certain groups of patients.
Systematic review of reports and series of cases researched in the PubMed, SciELO and Scopus databases published until August 2018. The references of the articles were investigated manually for the search of cross references. SPSS version 23.0 was used for descriptive statistics and univariate analysis.
We found 60 case reports and 7 case series, making up a total of 93 patients. Fungemia was the most common infectious complications with 35 (37.6%) cases. The genus Saccharomyces was the most frequent with 47 (50.6%) cases, followed by Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacillus, Pedioccocus and Escherichia with 26 (27.9%), 12 (12.8%), 5 (5.4%), 2 (2.2%) and 1 (1.1%) case, respectively. Adults over 60 years of age, Clostridium difficile colitis, antibiotic use and Saccharomyces infections were associated with overall mortality. HIV infections, immunosuppressive drugs, solid organ transplantation, deep intravenous lines, enteral or parenteral nutrition were not associated with death.
The use of probiotics cannot be considered risk-free and should be carefully evaluated for some patient groups.
CRD42016042289.
Systemic microvascular dysfunction in COVID-19 Sabioni, Leticia R; Tibirica, Eduardo; Lamas, Cristiane C ...
American journal of cardiovascular disease,
10/2020, Letnik:
10, Številka:
4
Journal Article
COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), while having lung injury as its most prominent feature, has been increasingly shown to affect endothelial cell ...function and the microvasculature. In this report, a woman with COVID-19, cardiac valve disease and spherocytosis was assessed with laser Doppler perfusion monitoring. Systemic microvascular reactivity was impaired during a worsening phase of COVID-19, but improved after clinical recovery; microcirculatory dysfunction paralleled systemic inflammation and pulmonary involvement. The assessment of systemic microcirculatory function may therefore provide insights on COVID-19 pathophysiology.
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