The one-dimensional model of vertical infiltration of water into an unsaturated soil layer is presented in the paper. The stationary boundary condition of constant soil surface watering is used for ...analysing the dynamics of transition from the unsaturated to saturated state of soil pores. The discretisation of the space and time domain of flow is conducted using the finite difference method. The resulting numerical algorithm is included in the program package MathCAD 14 to enable numerical analysis of filtration flow rate.
U radu je prikazan numerički model vertikalne infiltracije vode u nesaturirani sloj tla. Da bi se spoznala dinamika prelaska iz nesaturiranog u saturirano stanje pora tla, u radu se koristi ...stacionarni rubni uvjet konstantnog natapanja površine tla. Diskretizacija prostorne i vremenske domene toka je provedena metodom konačnih razlika. U svrhu izrade numeričkih analiza filtracijskog toka, rezultirajući numerički algoritam je implementiran u programskom paketu MathCAD 14.
Left bundle branch pacing has recently emerged as a significant alternative to right ventricular pacing. The rate of implanted stylet-driven septal leads is expected to increase substantially in the ...coming years, along with the need to manage long-term complications. Experience in extracting these leads is currently very limited; however, the number of complex extractions is anticipated to increase in the future. We report a complex case involving the extraction of a long-dwelling Solia lead used for left bundle branch pacing in a 21-year-old man. The lead was extracted through the implant vein 27 months after implantation, using a methodology that involved a locking stylet and compression coil. The new lead insertion was challenging due to venous occlusion but after successful venoplasty, the His lead was successfully implanted. The postoperative course was uneventful, demonstrating the feasibility of extraction without complications.
Acute renal failure (ARF) is a serious complication that occurs in 5%-18% of hospitalized patients and in up to 30% of patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit. The hospital mortality rate of ...patients with ARF is between 28% and 90%. The incidence of ARF is proportional to patient age. Therefore, despite all improvements in modern medicine, the annual incidence of ARF has not changed over the two past decades. The aim of our study was to analyze the incidence and causes of ARF in our Center during the five-year period, to analyze the characteristics of patients and their comorbid conditions, variations in laboratory parameters during hospitalization, and therapy administered. Also, we analyzed the outcome and length of hospitalization.
During the five-year period (from January 2008 till December 2012), we analyzed 316 patients treated for ARF at Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Rijeka University Hospital Center. Data were obtained by searching medical records. ARF was defined according to the KDIGO recommendations: increase in serum creatinine (sCR) > 26 μmol/L within 48 h, or increase in sCR by 1.5 times compared to the reference values, which is known or assumed to have appeared within a week of hospitalization, or diuresis < 0.5 mL/kg/h for ≥ 6 hours.
Out of 316 ARF patients analyzed, 57 were hospitalized at our Department in 2008 (50.9% of men and 49.1% of women), 56 in 2009 (39.3% of men and 60.7% of women), 66 in 2010 (55.3% of men and 44.7% of women) and 76 in 2011 (55.3% of men and 44.7% of women). In 2012, we analyzed 61 ARF patients (42.6% of men and 53.4% of women). There were no statistically significant age and gender differences, although we noticed an increasing tendency in the number of elderly patients hospitalized for ARF. Furthermore, analyzing the frequency of patient arrival from home, nursing home or transfer from other departments we recorded an increase in the arrival of patients from nursing homes during the study period. Analysis of the proportion of patients hospitalized for ARF in our Department in relation to the total number of hospitalized patients revealed that ARF was the cause of hospitalization in 8.2%-9.9% of all patients. There was no significant change in the number of patients hospitalized for ARF during the period observed. Analyzing the frequency of hospitalization due to ARF by months, we noticed that the largest number of patients were hospitalized during summer months (from June to September). The most common form of ARF was prerenal (56.1%-67.9%). The largest number of patients were treated by parenteral rehydration and antibiotics (52.6%-71.4%). Renal replacement therapy was performed in 12.5%- 21.1% of all patients. The mortality rate throughout the period of observation ranged from 21.2%-30.4%. Furthermore, complete recovery of renal function was achieved in 30.5%-40.4% of all patients. The mean length of hospital stay ranged from 11.8 to 15.1 days.
Acute renal failure is a significant cause of hospitalization, especially in elderly patients. Therefore, early identification along with appropriate and early treatment of patients with ARF is needed to improve survival and recovery of renal function in these patients.
BackgroundBetween October 2022 and January 2023, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B/Victoria viruses circulated in Europe with different influenza (sub)types dominating in different areas.AimTo ...provide interim 2022/23 influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates from six European studies, covering 16 countries in primary care, emergency care and hospital inpatient settings.MethodsAll studies used the test-negative design, but with differences in other study characteristics, such as data sources, patient selection, case definitions and included age groups. Overall and influenza (sub)type-specific VE was estimated for each study using logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsThere were 20,477 influenza cases recruited across the six studies, of which 16,589 (81%) were influenza A. Among all ages and settings, VE against influenza A ranged from 27 to 44%. Against A(H1N1)pdm09 (all ages and settings), VE point estimates ranged from 28% to 46%, higher among children (< 18 years) at 49-77%. Against A(H3N2), overall VE ranged from 2% to 44%, also higher among children (62-70%). Against influenza B/Victoria, overall and age-specific VE were ≥ 50% (87-95% among children < 18 years).ConclusionsInterim results from six European studies during the 2022/23 influenza season indicate a ≥ 27% and ≥ 50% reduction in disease occurrence among all-age influenza vaccine recipients for influenza A and B, respectively, with higher reductions among children. Genetic virus characterisation results and end-of-season VE estimates will contribute to greater understanding of differences in influenza (sub)type-specific results across studies.
Akutno bubrežno zatajenje (ABZ) javlja se u 5 % do 18 % hospitaliziranih bolesnika, a i do 30 % u jedinicama intenzivne skrbi. Cilj naše studije bio je analizirati incidenciju i uzroke ABZ u našem ...Centru tijekom petogodišnjeg razdoblja, analizirati karakteristike bolesnika i njihovih komorbidnih stanja te varijacije u laboratorijskim parametrima, duljinu hospitalizacije, primijenjenu terapiju i ishod liječenja. Tijekom petogodišnjeg razdoblja analizirali smo 316 bolesnika koji su zbog razvoja ABZ bili hospitalizirani na Zavodu za nefrologiju i dijalizu, KBC Rijeka. Podaci su dobiveni pretraživanjem medicinske dokumentacije. ABZ je bio uzrok u 8,2 % do 9,9 % hospitaliziranih bolesnika. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u spolu i dobi bolesnika, iako je vidljiv trend porasta starije populacije. Uzrok ABZ bio je najčešće prerenalne etiologije (56,1 % do 67,9 %). Najveći broj bolesnika bio je liječen konzervativnim mjerama (52,6 % do 71,4 %), a liječenje dijalizom bilo je potrebno u 12,5 % do 21,1 % bolesnika. Do smrtnog ishoda došlo je od 21,2 % do 30,4 % bolesnika, dok je potpuni oporavak bio u 30,5 % do 40,4 % bolesnika. Prosječna duljina hospitalizacije kretala se od 11,8 do 15,1 dana. Zaključuje se da je ABZ značajan uzrok hospitalizacije bolesnika. Nužno je rano prepoznavanje bolesti i adekvatno rano liječenje u cilju poboljšanja preživljenja, ali i poboljšanja oporavka bubrežne funkcije.
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