Rapid urbanization has significantly contributed to the development of urban heat island (UHI). Regulating landscape composition and configuration would help mitigate the UHI in megacities. Taking ...Shenzhen, China, as a case study area, we defined heat source and heat sink and identified strong and weak sources as well as strong and weak sinks according to the natural and socioeconomic factors influencing land surface temperature (LST). Thus, the potential thermal contributions of heat source and heat sink patches were differentiated. Then, the heterogeneous effects of landscape pattern on LST were examined by using semiparametric geographically weighted regression (SGWR) models. The results showed that landscape composition has more significant effects on thermal environment than configuration. For a strong source, the percentage of patches has a positive impact on LST. Additionally, when mosaicked with some heat sink, even a small improvement in the degree of dispersion of a strong source helps to alleviate UHI. For a weak source, the percentage and density of patches have positive impacts on LST. For a strong sink, the percentage, density, and degree of aggregation of patches have negative impacts on LST. The effects of edge density and patch shape complexity vary spatially with the fragmentation of a strong sink. Similarly, the impacts of a weak sink are mainly exerted via the characteristics of percent, density, and shape complexity of patches.
Display omitted
•We identified potential heat source and sink by natural and socio-economic factors.•Heterogeneous effects of landscape pattern on LST were investigated.•Compositions of heat source and sink landscape have fundamental effects on LST.•Effects of patch shape and spatial arrangement vary across different regions.•It offers implications for mitigating UHI by designing and transforming landscape.
Chlorophyll is the most important component of crop photosynthesis, and the reviving stage is an important period during the rapid growth of winter wheat. Therefore, rapid and precise monitoring of ...chlorophyll content in winter wheat during the reviving stage is of great significance. The satellite-UAV-ground integrated inversion method is an innovative solution. In this study, the core region of the Yellow River Delta (YRD) is used as a study area. Ground measurements data, UAV multispectral and Sentinel-2A multispectral imagery are used as data sources. First, representative plots in the Hekou District were selected as the core test area, and 140 ground sampling points were selected. Based on the measured SPAD values and UAV multispectral images, UAV-based SPAD inversion models were constructed, and the most accurate model was selected. Second, by comparing satellite and UAV imagery, a reflectance correction for satellite imagery was performed. Finally, based on the UAV-based inversion model and satellite imagery after reflectance correction, the inversion results for SPAD values in multi-scale were obtained. The results showed that green, red, red-edge and near-infrared bands were significantly correlated with SPAD values. The modeling precisions of the best inversion model are R² = 0.926, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) = 0.63 and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) = 0.92, and the verification precisions are R² = 0.934, RMSE = 0.78 and MAE = 0.87. The Sentinel-2A imagery after the reflectance correction has a pronounced inversion effect; the SPAD values in the study area were concentrated between 40 and 60, showing an increasing trend from the eastern coast to the southwest and west, with obvious spatial differences. This study synthesizes the advantages of satellite, UAV and ground methods, and the proposed satellite-UAV-ground integrated inversion method has important implications for real-time, rapid and precision SPAD values collected on multiple scales.
To investigate whether two brands of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) from the same manufacturer lead to varied effects when administered to patients with Kawasaki disease. (KD)
Clinical ...characteristics, laboratory data, IVIG response, and coronary arteries change were analyzed between two groups.
We included 158 KD cases. The mean age at KD diagnosis was 23 ± 1.39 (range, 2–95) months. In the first IVIG course, 18 (11.4 %) patients were unresponsive. TBSF (brand T) and Privigen (brand P) were administered to 94 and 64 patients, respectively. The brand P group had a significantly longer fever (P < 0.001) and hospitalization (P = 0.007) durations after the therapy and a higher number of IVIG unresponsiveness (P = 0.016) than the brand T group. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a high Formosa score (≥3, Odds ratio OR, 4.939; 95 % confidence interval CI, 1.199–20.337; P = 0.027), high levels of CRP (≥12 mg/L, OR: 4.257,95 % CI,1.265–14.322; P = 0.019), and treatment with brand P (OR, 3.621; 95 % CI, 1.029–12.677; P = 0.045) were independent risk factors for IVIG unresponsiveness.
Compared with brand T, brand P prolonged the fever and hospitalization durations after IVIG treatment and increased the proportion of IVIG treatment unresponsiveness, but it did not infer the coronary arteries sequelae.
A template-free strategy was designed to prepare hierarchical porous carbons (HPCs) using fluid catalytic cracking oil modified a coal tar pitch (CTP). The resulting HPCs possess large specific ...surface areas, reasonable pore size distributions, and wrinkled structures, which could improve the overall electrochemical performance. They exhibit a specific capacitance value of 329 F g
−1
at 0.5 A g
−1
and still maintain 220 F g
−1
at 20 A g
−1
, manifesting the remarkable rate capability. Additionally, the assembled symmetrical supercapacitor delivers a highest energy density of 23.6 Wh kg
−1
at a power density of 500 W kg
−1
and outstanding cycle stability of 92.8% capacitance retention after 10000 cycles. This work paves a new way to fabricate advanced carbon materials from low-cost CTP and provides a promising approach for value-added utilization of CTP.
Graphical abstract
N6-methyladenine (6mA) is an important DNA modification form associated with a wide range of biological processes. Identifying accurately 6mA sites on a genomic scale is crucial for under-standing of ...6mA's biological functions. However, the existing experimental techniques for detecting 6mA sites are cost-ineffective, which implies the great need of developing new computational methods for this problem. In this paper, we developed, without requiring any prior knowledge of 6mA and manually crafted sequence features, a deep learning framework named Deep6mA to identify DNA 6mA sites, and its performance is superior to other DNA 6mA prediction tools. Specifically, the 5-fold cross-validation on a benchmark dataset of rice gives the sensitivity and specificity of Deep6mA as 92.96% and 95.06%, respectively, and the overall prediction accuracy is 94%. Importantly, we find that the sequences with 6mA sites share similar patterns across different species. The model trained with rice data predicts well the 6mA sites of other three species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Fragaria vesca and Rosa chinensis with a prediction accuracy over 90%. In addition, we find that (1) 6mA tends to occur at GAGG motifs, which means the sequence near the 6mA site may be conservative; (2) 6mA is enriched in the TATA box of the promoter, which may be the main source of its regulating downstream gene expression.
Display omitted
•N/O self-doped HPCs were successfully prepared by modifying a coal tar pitch.•The HPCs own hierarchical porous architecture and high conductivity.•The HPCs show high specific ...capacitance, good rate performance, and cycle stability.•The assembled supercapacitors exhibit high energy density and power density.
Carbon materials with hierarchical porous architecture and high conductivity are highly desired for supercapacitors (SCs), but there is a daunting challenge to prepare them via an ecofriendly and economic route. Herein, a co-activation/graphitization strategy with the aid of KOH and Ni is proposed to fabricate the N/O self-doped hierarchical porous carbons (HPCs), employing coal tar pitch (CTP) modified by fluid catalytic cracking oil as a low-cost precursor. The as-prepared HPCs with a large specific surface area of 2254 m2 g−1 and appropriate heteroatom doping exhibit a specific capacitance of 368 F g−1 of specific capacitance at 0.5 A g−1 and still retain 270 F g−1 at 20 A g−1 (73.3% capacitance retention rate) in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Besides, the symmetrical SC achieves a maximum energy density of 27.45 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 253 W kg−1 in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. This work designs a novel route for preparing electrode materials with excellent electrochemical performance and provides a feasible way for the value-added utilization of low-cost CTP.
The transverse bending stiffness of a corrugated plate determined using an equivalent orthotropic model based on the Dirichlet boundary conditions and representative volume element method is the ...upper limit of the real solution, albeit often inaccurate in practice. Based on the Kirchhoff hypothesis, the constitutive relations of corrugated plates were reasonably simplified to propose a new corrugated plate equivalent orthotropic model. The resulting equivalent transverse bending stiffness agreed with the results of the most reasonable simplified expression available. Static response results obtained using the proposed model were more accurate than those obtained using the existing model without a simplified constitutive relation. Furthermore, for dynamic response, the proposed model exhibited improved accuracy when predicting low- and high-order natural frequencies. For the arc-and-tangent corrugated plate, two integral parameter expressions were calculated; the proposed equivalent plate model was verified by comparing the results of a full-scale test of the corrugated metal pipe arch culvert.
Corrugated plate; Equivalent orthotropic model; Simplified constitutive relation; Equivalent bending stiffnesses; Natural frequency prediction
Livestock animals is of great significance in agricultural production. However, the role of specific gene expression, especially alternative splicing in determining phenotype, is not well understood. ...The livestock research community needs a gene expression and alternative splicing database contributing to livestock genetic improvement. LivestockExp covers by far the largest number of livestock animal species and RNA-seq samples and provides a valuable data resource and analysis platform for the convenient utilization of public RNA-seq datasets.
PDF
