Hrvatska je članica Međunarodnoga kartografskog društva (International Cartographic Association − ICA) od 1995. godine, a jedna od njezinih obveza je podnošenje nacionalnih izvještaja o kartografskim ...aktivnostima generalnoj skupštini koja se održava svake četiri godine. Nositelj tih aktivnosti u Hrvatskoj je Hrvatsko kartografsko društvo.
Croatia has been a member of the International Cartographic Association (ICA) since 1995 and one of its obligations has been to submit national reports on cartographic activities to the General Assembly held every four years. The bearer of those activities in Croatia is the Croatian Cartographic Society.
Ivan Klobučarić was one of the most important Croatian cartographers at the turn of the 17th century. In 1579 he produced a panorama of Rijeka which is kept in the War Archives (Kriegsarchiv) in ...Vienna. The Styrian Provincial Archives (Steiermärkische Landesarchiv) in Graz houses a map of the Bay of Rijeka with a panorama of the city dated 1586, attributed to Klobučarić. His cartographic legacy created between 1601 and 1605 can be found in the Clobucciarich – Skizzen collection. It comprises 108 sheets. Most are double-sided. Some pages show two or more items, so that the entire collection includes around 500 cartographic depictions. In terms of western Croatia, there are about twenty. This paper provides a list of the contents of Klobučarić’s cartographic depictions relating to the area of Croatia. A sketch of the Kvarner Littoral from Rijeka to Sveti Juraj with the mainland hinterland is described, with a map of parts of Croatia from Rijeka to Omiš with the mainland hinterland. An analysis was conducted of the contents of the parts of the sketch and map showing the Kvarner Littoral, comparing the representation of settlements showed and those omitted, with toponyms on the map and those shown on earlier maps of the Kvarner Littoral. The paper indicates errors in previous works about Klobučarić’s life, work and cartographic activities.
Ivan Klobučarić jedan je od najznačajnijih hrvatskih kartografa s kraja 16. i početka 17. stoljeća. Autor je panoramske vedute Rijeke iz 1579. koja se čuva u Ratnom arhivu (Kriegsarchiv) u Beču. U Štajerskom zemaljskom arhivu (Steiermärkische Landesarchiv) u Grazu nalazi se karta
Riječkog zaljeva s vedutom Rijeke iz 1586. koja se pripisuje Klobučariću. U tom Arhivu, u fondu Clobucciarich – Skizzen čuva se Klobučarićeva kartografska ostavština nastala u razdoblju 1601–1605. Sastoji se od 108 listova. Na većini listova prikazi se nalaze s obiju strana papira. Na pojedinim stranicama postoje dva ili više prikaza, tako da čitav fond sadrži oko 500 kartografskih prikaza. Za područje zapadne Hrvatske, Klobučarićeva ostavština sadrži dvadesetak kartografskih prikaza. U radu je dan popis sadržaja Klobučarićevih kartografskih prikaza koji se odnose na područja Hrvatske. Opisana je skica Kvarnerskog primorja od Rijeke do Sv. Jurja s kopnenim zaleđem i karta dijela Hrvatske od Rijeke do Omiša s kopnenim zaleđem. Provedena je analiza sadržaja dijela skice i karte na kojem je prikazano Kvarnersko primorje, usporedbom zastupljenosti naselja koja je Klobučarić prikazao i onih koja nije te usporedbom toponima sadržanih na
karti s toponimima prikazanim na ranije izrađenim kartama na kojima je prikazano Kvarnersko primorje. Ukazano je na pogreške uočene u dosadašnjim radovima o Klobučarićevu životu i njegovu kartografskom djelovanju.
ABSTRACT In books and textbooks on map projections, cylindrical, conic and azimuthal projections are usually considered separately. The goal of this article is to show in a rigorous and systematic ...way how to generally approach solving the problem of transition from a conic to a corresponding cylindrical projection. Following his idea, this paper shows that not only conformal, but also equal-area and equidistant cylindrical projections can be derived from corresponding conic map projections. KLJUČNE BESEDE kartografska projekcija, konusna projekcija, cilindrična proekcija KEYWORDS map projection, conic projection, cylindrical projection 1 MOTIVATION AND INTRODUCTION In books and textbooks on map projections, cylindrical, conic and azimuthal projections are usually considered separately, and sometimes it is mentioned that cylindrical and azimuthal projections can be interpreted as limiting cases of conic projections (Lee, 1944; Kavrayskiy, 1958, 1959; Jovanovic, 1983; Vakhrameyeva et al., 1986; Snyder, 1987; Kuntz, 1990; Canters, 2002; Monmonier, 2004; Serapinas, 2005), but it is rarely attempted to prove (Lambert, 1772; Hinks, 1912; Hoschek, 1969; Daners, 2012). The goal of this article is to show in a rigorous and systematic way how to generally approach solving the problem of transition from a conic to a corresponding cylindrical projection. Final section presents concluding remarks. 2 LAMBERT'S DERIVATION OF THE MERCATOR PROJECTION AS A SPECIAL CASE OF THE CONFORMAL CONIC PROJECTION The beginnings of the theory of mapping one surface to another belong to Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728-1777), who dealt with the general problem of mapping a sphere and an ellipsoid into a plane in the chapter Anmerkungen und Zusätze zur Entwerfung der Land und Himmelscharten (Notes and additions to the establishment of maps of the Earth and the Sky) printed in to the third part of his Beyträge zum Gebrauche der Mathematik und deren Anwendung (Contributions to the use of mathematics and its application) (Lambert, 1772).
Lambert (1772) derived the equation of the Mercator projection as a limiting case of a conformal conic projection. In this paper, we give a derivation for equidistant, equal-area, conformal and ...perspective cylindrical projections as limiting cases of equidistant, equal-area, conformal and perspective conic projections. In this article the conic and cylindrical projections are not projections on a cone or a cylinder whose surfaces are cut and developed into a plane, but rather mappings of the sphere directly into the plane. Exceptions are projections that are defined as mappings on the surface of a cone or plane, as is the case with perspective projections. In the end, we prove that it is not always possible to obtain a corresponding cylindrical projection as a limiting case from a conic projection, as one might conclude at first glance. Therefore, the final conclusion is that it is not advisable to interpret cylindrical projections as limiting cases of conic projections.
Lambert (1772) je izveo jednadžbu Mercatorove projekcije kao graničnog slučaja konformne konusne projekcije. U ovom radu dajemo izvod za ekvidistantnu, ekvivalentnu, konformnu i perspektivnu cilindričnu projekciju kao granične slučajeve ekvidistantne, ekvivalentne, konformne i perspektivne konusne projekcije. U ovom članku konusne i cilindrične projekcije nisu projekcije na stožac ili valjak čije su plohe izrezane i razvijene u ravninu, već preslikavanje sfere izravno u ravninu. Iznimke su projekcije koje su definirane kao preslikavanja na plohu stošca ili ravnine, kao što je slučaj s perspektivnim projekcijama. Na kraju dokazujemo da nije uvijek moguće iz konusne projekcije dobiti odgovarajuću cilindričnu projekciju kao granični slučaj, kako bi se dalo zaključiti na prvi pogled. Stoga je konačni zaključak da cilindrične projekcije nije uputno tumačiti kao granične slučajeve konusnih projekcija.
Cartographic communication through crisis maps takes place in a unique environment characterised by the immediate risks of considerable loss and stress. Many such maps are designed by practitioners ...with limited resources, pressured for time, and who often fail to pay the necessary attention to map graphics. This can reduce map clarity and make orientation to and understanding of essential crisis information difficult. To identify the most frequent shortcomings that may compromise the interpretation of depicted objects, phenomena presented, and actions required, we assessed the map graphics of 106 maps specifically designed for communication and action in crises. The results showed that they were often visually overloaded. Crisis data were not conveyed by appropriate cartographic representations, and due to the inappropriate use of visual variables, the associative and selective properties of cartographic symbols were overlooked, and their ordered and quantitative features ignored. The use of colour was often not adapted to conventional visual language, and colour symbolism was not always taken into account. The cartographic symbols used were often incomprehensible, illegible, ambiguous, and unclassified, and they lacked symbolism and hierarchical organisation. The article aims to address these problems by proposing guidelines which do not require much time or expertise, but which would ensure that cartographically correct crisis maps are well designed. Objects, phenomena or actions specific to crisis management would be indicated using appropriate map graphics and their importance highlighted, so as to make interpretation easier for all participants in a crisis event, and so facilitate crisis communication and response.
The basic property of all map projections is the distribution of inevitable distortions. Conic projections with one or two standard parallels are mentioned in the literature. These are parallels with ...the property that the distortion of length, area and angles equals zero at each of their points. It turns out that there are conic projections with no standard parallels, as well as those with more than two standard parallels. Such projections exist not only in theory, but examples of such projections can also be constructed.
Hrvatska milja na starim kartama Marina Viličić; Miljenko Lapaine
Kartografija i geoinformacije,
06/2016, Letnik:
15, Številka:
25
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Karta Stjepana Glavača iz 1673. godine vrijedan je i jedinstven primjerak hrvatske kartografske baštine. Na njoj je ucrtana hrvatska milja kojoj nema traga na kartama izrađenima prije Glavačeve ...karte. Više autora spominje vrijednost duljine hrvatske milje, ali nisu suglasni s iznosom njezine vrijednosti. Za potrebe ovoga rada, pored kopije Glavačeve karte pribavljene su i istražene kopije karata Janeza Vajkarda Valvasora iz 1689., Giacoma Cantellija da Vignole iz 1690., Antuna Belavića iz 1739. i karta Kraljevinâ Dalmacije, Hrvatske i Slavonije… iz 1746. na kojima je, pored ostalih milja, ucrtana i hrvatska milja. S pomoću tih ucrtanih milja izračunan je odnos između hrvatske i njemačke milje, zatim talijanske i hrvatske milje te potom francuske i hrvatske milje. Pored tih odnosa, dan je i pregled odnosa hrvatske milje i nekih drugih milja. Utvrđeno je da je duljina hrvatske milje jednaka 1/10 duljine ekvatorskog stupnja. Duljina hrvatske milje za Zemljin radijus R = 6371 km iznosi 11 120 m, odnosno približno 11 km.
Maja Cepetić Rogić defended her doctoral thesis entitled The Episcopal Estates of Dubrava, Ivanić and Čazma in the 12th and 13th Centuries: Territorial Organisation, Settlements and Monuments, on 17 ...February 2015 at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb.
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