This study aimed to determine the contribution of gender,
age, intensity of exercise, perfectionism, perfectionistic self-presentation
and eating attitudes in the explanation dimensions of social ...physique anxiety
(SPA) in a sample of 345 male and female gym exercisers. The results of this
study indicate that the implemented model explains 21.3 % (p < .001) of
the variance in Dissatisfaction with appearance and 48.4 % (p < .001) of
the variance in Worry about appearance. Significant predictors of Dissatisfaction
with appearance are intensity of exercise, discrepancy and eating attitudes,
while significant predictors of Worry about appearance are gender, intensity
of exercise, discrepancy, avoiding displays of imperfection and eating
attitudes. In other words, recreational levels of exercise, negative
perfectionism and negative attitudes towards food are strong predictors of
social physique anxiety, while the tendency to hide our imperfections and
female gender are only relevant when it comes to worry about appearance.
Cilj je istraživanja bio utvrditi koliko spol, dob,
ozbiljnost vježbanja, perfekcionizam, perfekcionistička samoprezentacija te
stavovi prema hranjenju doprinose objašnjenju dimenzija straha od negativne
evaluacije izgleda na uzorku od 345 muških i ženskih sudionika koji vježbaju
u teretani. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da testirani model objašnjava
21.3 % (p < .001) varijance Nezadovoljstva izgledom i 48.4 % (p < .001)
varijance Brige o izgledu. Značajni su prediktori Nezadovoljstva izgledom ozbiljnost
vježbanja u teretani te Diskrepancija i stavovi prema hranjenju, dok su
značajni prediktori Brige o izgledu spol, ozbiljnost vježbanja u teretani,
Diskrepancija, nepokazivanje nesavršenosti i stavovi prema hranjenju. Drugim
riječima, rekreativne razine vježbanja, neadaptivni perfekcionizam i
negativni stavovi prema hranjenju snažni su prediktori straha od negativne
evaluacije izgleda, dok su sklonost izbjegavanju pokazivanja vlastite
nesavršenosti i ženski spol relevantni samo za brigu o izgledu.
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different ways of providing information about transsexualism on attitudes towards transgender persons. Three independent groups were informed about ...transsexualism in different ways (a formal definition of transsexualism, a vignette with a transgender person story and a YouTube video depicting a transition timeline). Participants who watched the video and those who read the vignette expressed a significant positive change in the affective component of their attitude towards transsexualism, while participants who read the definition demonstrated no change. Differences across groups in the cognitive and behavioural components of students' attitudes were also confirmed. The results indicate that more personal and detailed methods of providing information about transgender persons could contribute to reducing social transnegativity.
In Croatia, transgender individuals face numerous social and medical obstacles throughout the process of transition. The aim of this study was to depict the factors contributing to the psychosocial ...adjustment of six transsexual individuals living in Croatia following sex reassignment surgery (SRS). A combination of quantitative and qualitative self-report methods was used. Due to the specificity of the sample, the data were collected online. Standardized questionnaires were used to assess mental health and quality of life alongside a series of open-ended questions divided into 4 themes: the decision-making process regarding SRS; social and medical support during the SRS process; experience of discrimination and stigmatizing behaviors; psychosocial adjustment after SRS. Despite the unfavorable circumstances in Croatian society, participants demonstrated stable mental, social, and professional functioning, as well as a relative resilience to minority stress. Results also reveal the role of pretransition factors such as high socioeconomic status, good premorbid functioning, and high motivation for SRS in successful psychosocial adjustment. During and after transition, participants reported experiencing good social support and satisfaction with the surgical treatment and outcomes. Any difficulties reported by participants are related to either sexual relationships or internalized transphobia. The results also demonstrate the potentially protective role that a lengthier process of transition plays in countries such as Croatia.
Social Physique Anxiety Among Bodybuilders Korajlija, Anita Lauri; Blažev, Divna; Blažev, Mirta ...
Collegium antropologicum,
10/2017, Letnik:
41, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The aim of the study was to determine whether there is a diffrence in social physique anxiety (SPA) in relation to gender, gravity of exercise, main goal of exercise and their interaction. A sample ...of 345 male and female gym exercisers completed Social phisique anxiety inventory (SPAS) and anwsered questions about their exercise habits. Data was collected through online survey formed on Survey Monkey which was forwarded to participants through social networks and forums related to exercise. The results of this study indicate that higher level of both SPAS dimensions (Dissatisfaction with appearance and Worry about appearance) was reported by recreational athletes (compared to more serious recreational athletes and competitive athletes) and participants whose main goal of exercise is improving health (compared to participants whose main goal of exercise is developing muscle mass or increasing endurance and strenght), while in Worry about appearance dimension, females show higher scores.
U znanstvenim i stručnim psihologijskim, psihijatrijskim i pravnim krugovima diljem svijeta vodi se rasprava o
uporabi koncepta roditeljskog otuđenja. U Hrvatskoj znanstvenoj i stručnoj literaturi ...prevladavaju tekstovi u
kojima se „otuđenje“ promatra kao na znanosti utemeljen konstrukt. Ono što nedostaje su tekstovi koji propitkuju
znanstvenu utemeljenost „otuđenja“ i problematiziraju moguće posljedice upotrebe takvog, u ovom trenutku još
uvijek, nedovoljno jasno definiranog i operacionaliziranog koncepta, na dobrobit naših korisnika. U ovom radu
iznesene su poteškoće s ovim konceptom i stavljene u kontekst prakse temeljene na dokazima te su prikazane
potencijalne štetne posljedice upotrebe „otuđenja“ u radu sa ženama žrtvama nasilja i korištenja „otuđenja“ kao još
jedne strategije prisile i kontrole nad žrtvama.
The Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) is a scale designed as a multi-theoretical and multi-diagnostic measure of general psychological distress. It can be used at ...all levels of psychological care, from triage to monitoring the effects of psychotherapy. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Croatian version of the CORE-OM questionnaire in an adult sample and to determine the cut-off score. The study included a total of 608 participants divided into non-clinical (n=425) and clinical (n=183) groups. In addition to the CORE-OM questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered. Analysis revealed a four factor structure with a higher order factor corresponding to the original structure, suggesting that this questionnaire measures the degree of general psychological distress from which it is also possible to determine in which areas this distress is particularly pronounced. Satisfactory internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as well as a good convergent validity, were confirmed. On the basis of ROC analysis, a cut-off score of 1.38 was determined. For clinicians, the CORE-OM can be used to assess general distress. However, it should be used in combination with other, more specific measures to further examine the expression of certain mental disorders. In research, the CORE-OM can be used as a reliable and valid measure of the presence and intensity of psychopathological disturbances.
Anxiety sensitivity (AS) refers to a person’s tendency to fear anxiety-related symptoms due to the belief that they have harmful consequences. The
Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index
(
CASI
) is a ...well accepted operationalization of the AS construct in children and adolescents. This study evaluated the factor structure, gender stability and psychometric properties of the CASI, modified to a 5-point scale, in a sample of Croatian children and adolescents (
N
= 1,679). Exploratory and confirmatory analysis and a Schmid-Leiman solution confirmed the multidimensional and hierarchical structure of the CASI, which consisted of three lower-order factors and a single higher-order factor. Further, the modification of the CASI to a 5-point scale resulted in higher reliability, while maintaining acceptable levels of factor stability and validity.
ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: With the health survey SF-36® we examined the perception of health (standard Croatian version) in 396 older persons, participants in the research with various social economic ...characteristics. A lower perception of health was determined in the older age group (76-91 years of age - IV age: components of physical functioning and physical limitations). Women showed lower self-assessment of bodily pain component. Urban participants showed higher perceptions of general health components, mental health components, vitality, physical limitations and bodily pain. Participants with lower education showed lower perception of health. Education is, according to all dimensions of health, a statistically more relevant factor in comparison to arbitrary poverty threshold (monthly pension: ± 1500.00 kn per month). Regression analysis explains a statistically significant, but relatively small percentage of variance of one's own perception of physical health (12%). Statistically significant predictors are age, education and region (whereas the continental region of Croatia shows a higher perception of physical health scale). Social economic characteristics statistically do not explain the perception of physical health scale of instrument SF-36. // ABSTRACT IN GERMAN: Mittels einer Untersuchung unter 396 älteren Menschen mit unterschiedlichen sozioökonomischen Merkmalen, die zugleich an einer Langzeitstudie über chronische Erkrankungen in Kroatien teilnehmen, sollte ermittelt werden, wie die Probanden ihren eigenen Gesundheitszustand wahrnehmen. Dabei kam der Fragebogen SF-36 (in kroatischer Version) zum Einsatz. Man stellte fest, dass unter Menschen im Alter von 76 bis 91 Jahren die Wahrnehmung des eigenen Gesundheitszustands weniger ausgeprägt ist. Frauen schätzen die Dimension körperlicher Schmerzen gemeinhin geringer ein als Männer, Städter dagegen stärker als Dorfbewohner. Die perzipierten Komponenten sind: allgemeiner Gesundheitszustand, geistige Wachheit, Vitalität, körperliche Einschränkungen und körperlicher Schmerz. Menschen mit geringerem Bildungsgrad schätzen den eigenen Gesundheitszustand schlechter ein. In allen untersuchten Dimensionen des Gesundheitszustands stellt der Bildungsgrad den statistisch ausschlaggebenden Faktor im Vergleich zur offiziell festgelegten Armutsgrenze dar (Richtpunkt: ± 1500 Kuna Monatsrente). Anhand einer Regressionsanalyse wird die statistisch relevante, aber geringfüge Varianz der Wahrnehmung des eigenen Gesundheitszustands erklärt (12%). Statistisch bedeutende Prädiktoren sind Alter, Bildungsgrad und Region (wobei Menschen aus der Kontinentalregion Kroatiens ihren Gesundheitszustand besser wahrnehmen als Menschen aus den übrigen Landesteilen). Die genannten sozioökonomischen Merkmale vermögen die summarische Wahrnehmung des seelischen Gesundheitszustands mittels des Fragebogens SF-36 statistisch nicht zu erklären. Reprinted by permission of Drustvena Istrazivanja
Many research has indicated that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, health care workers are under greatly increased pressure and at increased risk for the development of mental health problems. ...Furthermore, previous research has indicated that psychiatrists are exposed to a number of unique stressors that may increase their risk for poor mental health. The aims of the present study were to assess the level of COVID-19 related concerns, psychological distress and life satisfaction among psychiatrists and other physicians during the first period of the pandemic and to examine whether individual differences in COVID-19 concerns, psychological flexibility, psychological resilience and coping behaviors account for differences in mental health indicators.
The sample consisted of N=725 physicians, among whom 22.8% were psychiatrists. This study was conducted online during the first lockdown in Croatia and collected data regarding COVID-19 related concerns, coping behaviors and mental health indicators (Psychological Distress and Life Satisfaction).
Physicians of other specialties had higher scores on a measure of COVID-19 anxiety than psychiatrists (p=0.012). In addition, a number of differences in coping behaviors are evident. Specifically, psychiatrists were less likely than physicians of other specializations to believe that being informed about COVID-19 is an effective coping strategy (p=0.013), but more prone to using sedatives and drugs as a coping strategy (p=0.002; p=0.037).
Psychiatrists are at special risk for substance abuse. Younger age, psychological inflexibility, low resilience and greater COVID-19 concerns might act as specific risk factors for distress. Our findings highlight the need for promoting a healthy lifestyle and psychological flexibility as universal protective factors.
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of test anxiety, positive and negative perfectionism and several measures of academic achievement. We also wanted to determine differences in ...levels of test anxiety between adaptive and non-adaptive perfectionists and non-perfectionists. 331 university students filled in the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI; Spielberger, Gonzalez, Taylor, Algaze, & Anton, 1978), Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PNPS; Terry-Short, Owens, Slade, & Dewey, 1995) and answered to some questions related to academic achievement (average grade, examination passing, self-satisfaction as a student) and grade importance. The results showed positive correlation between test anxiety and negative perfectionism, but no correlation between test anxiety and positive perfectionism. Positive perfectionism was positively related to grade importance and self-satisfaction as a student. Negative perfectionism was positively associated with grade importance, but negatively related to self-satisfaction as a student. A negative relationship was found between test anxiety and all tested measures of academic achievement, which may indicate adverse consequences of its occurrence on academic achievement. Furthermore, the results indicate that non-adaptive perfectionists had higher levels of test anxiety than adaptive perfectionists and non-perfectionists, while there was no such difference between these two groups. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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