In this paper, we introduce and study the class of analytic functions in the unit disc, which are derived from Robertson’s analytic formula for starlike functions with respect to a boundary point ...combined with a subordination involving lemniscate of Bernoulli and crescent shaped domains. Using their symmetry property, the basic geometrical and analytical properties of the introduced classes were proved. Early coefficients and the Fekete–Szegö functional were estimated. Results for both classes were also obtained by applying the theory of differential subordinations.
The rapid economic growth observed in Central European countries in the last thirty years has been the result of profound political changes and economic liberalization. This growth is partly ...connected with reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, the problem of CO2 emissions seems to remain unresolved. The aim of this paper is to test whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis holds true for Central European countries in an annual sample data that covers 1995–2016 in most countries. We examine cointegration by applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag bound testing. This is the first study examining the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in individual Central European countries from a long-run perspective, which allows the results to be compared. We confirmed the cointegration, but our estimates confirmed the EKC hypothesis only in Poland. It should also be noted that in all nine countries, energy consumption leads to increased CO2 emissions. The long-run elasticity ranges between 1.5 in Bulgaria and 2.0 in Croatia. We observed exceptionally low long-run elasticity in Estonia (0.49). Our findings suggest that to solve the environmental degradation problem in Central Europe, it is necessary to individualize the policies implemented in the European Union.
Pascal’s Wager is one of the most interesting and original arguments for the existence of God. It does not invoke advanced metaphysical concepts; instead, it employs the methods and concepts of ...probability calculus. Its argumentative power mainly rests on the appropriate interpretation of the determinants of human existence, which are taken to include our cognitive, moral and physical limitations. The article discusses different aspects of Pascal’s reasoning. In particular, it examines the wager in the context of Grace as something that Pascal himself believed in.
Pascals’ Wager is one of the most interesting and original
arguments for the existence of God. It does not invoke advanced metaphysical concepts; instead, it employs the methods and concepts of ...probability calculus. Its argumentative power mainly rests on the appropriate interpretation of the determinants of human existence, which are taken to include our cognitive, moral and physical limitations. e article discusses different aspects of Pascals’ reasoning. In particular, it examines the wager in the context of Grace as something that Pascal himself believed in.
W artykule został rozważony problem kryzysu spowodowanego wystąpieniem pandemii COVID-19. Założono, że w wyniku pandemii następuje wprowadzenie restrykcji ograniczających aktywność gospodarczą oraz ...zakłócenie globalnego łańcucha dostaw. Zbadano również w jaki sposób destabilizacja gospodarki wywołana pandemią COVID-19 wpływa na degradację środowiska. Wykorzystano w tym celu koncepcję środowiskowej krzywej Kuznesta. Destabilizacja i degradacja środowiska zostały objaśnione za pomocą deterministycznych modeli dynamicznych. Na podstawie analizy tych modeli sformułowano zalecenia dla polityki gospodarczej, sugerując m.in., że optymalna stymulacja gospodarki w kryzysie mogłaby odbywać się przez wsparcie inwestycjami oraz przez przyjaznymi środowisku rozwiązania prawno-organizacyjne.
The subject of this article is the role of inductive reasoning (in the meaning of induction by incomplete enumeration) in the methodology of mathematics. The following types of induction have been ...distinguished: I₁) induction which causes formulation of axioms of different mathematical theories; I₂) enumerative induction which causes formulation of theorems on the basis of a finite number of cases; I₃) induction concerning the range of application of mathematical symbols; I₄) induction generalising the properties of finite sets to the infinite case; I₅) induction pointing to analogies between problems belonging to different domains of mathematics. Inductive reasoning should not be put against the creativity of scientists, as induction is often an important, though not always conscious part of our cognition. The concept of notional metaphor can be useful for explaining the nature of inductive reasoning. With this concept, a general scheme of inductive reasoning has been proposed, which, in the opinion of the authors, is more adequate for presenting the nature of induction than traditional approaches.
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