•Impulse control disorders are somewhat frequent in Tourette syndrome (TS) patients.•Inhibitory control is impaired in TS patients, even when they do not have any comorbid disorder.•Comorbid ADHD has ...a potentiating effect on the inhibitory deficits of TS patients.•TS patients have impairments in verbal inhibition and Stroop interference, but show intact Go/No-Go performance.
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder involving motor and phonic tics. Inhibitory control is a key issue in TS, and many disruptive or impulsive behaviors might arise from inhibitory deficits. However, conflicting findings regarding TS patients’ inhibitory performance in neuropsychological tasks have been reported throughout the literature. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to evaluate inhibitory control through neuropsychological tasks, and to analyze the factors modulating inhibitory deficits.
To this end, a literature search was performed through MEDLINE and PsycINFO, to retrieve studies including neuropsychological tasks that assessed inhibitory control in TS patients. Of the 4020 studies identified, 61 were included in the meta-analysis, for a total of 1717 TS patients.
Our analyses revealed a small to medium effect in favor of inhibitory deficits in TS patients. This effect was larger in TS+ADHD patients, but pure TS patients also showed some inhibitory deficits. Therefore, deficits in inhibitory control seem to be an inherent component of TS, and are exacerbated when ADHD is concomitant.
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a hallmark of Lynch syndrome (LS)-related tumors but is not specific to it, as approximately 80% of MSI/mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors are sporadic. ...Methods leading to the diagnosis of LS have considerably evolved in recent years and so have tumoral tests for LS screening and for the discrimination of LS-related to MSI-sporadic tumors. In this review, we address the hallmarks of LS, including the clinical, histopathological, and molecular features. We present recent advances in diagnostic and screening strategies to identify LS patients. We also discuss the pitfalls associated with the current strategies, which should be taken into account to improve the diagnosis of LS and avoid inappropriate clinical management.
Functional specialization of cells and tissues in metazoans require specific gene expression patterns. Biological processes, thus, need precise temporal and spatial coordination of gene activity. ...Regulation of the fate of messenger RNA plays a crucial role in this context. In the present review, the current knowledge related to the role of RNA-binding proteins in the whole mRNA life-cycle is summarized. This field opens up a new angle for understanding the importance of the post-transcriptional control of gene expression in cancer cells. The emerging role of non-classic RNA-binding proteins is highlighted. The goal of this review is to encourage readers to view, through the mRNA life-cycle, novel aspects of the molecular basis of cancer and the potential to develop RNA-based therapies.
The aim of this study was to present an overview of variations of the hepatic artery from the origin to the segmental branching.
Abdominal Computed Tomography performed on consecutive patients in our ...tertiary center between 2019 and 2020 were analyzed. Hepatic arterial branching and its relationship to the portal veins were reported.
Out of 500 imaging, 16 anatomic patterns were found for the origin of hepatic artery, with 65.6% conventional origin at celiac axis (n = 328); 10 patterns for the left hepatic artery, 23 for segment IV artery, and more than 21 for the right hepatic artery (RHA), with conventional branching in respectively 66.8%, 39.6% and in 46.4% of patients. Conventional anatomy from celiac axis to segmental branching was found in 10.4% of patients.
Dedicated thin-section imaging appears to be essential for preoperative planning in liver surgery, given the high variability of arterial distribution and their surgical implications.
•Vascular cartography of the liver must be analyzed before each surgery.•Thin slice section of computed tomography allows arterial analysis.•One out of ten patients has conventional arterial branching of the liver.
Neurocognitive functioning in Tourette syndrome (TS) has been the subject of intensive research in the past 30 years. A variety of impairments, presumably related to frontal and frontostriatal ...dysfunctions, have been observed. These impairments were found in various domains, such as attention, memory, executive functions, language, motor and visuomotor functions, among others. In line with contemporary research, other neurocognitive domains have recently been explored in TS, bringing evidence of altered social reasoning, for instance. Therefore, the aims of this review are to give an overview of the neuropsychological dimensions of TS, to report how neuropsychological functions evolve from childhood to adulthood, and to explain how various confounding factors can affect TS patients' performance in neuropsychological tasks. Finally, an important contribution of this review is to show how recent research has confirmed or changed our beliefs about neuropsychological functioning in TS.
This longitudinal study conducted in Quebec, Canada shows that healthy youth endorsing elevated socio-emotional vulnerability, as assessed by a composite score, report greater post-traumatic stress ...and anxiety symptoms, but not depressive symptoms in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The study also reveals that girls and adolescents present greater symptomatology as opposed to boys and younger children.
Although the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the incidence of distress in youth, some children show increased resilience, emphasizing the need to better understand the predictors of distress in youth.
This longitudinal study aimed to assess the combined impact of known socio-emotional predictors of stress-related psychopathology, namely anxiety sensitivity, anxiety trait, intolerance to uncertainty, and rumination, on COVID-related distress in healthy youth.
A total of 92 parent-child dyads that previously participated in a laboratory-based experiment assessing observational fear learning in families between 2017 and 2019 (T0) were recontacted. Of them, 84 children aged between 9 and 14 agreed to participate. They completed online questionnaires in June 2020 (T1), September 2020 (T2), December 2020 (T3), and March 2021 (T4). Participants were free of mental illness at T0 and T1. To create a socio-emotional composite score (SECS), we measured anxiety sensitivity (Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index) at T0, trait anxiety (Trait subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C)), intolerance to uncertainty (Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale for Children), and trait rumination (Children's Response Style Scale) at T1 and created a weighted z-score. To assess symptoms of anxiety, post-traumatic stress (PTS), and depression in reaction to COVID-19, participants completed the State subscale of the STAI-C, the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale, and the Children's Depression Inventory at T1-T4. Three general linear models were run with sex, age group (9-11 and 12+ years old), and SECS as predictors.
Analyses revealed a SECS*Time interaction, with higher SECS predicting elevated anxiety symptoms at T1 and T4, and elevated PTS symptoms at T1 and T2.
These results suggest that healthy youth endorsing high levels of socio-emotional vulnerability to psychopathology have a higher risk of suffering from anxiety and PTS, but not depressive symptoms, in the year following a major stressor.
Tourette syndrome (TS) can be accompanied by neurocognitive impairment. Only a few studies have focused on executive function assessment in TS using design fluency, providing preliminary results. ...This study aimed to characterize the detailed design fluency profile of children with TS compared with neurotypical children, while addressing the central concern of frequent comorbidities in studies on TS by considering tic severity and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and diagnosis.
Sixty-one children aged between 6 and 15 years participated and were divided into a TS group (
= 28 (with ADHD
= 15)) and a control group (
= 33). Our objective was addressed by examining a wide range of measures of the Five-Point-Test, presumably sensitive to frontostriatal dysfunction. The total number of designs, repetitions, repetition ratio, unique designs, and numerical, spatial, and total strategies were examined for the total duration of the test (global measures) and at five equal time intervals (process measures).
The TS group produced significantly fewer numerical strategies. Groups did not differ in other global or process measures. ADHD did not affect performance.
Children with TS do not inherently show general executive dysfunction but may present with subtle neurocognitive characteristics here revealed by comprehensive design fluency profiles.
(1)
: Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common comorbidity of TS ...that adds further impairment. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has shown efficacy in treating tics, yet its effectiveness in individuals with TS and comorbid ADHD remains unclear. Also, it is suggested that ADHD characteristics like executive dysfunction and inattention could hinder the response to CBT. This study aims to compare the response to CBT for tics and its maintenance six months post-therapy among TS individuals with and without ADHD symptoms. (2)
: In this study, 55 TS participants who completed 14-week CBT for tics were split into high (TS+) or low (TS-) ADHD symptomatology groups. Outcomes were evaluated using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) regarding global tic severity and motor and vocal tic frequency post-CBT and at a 6-month follow-up. (3)
: No significant group difference was found regarding improvements post-CBT (
= 55), nor the maintenance six months later (
= 45). (4)
: ADHD symptoms may not hinder the response to CBT or its maintenance, suggesting that TS individuals with ADHD symptoms may not require specialized CBT interventions.
: Tourette Syndrome (TS), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRB) are three disorders that share many similarities in terms of phenomenology, neuroanatomy, ...and functionality. However, despite the literature pointing toward a plausible spectrum of these disorders, only a few studies have compared them. Studying the neurocognitive processes using Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) offers the advantage of assessing brain activity with excellent temporal resolution. The ERP components can then reflect specific processes known to be potentially affected by these disorders. Our first goal is to characterize 'when' in the processing stream group differences are the most prominent. The second goal is to identify 'where' in the brain the group discrepancies could be.
: Participants with TS (
= 24), OCD (
= 18), and BFRB (
= 16) were matched to a control group (
= 59) and were recorded with 58 EEG electrodes during a visual counting oddball task. Three ERP components were extracted (i.e., P200, N200, and P300), and generating sources were modelized with Standardized Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography.
: We showed no group differences for the P200 and N200 when controlling for anxiety and depressive symptoms, suggesting that the early cognitive processes reflected by these components are relatively intact in these populations. Our results also showed a decrease in the later anterior P300 oddball effect for the TS and OCD groups, whereas an intact oddball effect was observed for the BFRB group. Source localization analyses with sLORETA revealed activations in the lingual and middle occipital gyrus for the OCD group, distinguishing it from the other two clinical groups and the controls.
: It seems that both TS and OCD groups share deficits in anterior P300 activation but reflect distinct brain-generating source activations.
Cette étude fait une recension des pratiques éducatives déclarées en milieu scolaire québécois auprès des élèves présentant un syndrome de la Tourette. Le sentiment de compétence des intervenant(e)s ...et leur perception de l’efficacité des interventions sont aussi évalués. Quarante-quatre participant(e)s ont répondu à un questionnaire en ligne. Les résultats montrent que la gestion des tics est moins souvent rapportée que d’autres types d’intervention, comme la gestion de l’hyperactivité et de l’opposition. Les intervenant(e)s se sentent majoritairement compétent(e)s et considèrent que les interventions appliquées sont globalement efficaces. Cet article permet de mieux soutenir les intervenant(e)s et d’identifier ce qui favorise la réussite éducative de ces élèves.
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